Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151207

Chief Editors: Prof. Ke-He Ruan, Prof. Alyautdin Renad N and Dr. Ali Nokhodchi
ISSN: 2456-9119

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI

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Nutrigenomic Aspects Over Dental Health: A Review
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-01) Varghese, NJ; Thomas, PT.
People living in different cultures have different genetic compositions, which affects the uptake and breakdown of nutrients. Investigators found that certain changes have resulted in the genomes due to the nutrient demand. Dental diseases like periodontitis are caused by the disparity between the oral microorganisms and the inflammatory condition of the individual. The disease development is affected by genetic and environmental factors, which can affect the immune system, thereby altering the connective tissue and bone support. Even periodontitis is seen mostly in adults, as well as in children and adolescents. The nutrigenomic method is the best choice for understanding the genomic relation with healthy or diseased conditions in medical and dental settings to create a personalized nutrition plan. The paper emphasizes nutritional requirements for dental conditions.
A Critical Appraisal of Vatika Kasa (Allergic Bronchitis) through the Lens of Ayurvedic Principles
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Samriya, KK; Singhal, HK; Rai, DK; Yadav, AK.
Classical Ayurveda describes Vatika Kasa as a serious clinical illness that is predominantly caused by Vata dosha aggravation and manifests as a cough disorder. Chest pain, hoarseness of voice (Swarabheda), a dry or spasmodic cough (Shuska Gala), Chronic coughing, wheezing, and mucus production are some of its symptoms. It is primarily caused by the vitiation of Vata Dosha, one of the three fundamental bio-energies in Ayurved. The respiratory ailment known as allergic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes brought on by exposure to allergens. Pathologically, aggravated Vata impairs the functioning of the respiratory system, particularly affecting the Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory channels). Management includes Vata-pacifying therapies such as the administration of warm, unctuous, and nourishing foods, herbal formulations (like Dashamoola, Vasavaleha), medicated oils for Abhyanga (oil massage), Swedana (sudation), and Nasya (nasal medication). Ayurveda provides a comprehensive therapy approach that includes food control, herbal medication, and lifestyle modifications, whereas Alternative medicine concentrates on immunomodulation and symptomatic alleviation. Understanding Vatika Kasa from both Ayurvedic and modern perspectives provides a holistic approach to the management of chronic and dry cough conditions. It emphasizes lifestyle modifications and natural remedies to restore Vatika kasa related doshic balance and respiratory health. The purpose of this article is to examine the integrative potential, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and compare the two therapeutic methods in Vatik Kasa (allergic bronchitis).
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers to the Utilization of Optional Vaccines among Mothers of Children under Five Years of Age in Kheda District, Gujarat
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-01) Parmar, S; Dave, S; Vankar, S; Selot, S; Dabhi, S; Nagar, K.
Introduction: Vaccination is an effective and a reliable method to safeguard oneself from dangerous diseases before encountering them. Vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions in human history, significantly reducing the burden of infectious diseases and saving countless lives worldwide. Aim: To determine knowledge and attitude regarding optional vaccines and barriers to use among mothers of under five children in Kheda district. Methodology: The non-experimental Descriptive Survey Research design used for this study. The study was conducted on 384 mothers of under five children from selected areas of Kheda district by non-probability purposive sampling technique. For the data collection researcher has prepared and used knowledge questionnaire, Attitude scale and to assess the barrier checklist questionnaire. Result: 240 (63%) of mothers have low knowledge, 123 (32%) have moderate knowledge, and 21 (5%) have good knowledge regarding optional vaccination. When 1 (0.3%) mother have Unfavourable attitude, 275 (71.6%) have moderate attitude, and 108 (28.1%) have favourable attitude towards optional vaccination. The mean score of attitude is 8.7083. The Correlation-Coefficient (r) of knowledge and attitude is 0.76. Conclusion: The study highlights the disparity between knowledge and attitude regarding optional vaccination among mothers of under five children. Although the majority lack adequate knowledge, a considerable number still maintain a moderate attitude. This emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to improve understanding and promote positive attitudes toward optional vaccination.
