Minimally invasive surgery for thyroid eye disease.
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Date
2015-11
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Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) can affect the eye in myriad ways: proptosis, strabismus, eyelid retraction,
optic neuropathy, soft tissue changes around the eye and an unstable ocular surface. TED consists of two
phases: active, and inactive. The active phase of TED is limited to a period of 12–18 months and is mainly
managed medically with immunosuppression. The residual structural changes due to the resultant fibrosis
are usually addressed with surgery, the mainstay of which is orbital decompression. These surgeries are
performed during the inactive phase. The surgical rehabilitation of TED has evolved over the years: not
only the surgical techniques, but also the concepts, and the surgical tools available. The indications for
decompression surgery have also expanded in the recent past. This article discusses the technological and
conceptual advances of minimally invasive surgery for TED that decrease complications and speed up
recovery. Current surgical techniques offer predictable, consistent results with better esthetics.
Description
Keywords
Exophthalmos, Grave’s orbitopathy, optic neuropathy, orbit, orbital decompression, orbital fat, proptosis, thyroid eye disease
Citation
Naik Milind Neilkant, Nair Akshay Gopinathan, Gupta Adit, Kamal Saurabh. Minimally invasive surgery for thyroid eye disease. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015 Nov; 63(11): 847-853.