Citric acid-glycerol-based NADES for microwave-assisted extraction enhances the polyphenols level of Eleutherine bulbosa mill. Urb. Bulbs
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Date
2024-09
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Publisher
Open Science Publishers LLP
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvent combined with Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is considered as a potential green substitute for conventional extraction methods because of its selectivity and shorter extraction time. Eleutherine bulbosa Mill Urb. (E. bulbosa) bulbs, is renowned for having a high concentration of bioactive substances, primarily phenolics compounds with various therapeutic characteristics. This study aims to increase the level of total phenolics content (TPC) in E. bulbosa bulbs extract by applying a citric acid-glycerol (CA-Gly)-MAE and to optimize its extraction conditions using response surface methodology-based box-behnken design. In this study, we extracted dried samples under various conditions including microwave irradiation time and power, solid–liquid, sample-solvent ratio, and CA-Gly ratio. The measurements of TPC value were done spectrophotometrically and gallic acid was used as standard reference. The recommended optimum conditions were at 50% microwave power for 15 minutes, ratio of 1:14 g/ml, and CA-Gly ratio of 1:1 g/g, resulting in a predicted TPC value of 74.749 ± 3.716 mg GAE/g DW extract. Confirmation experiments were conducted using the recommended optimal extraction parameters, and the obtained TPC value was 84.653 ± 0.918 mg GAE/g DW extract. Our result demonstrates the potential of the CA-Gly-MAE for obtaining a higher yield of polyphenols from E. bulbosa bulbs.
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Keywords
Citric acid-glycerol, natural deep eutectic solvent, Eleutherine bulbosa Mill. Urb. Bulbs, microwave- assisted extraction, total polyphenols content.
Citation
Ahmad I, Shakti SOP, Prabowo WC, Hikmawan BD, Arifuddin M, Angelina M, Prastya ME, Okselni T, Alwi RS, Sadikin R, Iswahyudi I, Febrina L, Herman H, Junaidin J, Faisal M, Samsul E, Ibrahim A, Mun’im A. Citric acid-glycerol-based NADES for microwave-assisted extraction enhances the polyphenols level of Eleutherine bulbosa mill. Urb. Bulbs. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2024 Sept; 14(9): 189-197