Radium-contaminated water: a risk factor for cancer of the upper digestive tract.

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dc.contributor.authorHirunwatthanakul, Phatchaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSriplung, Hutchaen_US
dc.contributor.authorGeater, Alanen_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-05-27T17:44:09Z
dc.date.available2009-05-27T17:44:09Z
dc.date.issued2006-04-15en_US
dc.descriptionAsian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.en_US
dc.description.abstractThere is a high incidence of oral, pharynx and esophagus cancer among males in Na Mom district in Songkhla Province in Thailand, an area where radium concentration in shallow well water is found to be higher than other areas in this province. A population-based case control study was conducted from June to November 2004 to determine the association of oral exposure to radium-contaminated water and cancer of the upper digestive tract in the district.Thirty-two confirmed cases and 128 sex and five-year birth cohort matched neighborhood controls were selected by multistage sampling from six villages in four sub-districts. All subjects were verified to have been permanent residents in the district for more than 10 years. Thirty cases were dead at the time of the study, thus their relatives were interviewed to determine their amount of water drinking, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, betel chewing and exposure to other potential risk factors in the past. The other two cases and all controls were directly interviewed.The concentration of radium in shallow well water at the subject's houses was estimated using a contour map of Ra-226 in the water at the location of their residence. The results showed a strong and dose-dependent associationb etween consumption of radium-contaminated shallow well water and cancer of the upper digestive tract. In multivariate analysis controlled for important risk factors of the cancer, the odds ratios for exposure to oral radium consumption 50-100 mBq/day and >100 mBq/day compared with <50 mBq/day were 2.83 (95% CI: 0.50-16.19) and 29.76 (95% CI: 4.39-201.6) respectively. The risk also increased with consumption of fresh water fish which might have been contaminated by dissolved radium in the water. This study offers the first evidence of the association between radium and cancer of the upper digestive tract to the world literature. Further studies with other methods such as area-wide correlation of radium-uranium concentration and the incidence of the cancer and case-control studies in other populations are needed to confirm the evidence.en_US
dc.description.affiliationEpidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.en_US
dc.identifier.citationHirunwatthanakul P, Sriplung H, Geater A. Radium-contaminated water: a risk factor for cancer of the upper digestive tract. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2006 Apr-Jun; 7(2): 295-8en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/37780
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.apocp.orgen_US
dc.subject.meshAgeden_US
dc.subject.meshAged, 80 and overen_US
dc.subject.meshCase-Control Studiesen_US
dc.subject.meshCohort Studiesen_US
dc.subject.meshFemaleen_US
dc.subject.meshHead and Neck Neoplasms --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshIncidenceen_US
dc.subject.meshMaleen_US
dc.subject.meshMiddle Ageden_US
dc.subject.meshRadiumen_US
dc.subject.meshRegistriesen_US
dc.subject.meshRisk Factorsen_US
dc.subject.meshThailand --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshWater Pollution, Chemicalen_US
dc.subject.meshWater Supplyen_US
dc.titleRadium-contaminated water: a risk factor for cancer of the upper digestive tract.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.typeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ten_US
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