Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra, India: a cross-sectional study.
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Date
2016-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
Abstract
Background: The urban poor is a group that is known to be vulnerable to adoption
of a more urbanized lifestyle that places them at a higher risk for diabetes.
Individuals who are unaware of their disease status are more prone to micro- and
macrovascular complications. Hence, it is necessary to detect this large pool of
undiagnosed participants with diabetes and offer them early therapy. The aim of
this study was to use the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, developed by the Madras
Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF-IDRS), to assess the prevalence of people
at high risk for developing diabetes, and the correlation with known risk factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of the
urban health training centre of a private medical college in Pune, Maharashtra. A
total of 425 participants aged 20 years and above were screened for risk factors,
including age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes and physical activity.
Random testing of the blood glucose level of participants with a high risk score
was carried out using a glucometer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed
by using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of people at high risk of diabetes was 36.55%. Among
high-risk participants on univariate analysis, primary education (P = 0.004), lower
socioeconomic class (P = 0.002), less physical activity (P < 0.001) and high
waist circumference (P < 0.001) were major contributing factors, while in the
moderate-risk group, lower socioeconomic class and high waist circumference
were the prominent risk factors for diabetes. Multivariate analysis showed that
higher education, moderate to vigorous activity and high waist circumference were
significantly associated with risk status. Out of 140 high-risk participants, 68 (49%)
had a random capillary blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL or above.
Conclusion: As the prevalence of people at high risk for diabetes was high,
lifestyle changes and awareness regarding risk factors is needed to take control of
the diabetes in the study population.
Description
Keywords
diabetes, high-risk cases, prevalence, risk score, urban
Citation
WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 2016;5(1): 53-61.