Untouchability And Reforms: A Historical Study Of Caste Movements In Modern India
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Date
2025-07
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The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research
Abstract
Untouchability has remained one of the most inhuman and deep-rooted forms of social discrimination in Indian society. Based on the rigid structure of the caste system, it historically denied the so-called 'lower castes' access to education, temples, water sources, and participation in public life. This paper traces the efforts made in modern Indian history to challenge untouchability—beginning from 19th-century reformist movements to the radical assertion of Dalit identity in the 20th century. The role of key figures like Jyotirao Phule and Dr B.R. Ambedkar is analysed, along with the contributions of reformist organisations like the Arya Samaj and Christian missions. The paper also touches upon the post-Independence constitutional safeguards and the emergence of Dalit political consciousness. It shows how the discourse on caste has evolved from social reform to active political mobilisation.
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Menka. Untouchability And Reforms: A Historical Study Of Caste Movements In Modern India. Indian Journal Of Applied Research. 2025 Jul; 15(7): 50