In vitro and in vivo Antitrypanosomal Effects of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Picralima nitida.
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Date
2014-03
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Abstract
The methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves, fruits, seeds, stem bark and roots of
Picralima nitida were studied in vitro and in vivo for activity against Trypanosoma brucei
brucei in Swiss albino mice. Phytochemicals studies were also conducted for all the plant
extracts. The methanol extracts showed appreciably high in vitro and in vivo
antitrypanosomal activities compared to the aqueous extracts of the plant. The methanol
extract of the root exhibited the highest in vitro antitrypanosomal activity followed by the
methanol extract of seed of Picralima nitida. Motility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei was
stopped by the methanol extract of the root after 10 min, while the methanol extract of the
seed of Picralima nitida stopped the motility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei at 15 min. The
methanol extract of the root of Picralima nitida showed the highest in vivo
antitrypanosomal activity at 100 mg/kg body weight. The extract cleared the parasite
completely from the T. brucei brucei infected Swiss albino mice after day 3 of treatment.
There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) when the level of parasitemia of
the animals treated with the methanol extract of the root of Picralima nitida were
compared with the other treatment groups and the untreated control. The phytochemicals detected in these extracts are tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids,
saponins and cyanide glycosides. The in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activity
exhibited by these extracts might be attributed to these phytochemicals.
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Keywords
Antitrypanosomal activity, in vitro and in vivo, Picralima nitida, Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Citation
Ene A C, Edeh N G, Bonny-Okoli C, Ojiako O A, Ujowundu C O, Igwe C U. In vitro and in vivo Antitrypanosomal Effects of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Picralima nitida. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014 Mar; 4(5): 644-653.