International Journal of Scientific Study

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/157719

Editor-in-Chief: Dr.Swapnil Bumb
ISSN (Print): 2321-6379 (Electronic): 2321-595X

Frequency: Monthly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijss-sn.com/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 799

Color Stability and Staining Susceptibility of Nanohybrid Composite after Treatment with two Different Bleaching Agents: An in vitro Study
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-05) Simon, EP; Belaram, K; Raveendran, C; Mathews, N; Kurian, N.
Aim: The study aims to evaluate the color stability and staining susceptibility of the nanohybrid composite after treatment with two different bleaching agents - carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and Methods: The test materials included a nanohybrid composite, two bleaching agents, and a staining solution. Thirty-six disc-shaped specimens of the nanohybrid composite were fabricated and divided into the control group (no bleaching), group A bleached with carbamide peroxide, and group B bleached with HP. Specimens were then immersed in a tea solution over 3 h. The color of each specimen was measured and expressed by CIELAB system using a spectrophotometer, and the surface roughness was measured using profilometer. The color stability and surface roughness of groups A and B were compared with group C. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. A P = 0.05 or less was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Statistically significant difference in the surface roughness and significant discolouration were found in the samples treated with the two bleaching agents and the difference between the two groups were also significant. Conclusion: The home bleaching with 20% carbamide peroxide and the in-office bleaching with 30% HP showed a significant change in color stability and staining susceptibility of the nanohybrid composite.
Effectiveness of Glimepiride and Metformin Fixeddose Combination Therapy in Patients with Type 2Diabetes and Comorbidities
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-05) Joseph, K; Upadhyaya, MK; Rahul, RK; Gandhi, AP; Thakker, HH; Memon, SS; Pandey, JS
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and ?-cell dysfunction. Among available pharmacologic options, the combination of glimepiride, a sulfonylurea and metformin, a biguanide is widely used in India for its complementary mechanisms, enhancing insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity. The present study explores the clinical rationale, efficacy, safety, and real-world application of this fixed-dose combination in patients with T2DM, particularly those with comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. Clinical evidence supports its ability to lower fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c while improving lipid profiles and maintaining weight neutrality when appropriately dosed. A structured expert opinion survey conducted among Indian clinicians affirmed its widespread use, affordability, tolerability, and patient adherence. Most clinicians preferred a dose of glimepiride 1 mg with metformin 500 mg, citing consistent glycemic and modest lipid improvements, minimal gastrointestinal side effects, and cardiovascular safety. The fixed-dose combination was considered, especially valuable in polypharmacy settings due to improved compliance. Although its direct effects on blood pressure were minimal, the combination was effective in reducing overall cardiometabolic risk. Experts emphasized its role in both early and long-standing T2DM management. The findings underscore the practical utility of the glimepiride–metformin combination in real-world settings and highlight its relevance in the Indian healthcare context, especially in resource-limited environments.
Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of Pediatric Cancers in Central India: A Study of 189 Cases from a Government State Cancer Institute
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-04) Pathak, S; Anamika; Kumari, V; Mathrani, T; Lazarus, M
Introduction: Childhood cancer is an escalating public health challenge globally, with developing countries like India witnessing a higher incidence of pediatric cancers. Currently, pediatric cancers account for roughly 5% of the overall cancer burden and 10% of childhood deaths. Despite the growing significance, the true incidence of childhood cancers in regions such as Central India remains underestimated due to limited compliance with cancer registries and diagnostic challenges. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical spectrum, short-term outcomes, and survival patterns of pediatric cancer patients treated at our state-run tertiary care cancer institute in Jabalpur. The primary aims were to elucidate the demographic profile, analyze the clinical presentations, and determine disease-specific treatment outcomes among children and adolescents (aged 0–18 years) diagnosed with various malignancies. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-year period in the Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology at our tertiary care institute. Following informed consent, 189 pediatric and adolescent patients diagnosed with malignancies were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive clinical evaluations were performed, which included detailed history taking and physical examination. Diagnostic investigations comprised complete blood counts, peripheral blood smear analysis, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, along with advanced diagnostic modalities such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, molecular studies, and cytogenetics. Pediatric malignancies were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancers. All collected data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Patients received treatment based on standard protocols, which included chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery, and were subsequently monitored for outcomes such as remission, relapse, or death. Results: The analysis revealed that hematological malignancies were the most prevalent, constituting 58% of the total cases. Among these, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most common diagnosis with 72 cases, followed by acute myeloid leukemia with 27 cases. Lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s types, accounted for 8% of the cases. In the domain of solid tumors, neuroblastomas, Wilms’ tumor, and Ewing’s sarcoma were frequently observed, while central nervous system tumors and bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were less common. The age distribution indicated that leukemia predominated in children aged 2–10 years, whereas solid tumors were more common in older children and adolescents. Aclear male predominance was noted (59% males vs. 41% females). Outcome analysis demonstrated that 77.2% of patients were alive at the study’s end, while 12.1% abandoned treatment and 10.5% succumbed to the disease. Conclusion: The study confirms that ALL remains the most prevalent pediatric cancer in our region, underscoring a significant burden of hematological malignancies. There is an urgent need for enhanced awareness among healthcare providers and improved diagnostic facilities. Furthermore, increasing access to specialized pediatric oncology care and establishing robust cancer registries are critical for early detection and timely management. These measures are essential for improving survival outcomes and overall quality of care for pediatric cancer patients in Central India.
