Risk factors for hepatitis C disease in Tando Allahyar, Pakistan: a case-control study.
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Date
2011
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Abstract
Objective: Present study was undertaken to explore the epidemiological and dietary risk factors for
hepatitis C disease in Tando Allahyar during June to December 2007. Materials and methods: 140
Hepatitis C patients and 149 controls (age, sex and locality matched with no personal or family history of
hepatitis C) were randomly selected from the Tando Allahyar population during June 2007 to December
2007. A standard questionnaire specially developed for that purpose, was distributed among patients and
controls. Accurate rapid card test was performed to confirm Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive or negative
patients and controls. O.R with 95% confidence interval was computed and p values were calculated by chi
square test. Results: Over all findings showed that among 140 HCV patients 64% were females and 36%
males (mean age range was 20-48 years). Our results showed strong positive association of sedentary life
style (OR=4, 95% CI, 1.48-10.6, p=0.005), marital status, +ve family history, B+ve blood group, piercing,
syringe use (70%), multiple pregnancies (OR=4.72, 95% CI, 1.47-15.15, p=0.008), blood transfusion
(OR=4.4, 95% CI, 1.2-14.95, p=0.017), take out food debris by office pins (NS), shave at barber’s shop
(NS), dental procedures (NS), medicines used in past (OR=3.08, 95% CI, 1.2-7.71, P=0.016), G.I.T
diseases (OR =8.66, 95% CI, 1.28-55.58, p=0.023), stones of kidney or gallbladder, jaundice, Tuberculosis
and psychological problems (OR =2.5, 95% CI, 1.04-6.13, P=0.04) with hepatitis C disease. We did not
find any association of surgery, BMI, ENT, diseases, meat consumption and smoking with the disease.
Vegetables OR =0.842, 95% CI, 0.361-1.964, P=0.694), pulses, tomatoes (OR =0.31, 95% CI, 0.041-2.53,
P=0.31), and tea (OR =0.598, 95% CI, 0.251-1.431, P=0.25) were found to be the protective factors for
Hepatitis C disease. Conclusion: Sedentary life style, multiple pregnancies, blood transfusion, medicines
used in past, G.I.T diseases, and psychological problems are significantly positively associated with
Hepatitis C disease.
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Keywords
Hepatitis C disease, HCV infection, epidemiological risk factors, Diet, blood transfusion, G I T, diseases, psychological problems
Citation
Channa N A, Khan H. Risk factors for hepatitis C disease in Tando Allahyar, Pakistan: a case-control study. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science. 2011; 10(3): 163-169.