Design of Metformin with Glibenclamide Controlled Release Osmotic Capsules
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Pineda-Santiago, R; Melgoza-Contreras, LM; Espinosa-Garcia, J; Amador-Gonzalez, E; Hernandez-Baltazar, E.
Aims: This article aims to target the improvement for the treatment of people suffering from Diabetes. Rather than using multiple doses and dosage forms for effective treatment, the author provides a robust solution in the form of a combination of drugs as an osmotic capsule, which has a controlled release pattern and aims at treating the disease effectively. This article also presents, for the first time, a compatibility study using a non-destructive methodology with a Raman spectrometer, which can be considered as the article’s novelty Significance: Diabetes represents a global health challenge. In 2021, it was estimated that 536.6 million people suffered from this disease. Today, a wide range of drugs is available for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In 2022, in Mexico, the most cost-effective intervention for Type 2 Diabetes was a combined oral treatment of metformin and glibenclamide, with a total cost of USD 951.75, an effectiveness rate of 42.30%, and an effectiveness coefficient of 2.25. Osmotic systems offer clear advantages over conventional pharmaceutical forms, as they allow for the maintenance of constant plasma concentrations over long periods Study Design: A compatibility drug-excipient with Raman spectroscopy study at 50°C for four weeks. A 32 experimental design was successfully developed to obtain controlled release osmotic capsules containing metformin/Glibenclamide. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos. 2013-2015 Methodology: Compatibility study between Metformin and Glibenclamide with 15 excipients using Raman spectrofotometer during 4 weeks at 50C, then manual encapsulation of the 9 formulations and coating with cellulose acetate in acetone and finally release study in two steps 2.5 hours in gastric medium and ten hours in enteric medium for a total of 12.5 hrs of release study. Results: Capsules free of excipient incompatibilities, with a constant release rate over 12.5 hours, independent of pH and stirring speed. These controlled-release osmotic capsules were sealed and coated with a cellulose acetate membrane, with a weight gain of 3% and a release hole of 635 ?m. The best formulation exhibited lag times of 2.09 hours for metformin and 0.18 hours for glibenclamide. Conclusion: For the first time presented a compatibility study was presented using a nondestructive methodology with a Raman spectrometer. The capsules presented constant release for 12.5 hours, the best lag time was 2.09 hours for metformin and 0.18 hours for Glibenclamide. the mixture 1:1 sorbitol– mannitol presented a reduction in osmotic potential. The limited release rate of glibenclamide may be attributed to its solubility constraints. The combination of a high amount of sorbitol as the osmotic agent, along with the use of non-disintegrating capsules, effectively reduced the system's lag time.
Intra Nasal Delivery of Naringenin Loaded Cubosomal in Situ Gel: Formulation and In vitro/ In vivo Evaluation
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Muzib, Y; Kumari, DRA; Ambedkar, Y.
The main aim of this study was to develop naringenin-loaded cubosomes for intranasal administration, with a focus on assessing pharmacodynamic studies in animal models. The cubosomal system, composed of oleic acid, glycerol and poloxamer 407 was developed using top-down method. The physicochemical analysis of the naringenin-loaded cubosomes, including analysis of particle size, entrapment efficiency and t50%values of 199.01 ± 2.31 nm, 92.36 ± 2.91%, and 5.94 h respectively. From the in- vitro release, Ex-vivo studies cubosomal in-situ gel formulation (Gellan gum 0.45% w/v, Locust bean gum 1.58% and 3.0% w/v, PEG6000 2% w/v) showed significantly higher release compared to free naringenin. Pharmacodynamic studies confirms that the nasal administration group showed a delayed onset of action when compared to the oral administration group, suggesting a targeted effect.