Management of Bucco-Palatal Placed Impacted Maxillary Canine: Case Report
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-05) Khan, MU; Rathi, VB; Shrunga, R; Paul, D; Chaudhary, G; Singh, P
Rationale: The management of impacted maxillary canines depends on several factors. Among all teeth, maxillary canines are frequently impacted after the lower third molars. If there is enough space for the canine to erupt, a simple crown exposure followed by orthodontic management may be sufficient. However, in cases where sufficient space is unavailable and the tooth is in an unfavorable position, surgical removal of the impacted canine may be necessary. Patient concerns: The patient reported pain in the upper right front region of the jaw. Diagnosis: Based on orthopantomogram and cone-beam computed tomography findings, a final diagnosis of Class lll maxillary canine impaction was made. Treatment: The clinicians in this study used buccal split and palatal pull-out methods to manage impacted canine. Outcomes: The method used proved to be successful in treating bucco-palatally impacted canines.
Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in a Hemophilia: A Patient
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-04) Mathew, S; Mishra, B.
Hemophilia A is the most common congenital bleeding disorder. It is a sex-linked disease caused by the deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Being an X-linked disorder, it occurs in males. Approximately, 250 cases of female hemophilia have been reported in the literature. The severity of hemorrhagic episodes correlates directly with the plasma FVIII concentration; mild being 5–40% of normal, moderate being 1–5% of normal, and <1% of normal is considered severe. Globally, the prevalence of cleft lip is 0.3/1000 live births. An unoperated cleft lip patient can have speech disorders, feeding difficulty, and can have psychosocial problems. The deficient coagulation factor needs to be administered perioperatively to ensure proper hemostasis and wound healing. Hemophilia is not an absolute contraindication for any reconstructive procedure.
Effect of Modafinil Administration on Viability of Random Pattern Skin Flaps on Rats
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-04) Mathew, S; Kumar, V; Mishra, B
Introduction: Flaps are routinely done procedures in plastic surgery practice. Distal ischemic necrosis limits the length of a random pattern skin flap that can be raised. Multiple pharmacological interventions have been used to increase flap survival. Modafinil is a non-amphetamine central nervous system stimulant that has anti-ischemic effects. This study is being done to answer the research question “Does Modafinil help in the viability of extended skin flaps?.” Objective: Primary objective: To evaluate the quantitative assessment of extended random pattern skin flap survival on the fifth post-operative day after administration of a single dose of modafinil in the immediate pre-operative period and those receiving modafinil in the immediate pre-operative period and for three consecutive days. Secondary objective: To evaluate the histopathological changes in the distal most part of the surviving flap. Methods: The study was conducted in the Plastic Surgery Department at King George’s Medical University. A total of 21 rats were included. Group I is the control group. Group II is the group that received a single dose of modafinil preoperatively, and Group III is the group that received one dose preoperatively and three doses postoperatively. On the 5th day, the biopsy was taken from the surviving flap edge. Results: Mean surviving flap area was 9.34 ± 0.53 sq. cm in Group I, 15.21 ± 1.13 sq. cm in Group II, and 17.19 ± 0.81 sq. cm in Group III. Inter-group comparison of the surviving flap area showed a significant mean difference with P < 0.001. The groups receiving modafinil showed mild-to-moderate inflammatory infiltrates as compared to the control group. Conclusion: We have found a significant decrease in the mean necrosed flap area of the extended skin flap area in the group receiving modafinil (14.79 sq.cm in Group II and 12.81 sq.cm in Group III) as compared to the control group (20.66sq.cm).
