Cytologic Detection and Clinical Significance of Candida Species in Sputum: A Comprehensive Review

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dc.contributor.authorRathod, G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTeja, A. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSai, Sen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-13T11:14:08Z
dc.date.available2025-08-13T11:14:08Z
dc.date.issued2025-06
dc.description.abstractCandida species are common commensals of the oro?pharyngeal mucosa, yet their presence in sputum cytology continues to generate diagnostic uncertainty. This narrative review synthesises cytomorphologic hallmarks, diagnostic adjuncts, and evolving clinical evidence to guide cytopathologists and clinicians in differentiating colonisation from true infection. Characteristic sputum findings include 3–4?µm budding yeasts with elongated pseudohyphae penetrating desquamated squamous cells amid acute inflammation. Conventional culture remains standard but is slow and less sensitive; fluorescent real?time PCR, ??d?glucan, and mannan/ anti?mannan assays provide faster, more sensitive detection, although interpretation still hinges on clinicoradiologic correlation. Recent series show that while invasive Candida pneumonia is exceedingly rare (<1?%), persistent lower?respiratory colonisation is associated with higher mortality in hospital?acquired pneumonia, more frequent exacerbations in COPD, and impaired lung function in bronchiectasis. Judicious reporting e.g., “Candida spp. present; may represent colonisation versus infection in the appropriate clinical context”together with adherence to IDSA antifungal guidelines, optimises patient management.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Telangana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Telangana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Telangana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationRathod G, Teja AA, Sai S. Cytologic Detection and Clinical Significance of Candida Species in Sputum: A Comprehensive Review. International Archives of Integrated Medicine. 2025 Jun; 12(6): 1-4en_US
dc.identifier.issn2394-0026
dc.identifier.issn2394-0034
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/253313
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherEducational Society for Excellenceen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber6en_US
dc.relation.volume12en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15818062en_US
dc.subjectCandidaen_US
dc.subjectSputum cytologyen_US
dc.subjectPseudohyphaeen_US
dc.subjectPCRen_US
dc.subject??d?glucanen_US
dc.subjectColonisationen_US
dc.subjectPneumoniaen_US
dc.titleCytologic Detection and Clinical Significance of Candida Species in Sputum: A Comprehensive Reviewen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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