Knowledge Assessment and Practice of Insulin Storage and Administration Techniques among Diabetic Mellitus Patients
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Bevoor, DB; K S, N; B H, L; D, D; Siddiqui, N.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long term, progressive metabolic disease marked by high blood sugar levels brought on by aberrant insulin action, production, or both. The procedure by which a person applies insulin to subcutaneous tissue is known as self-administration. Adequate injection procedures are crucial for optimal diabetic management. The most popular method for administering insulin to people is a subcutaneous injection. Objective: To evaluate knowledge assessment skills and practice of insulin injection techniques among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to identify areas requiring re-education. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study for a period of 6 months with the patients who are administering insulin injection for diabetic mellitus at Siddaganga hospital. Before conducting the study, the informed consent was obtained from the patients. The data was collected using pre designed data collection form such as patient demographic details, past medical and medication history, blood glucose level, prepared questionaries and current treatment. The collected information was assessed for knowledge assessment and practice of insulin storage on administration techniques. Results: A study involving 147 participants revealed that (55.1%) were male and (44.8%) were female. The duration of insulin use varied, with (38.7%) having used it for less than 6 months and (61.2%) for less than a year. Insulin storage practices were inconsistent, with (46%) storing in the fridge door, (46%) inside the fridge, and (16%) at room temperature. Hand hygiene before insulin injection was also a concern, as (54.4%) of participants did not wash their hands before injecting, while (45.5%) washed. In terms of insulin administration, (55.1%) of participants self-administered their injections, while (44.9%) relied on their caregivers. Conclusion: This study reveals significant gaps in insulin administration practices among diabetic patients. Although most patients are aware of the recommended dose and injection site rotation, many lack essential knowledge regarding hygiene, sterilization, and proper disposal techniques. Such gaps may result in severe health complications, such as infections and inadequate glycaemic control. Therefore, ongoing education and regular reassessments are crucial to enhancing patient safety and clinical outcomes. Structured training programs for both patients and caregivers across healthcare environments.
Protective Effect of Raphanus sativus Using by Phytochemical and Antiulcer Activity by Aspirin Induced Gastric Ulcer
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-01) Hemamalini, K; Ramulu, Y; Rambabu, B.
Raphanus sativus, a widely growing, has been used in traditional medicine for treating many ailments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Aspirinic extract of R. Sativus leaves on gastric ulcer. The antiulcer effects of MERS at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses were evaluated on Aspirin gastric ulcer models. The histological changes in gastric tissue of ulcer mice were also determined in aspirin induced models. R. sativus treatment significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the ulcer index and significantly (P < 0.01) increased the gastric pH of both Aspirin and aspirin-induced ulcer mice. The observations confirm that MERS whole plant has antiulcer activities.
Targeting the Gut Heart Axis: Microbiota Based Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Management
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Nandal, K; Rathee, J; Dahiya, P; Nandal, R; Kaur, M.
The gut-heart axis represents a critical interface through which gut microbiota influences cardiovascular health and disease. Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by promoting systemic inflammation and producing harmful metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which accelerates atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Conversely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbial fermentation, exert anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects, mitigating CVD risk factors such as hypertension and cardiac fibrosis. Emerging therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), show promise in restoring microbial balance, improving lipid profiles, glycemic control, and blood pressure. However, challenges such as individual microbiome variability and the need for standardized clinical protocols hinder therapeutic translation. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights, clinical evidence, and therapeutic potential of targeting gut microbiota for CVD management, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches to address the global CVD burden.
Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals: A Natural Approach to Skin, Hair, and Oral Care
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Banu, A; Ali, NM; Muqeeth, FMA; Shoeib, MA.