Unlocking Inner Peace: Benefits of Yoga in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder – A Randomized Controlled Trial
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-04) Shekhar, S; Shekokar, PP.
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly affecting cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. While pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments are standard, many patients experience incomplete remission. Integrative approaches like yoga, particularly Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY), have shown potential as adjunctive therapies for MDD. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of SKY as a complementary intervention in MDD by evaluating its impact on depression severity, anxiety levels, and quality of life. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 80 participants diagnosed with MDD, randomly assigned to either the SKY group (n = 40) or a control group receiving standard treatment alone (n = 40).** Depression severity (Hamilton depression rating scale [HAM-D]), anxiety (beck anxiety inventory, [BAI]), and quality of life (quality of life scale, [QOLS]) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: The SKY group showed a significantly greater reduction in HAM-D scores compared to the control group (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.20), indicating a large effect size. Quality of life improved significantly (QOLS, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.72). However, anxiety reduction did not reach statistical significance (BAI, P = 0.06). Conclusion: SKY is an effective and accessible complementary therapy for MDD, significantly improving depressive symptoms and overall well-being. While anxiety reduction was observed, further studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm its impact. Given its minimal cost and ease of practice, SKY may serve as a valuable adjunct to conventional MDD treatments.
An Analysis of Pediatric Round Cell Tumors Highlighting the Spectrum of Differential Diagnosis – A Single Center Experience and Systematic Review of Literature
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-05) Dhal, I; Lali, BS; Rai, H; Chowdhury, Z; Patne, S; Tripathi, P; Saha, S
Introduction: Pediatric round cell tumors (PRCT) are extremely aggressive tumors composed of similar histology comprising undifferentiated primitive cells with variable histogenesis. Differential diagnosis is challenging in these tumors and needs a holistic approach comprising histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A definite diagnosis is essential for therapeutic and prognostic implications. Aims: Analyzing the PRCT to outline an approach toward accurate diagnosis and exclusion of the close differentials. Materials and Methods: This is a 1-year retrospective study at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital over a period of 1 year, and it included PRCT cases without prior chemotherapy. Patient demographics and imaging data were collected, and tissue slides were reviewed for histomorphology and IHC, including tumor type, differentiation, and marker status. Results: In the study duration, a total of 121 cases of PRCT were reported with male preponderance and a mean age of 6.7 years. Wilm’s tumor was the most common PRCT, followed by Ewing’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Based on clinicoradiological correlation and histomorphological findings, a panel of markers such as CD99, friend leukemia integration-1, CD45, CD3, CD20, myogenin, MyoD-1, desmin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, AE1/AE3, WT1, CK19, epithelial membrane antigen, October 3/4 were applied. Based on immunohistochemical expression, an approach toward the diagnosis of PRCT was outlined. Conclusion: PRCTs are aggressive childhood and adolescent tumors with undifferentiated morphology and several close differentials. Diagnostic accuracy improves with IHC alongside histomorphology and clinicoradiological findings, whereas cytogenetic and molecular tests aid in challenging cases. Precise classification guides treatment decisions – chemotherapy, radiotherapy, resection, or targeted therapy, and informs prognosis.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Pupillary Mydriasis among Patients with Pseudoexfoliation in a Tertiary Care Center
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-04) Archana, G; Krishnamurthy, H; Yenepalli, R
Objective: This study aims to assess the pupillary mydriasis in Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) patients and their complications during cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: One hundred subjects with PXF amounting to 171 eyes with exfoliative material were involved in the study and were examined for pupillary mydriasis. The intra and post-operative complications were assessed in 60 eyes which were operated by manual small incision cataract surgery. Results: 41.6% of the operated cases had complications. The majority of them had poor mydriasis and floppy iris during the intraoperative period. Conclusion: A notable correlation was observed between the size of pupil dilatation and intraoperative complications.
A Retrospective Observational Study to Assess Functional Outcome of Closed Clavicle Fractures Treated with Locking Compression Plate Verses Elastic Intramedullary Nail
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-02) Rajnand, K; Sujeet, HK; Suresh, C.
