National Journal of Community Medicine

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149650

Executive Editor: Dr. Prakash Patel

ISSN: 0976-3325(Print)

Frequency: 4 issues a year

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.njcmindia.org/home/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 344

Effect of Physical Exercise on LVEF, Health-Related Quality of Life and Other Cardiopulmonary Parameters in Heart Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Gupta, B; Gupta, K; Goel, R; Mittal, A.
Introduction: This study aims to determine the effect of high-intensity physical exercise on various cardiopulmonary parameters and HRQOL in heart disease patients. Methodology: We searched databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar using the PRISMA checklist to find research publications between year 2004 and 2024. R software 4.3.0 was utilised to perform the meta-analysis, and Cochrane’s ROB tool 2.0 was employed for the quality appraisal. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results: 22 articles in this meta-analytic study discovered that there was a substantial difference in the two patient groups' LVEF [2.41, (?1.29; 6.12), p<0.01], resting systolic [-2.24, (?4.77; 0.29), p=0.87] and diastolic BP [0.28, (?1.34; 1.89), p=0.53], resting heart rate [-1.54, (?6.11; 3.03), p<0.01], peak oxygen uptake [1.13, (?0.36; 2.61), p<0.01], and HRQOL including physical [4.00, (?4.29; 12.29), p<0.01], mental [2.19, (?0.50; 4.87), p=0.01], emotional [1.67, ( ?2.34; 5.68, p=0.46) and social components [4.33, (0.23; 8.42), p=0.69]. Conclusion: In addition to improving LVEF, HRQOL, cardiac function, and peak oxygen uptake, cardiac rehabilitation training lowers the risk of CVD and lengthens life expectancy, all of which should be encouraged in the therapeutic context.
Factors That Influence the Incidence of Retained Placenta in Maternity Women in Kanekes Village, Baduy Tribe, Indonesia
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Idealistiana, L; Savitri, M; Lestari, MA; Rabiah; Ashar, ASO.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that one of the causes of bleeding is retained placenta. Retained placenta accounts for 2-3% of maternal deaths in developing countries. Various factors, including maternal, uterine, and retention factors, influence placental retention. The study aimed to determine the factors affecting the incidence of retained placenta in mothers giving birth in Kanekes Village, Baduy Tribe, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This research uses an analytical survey method with a case-control design. There were 27 cases of placental retention experienced by women who gave birth vaginally. The researcher created the data collection format sheet instrument himself. The statistical test used is the chi-square test. Results: The relationship between age and the incidence of retained placenta from 54 respondents was obtained from the chi-square statistical test on the age variable with a p = 0.010 <0.05 value. The relationship between parity and the incidence of retained placenta (p = 0.04). However, non-significant results were found in the relationship between birth assistance and the incidence of retained placenta (p = 0.750). Conclusions: The results show a relationship between age and parity factors and retained placenta incidence. However, in the birth assistance variable, the results show no relationship between birth assistance factors and the incidence of placental retention.
Relation Between Energy Intake and Obesity or Overweight in Childbearing Age Woman: A Scoping Review
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Siswati, T; Ainiyyah, AZN; Afifah, H; Sitasari, A.
Background: Obesity is a problem that affects public health all over the world, and the prevalence of obesity among women is twice as high as it is among males. The objective is to discuss the prevalence of obesity or overweight among women of reproductive age. Methods: We use a scoping review method using academic journals published from 2018 to 2023. The literature was searched using electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed. We make use of the following search terms: overweight or obesity, prevalence or incidence, childbearing age or early adulthood, and either Indonesia or Asian. A total of 173 research was identified and 9 research was included in this review. Results: The study highlights the link between dietary patterns, particularly fast food, and obesity among childbearing age women. It emphasizes the importance of maternal dietary choices in young adulthood to reduce maternal obesity, hypertension, and CVD. Combining these parameters can provide a more comprehensive assessment. Conclusions: Food selection is crucial for women and young adults to prevent obesity and NCDs, requiring education, awareness campaigns, maternal health support, and early intervention, especially in low-income countries.
A Study of Psychological Distress Among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Kashmir
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Bashir, A; Najar, SA; Ahmed, S; Shakeel, A; Jan, M; Altaf, M
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, was previously thought to be an endocrine condition. Research has now demonstrated that polycystic ovarian syndrome affects a patient's quality of life and is a metabolic, hormonal and psychosocial condition. Women's joys are disrupted by PCOS because the stigma attached to hyperandrogenism is strongly felt and may harm women's psychological development. Methods: The aim of the study was to comprehend the psychosocial problems experienced by women in Kashmir and to obtain a thorough understanding of the coping mechanisms employed by women with PCOS. The research design was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Thematic analysis was used to derive themes from the data. Sampling was purposeful in nature. Results: The study underscores that women with PCOS encounter numerous difficulties encompassing social and psychological aspects. Psychological issues like mood swings, stress, anxiety and sleeping disorders are prevalent among women with PCOS. Furthermore, the research has revealed that menstrual disorders significantly contribute to depression in women. The study also highlights a connection between infertility and psychological problems. Conclusion: In conclusion, the research underscores the multifaceted challenges faced by individuals with PCOS. Therefore, understanding these issues is crucial for developing effective coping mechanisms and improving the quality of life for women dealing with PCOS.
