Coats disease in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes
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Date
2025-05
Journal Title
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Publisher
Wolters Kluwer – Medknow
Abstract
Purpose: To study the stage of presentation, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with Coats disease in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers (aged ?5 years). Methods: A retrospective hospital?based study of 98 patients with Coats disease was conducted. Results: The mean age at presentation was 30 months (range, 4–60 months). Majority were males (n = 72, 73%) with unilateral presentation (n = 98, 100%). The most common stages at presentation were total retinal detachment (stage 3B; 36%), advanced end?stage disease (stage 5; 22%), and total retinal detachment with secondary glaucoma (stage 4; 16%). The most common cause of referral to our institution was Coats disease (n = 23, 49%), followed by retinoblastoma (n = 17, 36%). The most common presenting symptom was a white reflex (n = 49, 50%) or strabismus observed by the parents (n = 34, 35%). Treatment modalities included observation (n = 30 eyes, 31%), surgical intervention (n = 22, 22%), and laser photocoagulation ± cryotherapy ± intravitreal injection (n = 22, 22%). At a mean follow?up of 29 months (range, 1–100 months), the anatomical status of the disease remained unchanged in 35 eyes (36%), worsened in 18 eyes (18%), and resolved in 15 eyes (15%). Ten eyes (10%) underwent enucleation. At the last follow?up, two?thirds of eyes (n = 76) had visual acuity ?20/400 and were categorized as blind. Conclusion: Coats disease in patients ?5 years presents at an advanced stage (3B or more). At the last follow?up, the disease had stabilized in half of the eyes, whereas two?thirds of the eyes were blind, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment.
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Keywords
Clinical features, Coats disease, infants, neonates, treatment
Citation
Hansraj Saarang, Jalali Subhadra, Raval Vishal. Coats disease in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2025 May; 73(5): 672-678