Patho-epidemiology of lung cancer in Karachi (1995-2002).

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dc.contributor.authorBhurgri, Yasminen_US
dc.contributor.authorBhurgri, Asifen_US
dc.contributor.authorUsman, Ahmeden_US
dc.contributor.authorSheikh, Nassaren_US
dc.contributor.authorFaridi, Naveenen_US
dc.contributor.authorMalik, Jawaiden_US
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Rasheedaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKayani, Nailaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPervez, Shahiden_US
dc.contributor.authorHasan, Sheema Hen_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-05-27T17:45:22Z
dc.date.available2009-05-27T17:45:22Z
dc.date.issued2006-01-25en_US
dc.descriptionAsian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe objective of the study was to provide an overview of the demographics of lung cancer, the number one cancer killer of men in Karachi South (1995-2002). Lung cancer cases recorded at Karachi Cancer Registry during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2004 were analyzed. To allow for maximum data completion, cases recorded from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were included for final analysis. Trends were studied by analyzing the age standardized incidence rates (ASR)s in 2 time periods, 1995-1997 and 1998-2002. Odds ratio for sex, age-groups, ethnicity, religion, and residence by socio-economic categories were calculated by considering all malignancies (except tobacco-associated malignancies) for each group, registered at KCR for the same period as controls. Cancer of the lung ranked the most frequent malignancy in men in Karachi in the entire 1995-2002 period, though it did not feature amongst the first 10 malignancies in the females. In the 1995-1997 period, the ASR per 100,000 population for cancer of the lung was 21.4 and 2.9 in males (M) and females (F) respectively. The mean age of the patients was 60.4 years (95% CI, 59.1-61.7) M and 53.7 years (95% CI 48.9-58.5) F. In the 1998-2002 period the incidence rate increased to 25.5 per 100,000 (M) and 4.2 per 100,000 (F). Thus between 1995 and 2002, the incidence of lung cancer registered a 19% increase in men and almost 100% in women. The component of adenocarcinoma in females remained stable during 8 years, but increased 55% in males. Histologic confirmation was 80%; majority of cancer cases presented as grade 3 and grade 4 lesions (62.3%), and were discovered at advanced stages (stage III 35.7%; stage IV 55.8%).The odds ratio (OR) in men was 4.5 (95% CI 3.7; 5.4). The risk of developing lung cancer increased with age, the highest risk being observed in the 65+ age group. A marginally higher risk was observed in the higher socio-economic categories for men and in the lower socio-economic categories for women. A higher risk was also observed for men who were residing along the coastal belt, and for ethnicities belonging to Southern Pakistan (Sindhi and Mohajir) residing in Karachi South. In conclusion, Pakistan at present falls into a low risk lung cancer region in females and a moderate risk region for males and the highest registered increase between 1995 and 2002 was observed in the older age groups (65+). It is however a cause of concern that the overall lung cancer incidence rates continue to rise. The age specific rates though stable in the younger age groups (35-49 years), are at present equivalent to contemporary rates in high- risk countries. These rates correspond with the trends of smoking prevalence in the younger age groups in the last 2 decades. Published studies have given alerts to increase in the smoking habits of the present day youngsters and with an expanding population the country can expect a substantial increase in lung cancer. This threat can only be averted by implementation of stringent anti-tobacco rules and health education; prohibition of smoking in educational institutions at all levels and a ban on the sale of cigarettes to minors.en_US
dc.description.affiliationKarachi Cancer Registry, Department of Pathology, Sindh Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. bhurgri@cyber.net.pken_US
dc.identifier.citationBhurgri Y, Bhurgri A, Usman A, Sheikh N, Faridi N, Malik J, Ahmed R, Kayani N, Pervez S, Hasan SH. Patho-epidemiology of lung cancer in Karachi (1995-2002). Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2006 Jan-Mar; 7(1): 60-4en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/37822
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.apocp.orgen_US
dc.subject.meshAdolescenten_US
dc.subject.meshAdulten_US
dc.subject.meshAge Distributionen_US
dc.subject.meshAgeden_US
dc.subject.meshCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshCarcinoma, Small Cell --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshCarcinoma, Squamous Cell --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshCause of Deathen_US
dc.subject.meshConfidence Intervalsen_US
dc.subject.meshFemaleen_US
dc.subject.meshHealth Surveysen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshIncidenceen_US
dc.subject.meshLung Neoplasms --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshMaleen_US
dc.subject.meshMiddle Ageden_US
dc.subject.meshNeoplasm Stagingen_US
dc.subject.meshOdds Ratioen_US
dc.subject.meshPakistan --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshRisk Assessmenten_US
dc.subject.meshSex Distributionen_US
dc.subject.meshSmoking --adverse effectsen_US
dc.subject.meshSurvival Analysisen_US
dc.subject.meshUrban Populationen_US
dc.titlePatho-epidemiology of lung cancer in Karachi (1995-2002).en_US
dc.typeComparative Studyen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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