The demand for beauty and personal care products has increased therefore consumers look towards alternatives in recent years, thereby increasing the popularity of herbal cosmeceuticals arise because they are safe and natural. Herbal extracts are infused with cosmetics or bases which serve the dual purpose of enhancing beauty while providing therapeutic benefits and devoid of the side effects that come with chemicals. This review analyzes the various types of herbal cosmetic products available for skin care, hair care, oral hygiene, and other applications of beauty. It also focuses on some important herbs and their scientifically proven methods of action, such as turmeric for psoriasis, aloe-vera for eczema, tea tree oil for acne, and licorice for hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, this paper draws attention to the value of herbal medicine in several skin diseases by highlighting the product features of these medicines, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and healing properties. Also, the review discusses the advantages of the herbal cosmetics, like hypoallergenic, cruelty-free, eco-friendly, and nutrient-rich and yet are associated with cons like lack of a legal framework and unwarranted standardization as well as allergen potential. An analysis of the global and Indian herbal market trends indicates increasing demand and economic usefulness of these products. Moreover, the document describes global and domestic measures aimed at controlling the quality, safety, and effectiveness of herbal cosmetics. In the end, the patents highlight developments and active studies in this field. This review draws attention to the neglected body of scientific cosmeceuticals based on herbs and emphasizes the need for further research to substantiate claims on safety and efficacy, alongside enhanced regulatory frameworks to safeguard user trust and ensure product reliability.
Evaluation of Drug Utilization in Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Care Centre: A Cross Sectional Study
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-01) CS, V; Florence, JE; Das, S; Raj, A; Sarkar, S; Kumar, ES; L, P; V, S.
Aim: In this study, the goal was to asses Drug utilization evaluation, WHO core indicators, monitoring the patient’s response to therapy of coronary artery disease. Study Design: Sapthagiri institute of medical sciences, Bangalore. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Cardiology Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), From (June 2024- Nov 2024) Chikkasandra, Hesaraghatta Road Bangalore. Methodology: We conducted prospective cross-sectional study for 6 months which includes patients who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease diagnosed of different types. Results: Among 311 patients, 30.2% were in the age group between 58-67 years of age. By 68.8%, male patients outnumbered female patients. Ischemic heart disease in coronary artery disease were the most common diagnosis. Out of 311 patients, 197 patients had comorbidities and the most common comorbidity was Hypertension (66), Diabetes melitus (47). Most commonly used combination therapy was Coronary angiography (CAG) with drug therapy (233). Majority of drugs prescribed under generic name with Aspirin (244). Category of drugs used is antiplatelet (471). Oral route (1423) of drug administration was the preferred route. Drug interactions are moderate which can be avoided at dose adjustments and limiting to single drug use of antiplatelets. WHO reports 45% of prescriptions include 5.4 drugs, 2.3% prescribe antibiotics, 10.6% use injections, 73.2% use generic names, and 98% are from the essential medicines list. Conclusion: The study evaluated drug utilization in coronary artery disease patients in a tertiary care hospital. The most common treatment approach was Coronary Angiography with drug therapy, with antiplatelet, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs being the most commonly prescribed.
Rapid Lymphatic Absorption of Orally Administered Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid: A Pathway to the Bloodstream via Mesenteric Nodes
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-05) Dashnyam, K; Shofaro, J; Hui, J; Jia, X; Hui, M.
Background: The 35 kDa low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA35) injection has shown efficacy in alleviating various types of pain, reducing inflammation and edema, and exhibiting potential in lipolysis and cosmetic applications. Compared to injectable forms, oral administration offers greater convenience and improved patient compliance. However, the absorption mechanism of orally administered low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA, <100 kDa) remains poorly understood. This study investigates the absorption pathways of two LMWHA—HA35 and HA70—which differ in their cellular binding affinity but exhibit similar tissue permeability, with a particular focus on the role of the mesenteric lymphatic system. Methods: Rats were administered high oral doses of HA35 and HA70. Blood and tissue samples were collected at predefined time points following administration. The concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) in serum, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to monitor absorption kinetics and tissue distribution. Results: Both HA35 and HA70 were rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, predominantly via the mesenteric lymphatic pathway, bypassing the conventional intestinal absorption route through the portal vein and liver. HA levels in the mesenteric lymph nodes increased significantly within 30 minutes post-administration and remained elevated over time. No significant increases in free HA were observed in the liver or spleen, reinforcing lymphatic uptake as the principal route of absorption. Conclusion: In contrast to high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA, >1000 kDa), which requires degradation prior to absorption, this study demonstrates for the first time that LMWHA molecules (HA35 and HA70, <100 kDa) can be directly absorbed through the intestinal lymphatic system. This alternative absorption route is significant, as it enables compounds to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism, potentially enhancing bioavailability and prolonging systemic exposure. These findings provide new insights into the absorption mechanisms of LMWHA and suggest promising opportunities for developing oral therapeutics that leverage lymphatic transport pathways for the improved delivery of bioactive macromolecules.