Purpose: This retrospective observational study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of displaced mid-shaft clavicular fractures treated with different types of implants. Materials and Methods: The data of 60 patients between 18 and 60 years of age who were operated for clavicle fracture were included in this study. These patients had been either operated with elastic intramedullary nail (EIN) or 3.5 mm pre-contoured locking compression plate (LCP). Data of clinical and hospital records were assessed for comparing functional outcome in both groups. Results: LCP fixation offered better functional outcome in the early post-operative period but on long-term follow-up disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand score and Visual Analog Scale score of both groups were comparable. The nail group united early, required less operative time and had less complications. Conclusion: EIN is a minimally invasive surgical technique with fewer complication, achieves early union, required less operative time, and had comparable functional outcome in long term follow-up, which can be regarded as an alternative to plate fixation of displaced mid-shaft clavicular fractures.
Clearing the Air: A Comprehensive Review of Tobacco Cessation Strategies and Interventions
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-02) Agarwal, S; Gupta, R; Agarwal, A; Pandit, S.
Cessation of tobacco remains a critical global health priority to reduce the burden of preventable diseases and deaths. A multidisciplinary and individualized approach, integrating behavioral and pharmacological support, is emphasized as essential to achieving long-term abstinence and reducing global tobacco prevalence. Tobacco Cessation is a crucial public health priority, as quitting significantly reduces health risks and improves quality of life. This review provides an examination of tobacco cessation strategies, including behavioral therapies pharmacological treatment. Emerging technologies, such as mobile health applications and telehealth services, have further expanded access to cessation support. The review concludes with recommendations for enhancing accessibility, sustainability, and the efficacy of tobacco cessation programs worldwide.
In Hospital Complications Developing in Patients Administered Tocilizumab and Steroids for Management of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia, Noble Hospital, Pune
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-03) Kashiva, R; Prasanna, RT; Rao, A; Patil, D; Mane, D
The management of severe COVID-19 pneumonia has posed a significant challenge worldwide, with healthcare systems struggling to handle the influx of patients requiring intensive care. Various treatment strategies, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs like tocilizumab (TCZ) and steroids, have been deployed in efforts to reduce the hyper-inflammatory response that characterizes severe COVID-19, especially the cytokine storm, which can lead to tissue damage, multi-organ failure, and death. TCZ, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors, has been extensively studied for its potential to mitigate the immune system’s excessive response. IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and by inhibiting its action, TCZ aims to decrease inflammation and prevent progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Similarly, steroids, particularly dexamethasone, have been used to suppress the immune system, control inflammation, and prevent lung damage. When combined, these treatments have shown to improve survival rates and reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. Despite their benefits, the use of TCZ and steroids is not without risks. In settings like Noble Hospital in Pune, complications arising from these treatments have been observed, particularly increased susceptibility to infections. TCZ, by suppressing the immune response, can elevate the risk of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, including mucormycosis. Steroid therapy can also cause side effects such as hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and prolonged infections. Prolonged steroid use may contribute to muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and delayed wound healing. Noble Hospital adopts a comprehensive strategy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia, emphasizing continuous monitoring, early infection detection, and managing steroid side effects. The medical team collaborates to adjust treatments, ensuring therapeutic benefits outweigh risks while prioritizing patient needs and safety.
Coronavirus Disease: Encounter Pandemic in The Future or Perhaps Sooner? In A Bird’s Eye View
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-03) Jose, J; Raju, F; Panamareddy, B; Das, R
Over the past decades, numerous new diseases, such as the Ebola virus, Zika virus, and Nipah virus, have emerged in various regions. In 2002 and 2012, viruses causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome surfaced in East Asia and the Middle East, respectively. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, now known as the cause of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite implementing preventive measures, the global rates of morbidity continue to rise. COVID-19 has also induced anxiety and mental health challenges in both affected individuals and the general population. Medical professionals, including maxillofacial surgeons and dentists who handle procedures involving bodily fluids, face significant risks of exposure to and infection from COVID-19. Dental surgeons, in particular, have had to adapt their practices during the pandemic, as they continue to manage critical conditions, such as oral malignancies, trauma, and facial space infections. Establishing standard operative protocols is essential to safeguard both healthcare personnel and patients during treatments. This review emphasizes recommendations for prioritizing patients and outlines strategies to better address similar pandemics in the future.
