Introduction, transmission and aggravation of malaria in desert ecosystem of Rajasthan, India.

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dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Vinoden_US
dc.contributor.authorAdha, Sandeepen_US
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Himmaten_US
dc.contributor.authorSinghi, Manjuen_US
dc.contributor.authorDam, P Ken_US
dc.date.accessioned2006-12-21en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-06-02T15:51:26Z
dc.date.available2006-12-21en_US
dc.date.available2009-06-02T15:51:26Z
dc.date.issued2006-12-21en_US
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Malaria is an important public health problem in northwestern desert part of Rajasthan. Since desert malaria is seasonal or unstable, there is a need to study its epidemiology in the totality to address factors like how malaria is introduced into desert every year and what are desert-specific transmission risk factors leading to epidemics? METHODS: Twenty-six villages in irrigated, semi-irrigated and non-irrigated settings of the desert have been selected. Periodic investigations were undertaken in all the seasons from 2001 through 2002 to determine causes of introduction of disease, the factors involved in its transmission and the epidemic risk factors. Standard methods/procedures for mosquito collection, preservation and identification and for parasitological studies were employed. Rainfall data were analysed and correlated. Results: Importation of malaria infection through individuals was the major cause of introduction of disease in all the 12 villages showing some initial load of infection. Areas having higher population of cattle in relation to humans (human to cattle ratio of 1:25) had less transmission of disease (ratio of primary to secondary cases 1:3) as compared to relatively less cattle (human to cattle ratio 1:3) resulting into high transmission of disease with 1:47 ratio of primary to secondary cases. Introduced through migration, prospective transmission of malaria was observed as a resultant interaction of density of three components namely malaria cases, vector density and cattle to human ratio. Rainfall more than average when coupled with more cases of imported malaria leads to the eruption of malaria epidemics. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Importation of malaria cases was the major cause of seasonal introduction of malaria in the desert. This initial or primary parasitic load available in a village leads to a particular transmission quantum depending upon the density of vectors, human and cattle population at a particular time. Areas with more imported cases when coupled with profuse vector population lead to epidemic malaria situations in the desert.en_US
dc.description.affiliationDesert Medicine Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. vinodjoshi@dmrcjodhpur.orgen_US
dc.identifier.citationJoshi V, Adha S, Singh H, Singhi M, Dam PK. Introduction, transmission and aggravation of malaria in desert ecosystem of Rajasthan, India. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 2006 Dec; 43(4): 179-85en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118031
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.mrcindia.org/journal/en_US
dc.subject.meshAnimal Husbandryen_US
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen_US
dc.subject.meshAnopheles --growth & developmenten_US
dc.subject.meshCattle --parasitologyen_US
dc.subject.meshDesert Climateen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshIndia --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshInsect Vectors --growth & developmenten_US
dc.subject.meshMalaria --epidemiologyen_US
dc.subject.meshPopulation Densityen_US
dc.subject.meshRainen_US
dc.subject.meshRisk Factorsen_US
dc.subject.meshSeasonsen_US
dc.titleIntroduction, transmission and aggravation of malaria in desert ecosystem of Rajasthan, India.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.typeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ten_US
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