Traditional and Pharmacological Properties of Anti-Malarial Plant Species of Jharkhand, India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Jahan, N; Shrivastava, P; Rahman, S.
Malaria is one of the major vector-borne diseases in Jharkhand and other states of India with significant morbidity and mortality. The challenge of drug resistance to anti-malarial medicines has been a major obstacle controlling malarial disease. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme has formulated new treatment guidelines for malaria that recommend phytochemical constituent artemisinin based combination therapy as the first-line drugs for P.falciparum malaria. The demand of plant based anti malarial drugs has been increased in the world. Therefore, it is important to find out effective plant species which are traditionally used by the tribal and rural people since time immemorial. The present review work aims to identify plants with Anti-malarial properties which were used by the tribal and local communities by applying prevalent traditional knowledge system.
Effect of Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) Leaves on Oxidative Stress in Obese Wistar Rats
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Akotegnon, AR; Faton, EOM; Chokki, S; Bah, F; Michodjehoun, C; Sezan, A; Baba-moussa, L.
Obesity is often associated with an imbalance in oxidative status, promoting excess free radicals and impairment of endogenous antioxidant systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ficus umbellata leaf extracts on oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet in obese Wistar rats. After obesity induction, the animals were orally treated with two doses of hydroalcoholic Ficus umbellata extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. The parameters assessed included changes in body weight, Lee index, and biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT) in the liver. The results showed that Ficus umbellata extract, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, significantly reduced weight gain and the Lee index while restoring hepatic oxidative balance. It led to a decrease in MDA levels, an increase in GSH concentrations, and improvements in SOD and catalase enzymatic activities, compared to untreated obese rats. These findings suggest a strong antioxidant and anti-obesity potential of Ficus umbellata, supporting its traditional use as a medicinal plant for managing metabolic disorders related to obesity.
A Study on the Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) from Drug Discovery to Product Development
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Mannan, A; Nousheen, Z; Rasheed, T.
The drug discovery process has been time-consuming and expensive in the past. Also, previous drugs were not formulated as well as the drugs being expected and developed using AI and ML technologies. This article shall elaborate on the stages of drug discovery and development where AI and ML modelling have revolutionized the traditional methods of drug development. AI, in the broader context, has been taken up and implemented at each stage of drug discovery, from target identification and validation to hit finding and the progression from hit to lead optimization, with a vital role in streamlining the formerly time-consuming process of drug screening. Several methods based on machine learning are being used to predict drug targets, predict the structures of drug targets, predict binding sites, perform ligand-based similarity searches, design ligands with certain desired properties de novo, develop scoring functions for molecular docking, build Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of biological activity, and predict the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ligands.
The Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Fragment HA35 Serves as a Dual Antagonist of Pain-Related Calcium Channels TRPV1 and TRPA1
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Ma, X; Shofaro, J; Jia, X; Ma, Z; Hui, M.