Chlorpheniramine and Phenylephrine in the Management of Common Cold and Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-02) Jog, P; Kumar, YS; Bhadra, B
The common cold, a prevalent viral respiratory illness, affects the upper respiratory tract and is frequently caused by rhinoviruses. Characterized by symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and cough, the common cold is particularly burdensome for young children who experience multiple episodes annually. Allergic rhinitis, although less common, also presents with similar symptoms triggered by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to allergens. Management of these conditions typically involves symptomatic relief using antihistamines, decongestants, and analgesics. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), a first-generation antihistamine, and phenylephrine, a nasal decongestant, are commonly used to address symptoms of both conditions. Recent restrictions in India limit the use of fixed-dose combinations of CPM 2 mg and phenylephrine 5 mg/mL oral drops in children under 4 years. However, oral drops containing CPM 1 mg and phenylephrine 2.5 mg/mL have been found effective and welltolerated in infants and young children. Studies have shown significant reductions in symptom severity with minimal adverse effects, supporting their use in treating pediatric colds and allergic rhinitis. This review discusses the efficacy, tolerability, and recommended dosing of these oral drops, emphasizing their role in symptom management while highlighting the importance of cautious use and monitoring for potential side effects.
Enteric Duplication Cysts: Variations in Presentation and Management
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-01) Sikerwar, E; Chandrashekar, V; Zameer, M; Rajan, CS
Enteric duplication cysts (EDC) are rare congenital malformations that are formed during the embryonic development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They can be present anywhere along the GIT and hence give rise to their varied presentations. The aim of this study is to observe the varied presentations of EDCs and different modalities of treatment available for the same. This is a single institution case series analysis where six cases of EDCs that presented from January 2018 to January 2023 are being retrospectively analyzed. This study concludes by stating that every case of EDC should have an individualized approach and curative management can be done with surgical resection either through an open or the more advanced minimally invasive laparoscopic or thoracoscopic approach to avoid immediate and long-term complications.
Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Prevalence, Complications and Outcome in a Neonatal Unit in Southern Nigeria
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-01) West, BA; Aitafo, JE.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), the most common endocrine disorder in pregnant women, is a known cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Purpose: In view of the still high morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, this study was done to ascertain the prevalence, complications, and outcomes of these babies. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 years in the neonatal unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results: Of 643 infants admitted, 67 were infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) giving a prevalence rate of 10.4%. Males predominated 37 (55.2%). Most presented in the 1st 2 h of life 43 (64.2%), had a mean birth weight of 3.41 ± 0.69 g, and were delivered at a mean gestational age of 37.72 ± 2.02 weeks. Most mothers had gestational DM 59 (88.1%) with diagnosis made mainly in the 2nd trimester 38 (76.0%). The most common complication in these infants was hypoglycemia (52.5%) followed by probable neonatal sepsis (50.8%), and hyperbilirubinemia (44.1%). There were no deaths. Complications occurred more frequently in infants whose mothers had fair/poorly controlled blood sugar levels during pregnancy, although not statistically significant. Random blood sugar level was significantly lower in infants whose mothers had fair/poorly controlled blood sugar. Conclusion: The prevalence of IDMs was 10.4% with zero mortality. The most common complications were hypoglycemia, probable sepsis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Early diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy, prompt commencement of appropriate treatment, and public awareness campaigns would lead to maternal good glycemic control thereby reduce perinatal/neonatal complications and mortality
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Prosthodontists in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Regarding Dynamic Navigation for Implant Placement – A Questionnaire Survey
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-03) Surya, NG; Venkatakrishnan, CJ; Narasimman, M; Yogesh Kumar, M.
