Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft-tissue facial profile of Indian adults

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dc.contributor.authorPandian, K Saravanaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKrishnan, Sindhujaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKumar, S Aravinden_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-02T06:45:01Z
dc.date.available2020-01-02T06:45:01Z
dc.date.issued2018-03
dc.description.abstractSoft-tissue analysis has become an important component of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Photographic evaluation of an orthodontic patient is a very close representation of the appearance of the person. The previously established norms for soft-tissue analysis will vary for different ethnic groups. Thus, there is a need to develop soft-tissue facial profile norms pertaining to Indian ethnic groups. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the angular photogrammetric standards of soft-tissue facial profile for Indian males and females and also to compare sexual dimorphism present between them. Materials and Methods: The lateral profile photographs of 300 random participants (150 males and 150 females) between ages 18 and 25 years were taken and analyzed using FACAD tracing software. Inclusion criteria were angles Class I molar occlusion with acceptable crowding and proclination, normal growth and development with well-aligned dental arches, and full complements of permanent teeth irrespective of third molar status. This study was conducted in Indian population, and samples were taken from various cities across India. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, and sexual dimorphism was evaluated by Student's t-test between males and females. Results: The results of the present study showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) gender difference in 5 parameters out of 12 parameters in Indian population. Conclusion: In the present study, soft-tissue facial measurements were established by means of photogrammetric analysis to facilitate orthodontists to carry out more quantitative evaluation and make disciplined decisions. The mean values obtained can be used for comparison with records of participants with the same characteristics by following this photogrammetric technique.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationPandian K Saravana, Krishnan Sindhuja, Kumar S Aravind. Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft-tissue facial profile of Indian adults. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2018 Mar; 29(2): 137-143en_US
dc.identifier.issn0970-9290
dc.identifier.issn1998-3603
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/192062
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherIndian Society for Dental Researchen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber2en_US
dc.relation.volume29en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_496_16en_US
dc.subjectFacial profileen_US
dc.subjectphotogrammetricen_US
dc.subjectphotographen_US
dc.subjectsoft‑tissue analysisen_US
dc.titleAngular photogrammetric analysis of the soft-tissue facial profile of Indian adultsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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