Effect of Enalapril on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Proteinuria in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of enalapril treatment on decline in glomerular filtration rate and reduction in proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design: Open-label, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Pediatric nephrology clinic at a tertiary-care referral hospital. Intervention: Children with GFR between 15-60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were randomized to receive either enalapril at 0.4 mg/kg /day or no enalapril for 1 year. Outcome measures: Change in GFR using 99mTc-DTPA and urine protein to creatinine ratio. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of composite outcome (30% decline in GFR or end stage renal disease) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure SDS during the study period. Results: 41 children were randomized into two groups; 20 received enalapril while 21 did not receive enalapril. During 1 year, GFR decline was not different in the two groups (regression coefficient (r) 0.40, 95% CI -4.29 to 5.09, P=0.86). The mean proteinuria reduction was 65% in the enalapril group, significantly higher than control group. The difference was significant even after adjustment for blood pressure was 198.5 (CI 97.5, 299.3; P<0.001). 3 (17.6%) patients in enalapril and 7 (36.8%) in nonenalapril group attained the composite outcome. Conclusions: Enalapril is effective in reducing proteinuria in children with CKD and might be renoprotective in proteinuric CKD.
Description
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease, Enalapril, GFR, Proteinuria
Citation
Hari Pankaj, Sahu Jitender, Sinha Aditi, Pandey Ravinder Mohan, Bal Chandra Shekhar, Bagga Arvind. Effect of Enalapril on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Proteinuria in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatrics. 2013 October; 50(10): 923-928.