Evaluation of Serum Adenosine Deaminase Levels as Diagnostic Marker in Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases
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Date
2024-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
International Society for Contemporary Medical Research
Abstract
Introduction: There is growing interest in developing biochemical tests that measure the body's metabolic reaction in tuberculosis (TB) infection. Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB can be diagnosed using these tests, which seems to be an appealing approach. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme involved in purine breakdown, is present in T lymphocytes . It has been shown that tuberculosis leads to elevation in the T lymphocytes and eventually causes an elevation in ADA activity. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of serum ADA concentration in detecting pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Methods and Materials: For this study, 336 patients in a variety of age groups who were admitted were chosen. In this investigation, 112 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis were considered. This study comprised 112 cases of extra- pulmonary TB in total. This study comprised 112 control volunteers who were matched for age and sex. 46 of them served as healthy controls for this study; they had a normal skiagram chest, no previous history of pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and no other chronic illnesses. This study includes 66 diseased controls with empyema, pneumonia, and cancer were included. ADA was calculated using a commercial ADA-MTB kit produced by Tulip Diagnostics (P) Ltd.'s MICROXPRESS division. Results: Mean Serum ADA concentration was 45.78�33 IU/L, 27.31�21 IU/L and 14.43� 1.84 in pulmonary TB participants, diseased controls and healthy controls respectively. Mean Serum ADA concentration was 44.74�12 IU/L, 29.95�64 IU/L and 14.42 �86 in extra pulmonary TB participants, diseased controls and healthy controls respectively. It was observed that serum ADA was significantly greater in pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB study participants as compared to disease controls and healthy controls. (p<0.05). The overall accuracy was 95.32% in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis. The overall accuracy was 94.16% in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis. Fischer exact revealed statistically significant diagnostic ability of serum ADA concentration in identification of pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB. Conclusion: Serum ADA concentration can be important diagnostic tool in identification of pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB.
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Keywords
Serum Adenosine Deaminase, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Citation
Omar Asia, Tabrez Md. Shams, Singh Sude Kumar, Kumar Ajit, Singh Shankar Dayal, Nafe Abu . Evaluation of Serum Adenosine Deaminase Levels as Diagnostic Marker in Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research. 2024 Jul; 11(7): 1-6