Introduction: Dynamic navigation, one of the most recent advancements, may enable surgeons to place implants with precision comparable to stereolithographic guidance based on 3D, prosthetically driven designs. Nowadays, guided, full-arch, immediatefunction therapy for the edentulous and terminally dentate patient is easier to administer and more predictable because of the development of intraoral surface scanners and computer-aided design/computer-aided milling. Aim: To investigate prosthodontist’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about dynamic navigation for implant placement. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among prosthodontists who are practicing in various dental clinics, hospitals, and dental institutions in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry after obtaining ethical approval from the Institute Ethics Committee (IEC/TDCH/74/2024). The questionnaires were distributed through online platforms, email, and WhatsApp. The questionnaire consists of 28 questions, such as 12 knowledge, 10 attitude, and six questions in practice which were framed after content validation. The participants were given a reasonable timeframe to complete the survey. Based on the confidence level (95%) and relative precision (5%), the sample size was estimated to be 180. Results: The knowledge of the prosthodontist was found to be better than the attitude and practice related to dynamic navigation. Conclusion: Dynamic navigation aids implant surgeons in obtaining accurate outcomes for implant site preparation. Therefore, further knowledge about dynamic navigation can be improved by conducting various workshops that help in the ease of implant placement approach.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pubic Symphysis and Sacroiliac Joint after Vaginal Delivery in Comparison with Cesarean Delivery in the First Postpartum Week in Primiparous Women
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-01) Sanjay, K; Nilesh, G; Vishal, J; Juhi, S; Netam, SBS; Jyoti, J
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the changes in the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in primiparous women who delivered vaginally versus those who had a cesarean section within the first postpartum week using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A total of 52 healthy women were prospectively evaluated with MRI 3 days after delivery. The cohort included 26 women who delivered vaginally (mean age 33.2 ± 4 years) and 26 who underwent cesarean delivery (mean age 35.2 ± 5.6 years). Parameters assessed included bone marrow edema (location), joint fluid, joint space width, and stress fractures. Results: There was no significant difference in mean height between the two groups (vaginal vs. cesarean delivery: 150.46 ± 5.62 cm vs. 150.31 ± 5.62 cm, P = 0.740). Similarly, mean weight was comparable between groups (vaginal: 52.24 ± 7.41 kg vs. cesarean: 51.82 ± 6.49 kg, P = 0.398), and the mean body mass index was 22.62 ± 2.95 kg/m² for vaginal delivery and 22.57 ± 2.52 kg/m² for cesarean delivery (P = 0.895). The mean gestational age at delivery did not differ significantly between groups (38 ± 1 week vs. 39 ± 1.57 weeks, P = 0.277). The mean birth weight was 2.90 ± 0.29 kg in the vaginal delivery group and 2.77 ± 0.37 kg in the cesarean delivery group (P = 0.14), which was also not significantly different. The incidence of pubic bone marrow edema was higher in the vaginal delivery group (23/26, 88.4%) compared to the cesarean group (17/26, 73.1%), though the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, one patient in the vaginal delivery group had a sacral stress fracture. Conclusion: The study showed a slightly higher occurrence of bone marrow edema in the pubic bones and SIJs following vaginal delivery, compared to cesarean section, though the difference was not statistically significant. This finding supports the hypothesis that even women who undergo planned cesarean deliveries may experience stress-related changes in the pubic and SIJs due to pregnancy, with vaginal delivery exhibiting a marginally higher incidence of these changes.
A Novel Prosthetic Approach of a Complex Bilateral Maxillectomy Defect – A Case Report with1.5-Year Follow-Up
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2025-01) Bhatt, S; Simre, SS; Gupta, E; Kaur, R; Rodda, R; Sowki, N.
As a post-COVID complication, many immune-compromised patients were diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis due to mucormycosis and underwent surgical debridement, resulting in mid-facial defects. These defects lead to speaking, deglutition, mastication difficulty, and esthetics. Bilateral unconnected maxillary defects are uncommon; however, prosthetic rehabilitation of such defects, achieving retention, stability, and esthetics is challenging. This case report explains how to achieve retention and stability of the prosthesis by engaging the favorable undercuts of the defects and the mid-palatal hard tissue with the help of a customized acrylic Cu-sil connector, fabricating a complete denture above the Cu-sil connector, and obtaining adequate retention and stability of the prostheses. This innovative approach improved the patient’s phonation, mastication, deglutition, esthetics, and quality of life with 18 months of follow-up
Saccharomyces boulardii: An Efficient Yeast Probiotic for Pediatric Gut Dysbiosis Management
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2024-08) Reddy, AD; Parija, A; Madhavi, B; Madhav, SV; Shalini, B; Sreenivasulu, M; Venkatswami, P; Reddy, TRK; Gopal, SH.
The human microbiome, comprising diverse microorganisms across body surfaces, profoundly influences host physiology, metabolism, and nutrition. Dysbiosis, an imbalance within gut microbiota, triggers health issues such as inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and obesity. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms known for their health benefits, when used correctly, hold promise for managing dysbiosis. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and immunobiotics have demonstrated efficacy in addressing gut dysbiosis. Among these supplements, yeast-based probiotics such as Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 demonstrate significant benefits over bacterial alternatives. Yeast cells, being larger and more resistant to digestive enzymes and bile than bacterial cells, serve as a barrier against pathogens and possess immunomodulatory properties, enhancing gut health. S. boulardii CNCM I-745, with its unique features such as pathogen binding, immune stimulation, and toxin neutralization without genetic transfer, notably mitigates antibiotic resistance risk. It effectively prevents antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pediatric acute gastroenteritis compared to bacterial probiotics, endorsed by the international guidelines for managing acute diarrhea safely. In addition, oral probiotics may aid microbiota restoration and potentially prevent other diseases.

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