Background: Pain, especially chronic pain, remains a major health challenge worldwide. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPV1 and TRPA1, play crucial roles in pain perception. Hyaluronic acid (HA), whose bioactivity varies by molecular weight, has shown potential in modulating pain-related TRP channels. However, the effects of low-molecular-weight HA (LMWHA, ?100 kDa), such as 35 kDa HA (HA35), compared to high-molecular-weight HA (HMWHA, ?1000kDa), on TRPV1 and TRPA1 are understudied. Methods: This study was performed in vitro using HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPV3 channels. Patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to assess ion currents before and after treatment with HA35 and 1600 kDa HMWHA (HA1600). Data from 12 independent replicates per condition were analyzed to determine inhibition rates. Results: Both HA35 and HA1600 significantly inhibited TRPV1 and TRPA1 currents, with HA35 showing greater potency. Specifically, HA35 reduced capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents by 34.46% (P < 0.0001) and AITC-induced TRPA1 currents by 29.27% (P < 0.001), compared to 22.33% (P < 0.0001) and 22.32% (P < 0.001) for HA1600, respectively. Neither agent affected TRPV3 currents (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that although LMWHA and HMWHA exert comparable modulatory actions on pain-related ion channels, their degrees of inhibition differ. Conclusion: HA35, as a LMWHA, selectively and more potently inhibits TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels compared to HMWHA. This study illustrates the distinct pharmacological properties of LMWHA versus HMWHA, supporting HA35’s potential as a dual-target analgesic with superior tissue permeability for TRP-mediated pain management.
Polystyrene Microplastics Disrupt Spermatogenesis through Oxidative Stress in Rat Testicular Tissue
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Chandolia, AK; Khangrawat, P; Sharey; Pragya, K; Srivastava, S.
Polystyrene-based microplastics (PS-MPs) induce excessive oxidative stress in testicular tissues. The present study evaluated the role of PS-MP induced oxidative stress on spermatogenesis and consequent fertility in male rats. Five groups of Wistar albino rats, each consisting of seven animals, were formed. Group I served as the sham-treated control, while Groups II-V received oral administrations of 5, 50, 500, and 5000 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) of PS-MPs, respectively, for 120 days. Fertility rates and testicular functions, specifically spermatogenic activity, were assessed using stereological and histological analyses. Oxidative stress in testicular tissues was evaluated to determine its potential impact on testicular function. Results showed a significant decline in testicular weight across all treated groups compared to controls, irrespective of the PS-MP dose. Notably, a maximum fertility reduction of 30% was observed in rats treated with 5000 µg/kg b.w. of PS-MPs after 120 days. Groups exposed to lower doses exhibited a 10–20% decrease in fertility compared to controls. Stereological analysis revealed substantial reductions (40-50%) in the volumes of spermatogonia and spermatids, while the number of spermatocytes remained largely unaffected. Histological examination indicated depleted luminal contents with fewer spermatozoa in higher-dose groups. Furthermore, more than a 50% decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels, accompanied by significant reductions in the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), was evident in testicular tissues of rats treated with 500 and 5000 µg/kg b.w. of PS-MPs. In conclusion, PS-MPs significantly impair spermatogenic performance, leading to reductions in germ cell populations and sperm production. This disruption in spermatogenesis contributes to decreased fertility rates and potential regression in testicular development. Further research on the long-term effects of microplastics is warranted to better understand their implications for reproductive health and population dynamics.
An Ayurvedic Intervention in Pediatric Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma): A Single Case Study
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Nemiwal, M; Krishna; Singhal, HK; Rai, DK.
Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most chronic conditions that affect people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Bronchial asthma commonly known as Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is a chronic respiratory disorder which is primarily associated with an imbalance of Kapha and Vata doshas. It is characterized by paroxysmal episodes of coughing, coryza, and dyspnea brought on by chest congestion, tachypnea, difficulty expectorating, and prolonged expiration. Present case study aims to explore the effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in managing pediatric Tamaka Shwasa. Main Clinical Findings: A 12 years old female patient attended OPD of Kaumarbhritya department of Sanjivani Ayurvedic Hospital, on 11/06/2023 with chief complaint of breathlessness, chest discomfort and cough especially at night or early morning along with generalized weakness. She has a disturbed sleeping pattern due to dyspnea. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed as a case of Tamaka Shwasa. Interventions: The treatment plan consisted of dietary modifications, Ayurvedic formulations, Panchakarma therapies (including Mriduvirechan and Nasya), and lifestyle changes. The patient was monitored over a period of three months with regular follow-ups to assess symptomatic improvement. Outcomes: After three months of Ayurvedic treatment, the patient was reported a significant reduction in asthma symptoms, including decreased frequency of wheezing and breathlessness. Conclusion: This case study had shown the Ayurveda’s effectiveness & its patients in today’s perspective in managing chronic respiratory conditions like Tamaka Shwasa.
