Counterfeit Anabolic Steroids in Brazil: A Forensic Perspective on Quality and Risks

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dc.contributor.authorCâmara, LC.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-12T10:23:16Z
dc.date.available2025-05-12T10:23:16Z
dc.date.issued2024-12
dc.description.abstractThe illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly due to the widespread availability of counterfeit products in underground markets. This review examines AAS seized in Brazil, a country with a notable prevalence of use, especially among gym and sports center attendees. Thus, the main objective of this brief review is to map studies published on the seizure and chemical analysis of AAS sourced from the underground market in Brazil. A comprehensive analysis of studies revealed high levels of adulteration in seized products, including the absence of declared active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), the addition of undeclared substances, and contamination with harmful agents such as toxic chemicals or biological impurities. Many of these products significantly diverged from their labeled composition, leading to risks of therapeutic failure, unexpected side effects, or potentially severe health consequences, such as cardiovascular toxicity or organ damage. The findings align with international trends, highlighting the urgent need for effective measures to address this issue. Regulatory agencies and law enforcement must enhance their collaboration to prevent the production and distribution of counterfeit AAS. Additionally, the implementation of advanced forensic methodologies, such as chromatography and spectrometry, is essential for identifying adulterated products and ensuring safer oversight of these substances. Public awareness campaigns are equally critical, aiming to educate consumers on the dangers of counterfeit AAS and discourage their use. This review underscores the pressing need for multidisciplinary approaches that include rigorous regulation, education, and research into harm-reduction strategies. Protecting public health requires a comprehensive understanding of the risks posed by illicit AAS and concerted efforts to mitigate their impact.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Specialization in Clinical Anabolism, College of Governance, Engineering, and Education of São Paulo - FGE-SP, Brazil.en_US
dc.identifier.citationCâmara LC.. Counterfeit Anabolic Steroids in Brazil: A Forensic Perspective on Quality and Risks . Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2024 Dec; 36(12): 130-139en_US
dc.identifier.issn2456-9119
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/247679
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherMs. M. B. Mondalen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber12en_US
dc.relation.volume36en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i127634en_US
dc.subjectAnabolic steroidsen_US
dc.subjecttestosteroneen_US
dc.subjectergogenic aiden_US
dc.subjectbodybuildingen_US
dc.subjectcounterfeit drugsen_US
dc.titleCounterfeit Anabolic Steroids in Brazil: A Forensic Perspective on Quality and Risksen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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