Toxicity Studies of the Extracts of Parkia biglobosa Stem Bark in Rats.
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Date
2012-01
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Abstract
Extracts of Parkia biglobosa stem bark is used in Nigerian traditional medicine (NTM) to
treat malaria, diarrhea and pains. To establish the toxicity profile of the medicine such
parameters as the lethal dose (LD50) as well as effects on body functions and organs
were evaluated in albino Wistar rats. The bioactive constituents of the water and
methanol extracts were also evaluated as a link to toxicity. The LD50 was greater than
5000mg/kg per oral (p.o) for both extracts. No significant (P< 0.05) changes in body
weights and vital organs of treated animals. However, at 5000mg/kg of water extract, a
significant increase in relative weight of the kidneys and hyper -cholesterolemic effects
were observed. The extract also elicited significant increase in blood glucose level. The
kidneys and livers of animals treated with P. biglobosa water extract for 14 days
revealed histopathological evidence of pathological lesions. The methanol extract did
not show any changes in the levels of hepatic and hematological parameters,
histopathological evidence of pathological lesions, and serum level of urea, uric acid,
bilirubin, creatinine and total protein concentrations. Treatment elicited hypo -
cholesterolemic effects and significant reduction in blood glucose level occurred in all
the groups. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids,
saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, phenols and reducing sugars in the methanol
extract, the water extract showed the presence of similar constituents with the absence
of flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. This study has shown the toxicity characteristics of
the methanol and water extracts of the stem bark P. biglobosa in short time treatment
with the extracts.
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Keywords
Acute, P. biglobosa, subacute, toxicity, wistar rats
Citation
Builders M I, Isichie C O, Aguiyi J C. Toxicity Studies of the Extracts of Parkia biglobosa Stem Bark in Rats. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012 Jan-Mar; 2(1): 1-16.