Review on Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride, Empagliflozin, Linagliptin
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-05) Prathyusha, K; Priya, PP.
Sodium glucose co-transporter-2(Sglt-2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and biguanides are the agents which are defined as the anti-diabetic agents used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metformin Hydrochloride, linagliptin, empagliflozin, are the drugs of the class mentioned. Objective: The aim is to provide the information of the different analytical methods used in the estimation of these drugs.Since most of the patients are unable to maintain their glucose levels by only a single drug a combination of one/ more drug has been used inorder to maintain the diabetes The present review provides information on various simultaneous estimation to determine the three drugs in combination [trijardy xr] and either of the drugs in the pharmaceutical preparations.The literature survey focused on the analytical methods for the estimation of the drugs individually and also in combination by QBD, RP-UPLC,RPHPLC,UPLC,HPTLC, LC-TMS,UV were performed and repoted. Conclusion: People who take the drugs can receive the same treatment in a single combination tablet. The single pill combination may also simplify the potential therapy and it also improve the clinical outcmes when it is compared with the administration of a single tablet.
Current Status of Stem Cell Based Therapy
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-05) Mannan, A; Fatima, Z; Salman, MY.
Stem cell therapy is an innovative and promising branch of medicine in research nowadays. The therapy uses stem cells, which are capable of developing into different types of cells, to treat injuries and diseases. Stem cell therapy has become a revolutionary area in contemporary medicine, presenting possible treatments for a variety of diseases once deemed incurable. Investigations in this field have centered on comprehending the various categories of stem cells, such as embryonic, induced pluripotent, and mesenchymal stem cells, along with their uses in addressing conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, heart diseases, and cancer. Currently, scientists are using stem cells to regenerate tissues, treat autoimmune diseases, and create novel treatment strategies for cancer. Considerable progress has been achieved in stem cell research; however, there are still many ethical issues to solve, risks of tumor growth, and optimization of treatment procedures to be researched further. However, despite its potential, stem cell therapy encounters obstacles, including ethical dilemmas, the risk of immune rejection, and the necessity for standardized protocols to guarantee safety and effectiveness.
Utilization Patterns of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs in Cardiovascular Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-05) Kumar, PA; TS, U; Bhagyashree; KS, G; Kalam, SAA.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases encompass a group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications are commonly prescribed for patients with cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction (heart attack), angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Optimizing the use of these medications is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing associated risks. This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing patterns and safety profiles of these agents in patients admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital. Objective: To evaluate the utilization patterns and safety profiles of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs administered to cardiac patients in the cardiology department. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Siddaganga Hospital, involving 115 patients admitted to the cardiology department and prescribed anticoagulants and antiplatelet for cardiovascular diseases. Results: Of the 115 cases, cardiovascular disease was more prevalent in males (63%) than in females (37%). Most patients affected by cardiovascular disease belonged to the 60–69 age group (36.5%). The most common diagnosis among patients was CAD-ACS-AWMI (31.3%). Of the 115 patients, 40% received antiplatelet medications, 4.34% received anticoagulants, and 55.65% were treated with a combination of both. Aspirin (86.25%) was the most commonly prescribed antiplatelet, while heparin (52.17%) was the most frequently used anticoagulant. Of the 115 patients, 110 underwent laboratory investigations, with most undergoing platelet count testing. Conclusion: Our study concludes that anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs are crucial in preventing complications and managing cardiovascular diseases. Combination therapy was preferred, with antiplatelet drugs prescribed more frequently than anticoagulants.

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