A Study of School Absenteeism During Menstruation Amongst Adolescent Schoolgirls in An Urban Area of North India
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Nabilal, Patavegar B; Ahmad, S; Hassan, SB; Ahmad, A; Tiwari, PK
Introduction: WHO has defined adolescence period as the phase of life between childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to estimate the percentage of girls absent from school during menstruation, investigate the underlying causes of this absenteeism, and determine the association between school absenteeism and various factors. Methods: In present community-based study, 473 school going adolescent girls studying in 9th to 12th standards were selected by multistage stratified random sampling method. We selected 3 private and 3 government schools. Adolescent girls were interviewed by pretested, predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Results: The mean age of the students was 16.64 ± 1.4 years. 29.2% participants were absent from school during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea was the most prevalent reason for school absence, quoted by 51(37%) of the participants. In present study positive association between school absenteeism and various socio-demographic factors like the type of school, socioeconomic status, mother's education level, access to hygienic menstrual products and health education was observed. Conclusion: Nearly one-third of the girls were absent in school during menstruation. The main reasons for school absenteeism reported by girls were dysmenorrhea, mother's restrictions, fear of staining cloth and difficulty in changing pads in school.
Restriction of Mobile Phone Usage at Bed Time: Effect on Sleep Quality, Mood and Cognitive Function
(Medsci Publications, 2024-10) Sivagurunathan, P; Vaithilingan, S; Vinothkumar, R
Introduction: Mobile phones are integral to modern life, but excessive use, particularly at night, can lead to disrupt well-being. Limiting mobile phone use before bedtime may improve individual well-being. This study aimed to evaluate whether restricting mobile phone use at bedtime enhances sleep quality, mood, and cognitive function. Methodology: Undergraduate students from a selected engineering college were assessed for bedtime mobile phone use. Sixty-eight students were chosen via simple random sampling. A self-reported questionnaire including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale evaluated sleep quality, mood, and cognitive function before implementing restrictions. The "Lock My Phone" app was used to enforce these restrictions. Post-intervention assessments were conducted on the 15th and 30th days. Results: Before the intervention, all students reported poor sleep quality, 80.8% had reduced positive affect, 91.1% experienced high negative affect, and only 23.5% had normal cognitive function. Significant improvements were observed in sleep quality, mood, and cognitive function post-restriction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Restricting mobile phone use before bedtime significantly improved sleep quality, mood, and cognitive function among undergraduate students.
Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions in Managing Glycated Haemoglobin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Qasim, Abbas Khyoosh Al-Eqabi; Shatha, Mahmood Niazy; Radhi, MM.
Background: Digital health interventions, such as mobile apps and wearable devices, have emerged as potential tools to help individuals manage glycemic control. By comparing the outcomes of participants using digital health tools with those following traditional methods of diabetes management. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of digital interventions on Managing Glycated Haemoglobin control. Methodology: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted at the Babylon Diabetes and Endocrinology Center/ Iraq. Participants were selected based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assigned to either the intervention or control groups through randomization. The intervention group received a medication management app specifically designed for smartphones. Data were collected over six months through three tests and analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: The study found no significant difference in HbA1c levels between the intervention and control groups during the pre-test period. However, significant differences emerged at both post-test I (after 3 months) and post-test II (after 6 months), with the intervention group showing a significant decrease in HbA1c levels from pre-test to both post-test I and post-test II. Conclusions: The study underscores the need to use digital health interventions in diabetes management to improve the quality of patient care. Decision-makers can improve the quality of blood sugar control and overall health by keeping up with such smart applications.
Impact of Smoking on All-Cause Mortality in Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular and Thoracic Procedures: A Prospective Observational Study
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Jan, H; Ram, C; Bhat, MA; Ganie, FA; Singhal, M; Seenivasan, P; Arora, M.
Introduction: Tobacco smoke is the primary cause of illness and death in today's society, and cigarette smoking (CS) remains a substantial health risk. The primary goal of this study was to assess the extent of smoking among adult Kashmiri patients who had undergone cardiovascular procedures and to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in this population. Methods: A prospective evaluation was conducted on 143 patients who underwent various thoracic and cardio-vascular procedures. With the use of a common, validated questionnaire, data was collected. The investigation utilized Cox proportional hazards regression to explore the associations between smoking and overall mortality, incorporating adjustments for non-communicable diseases, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle variables. Results: In total, 36.92% (95% CI: 1.54%–1.71%) of people were smokers, with men having a considerably greater prevalence than women (85.42%, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95 vs. 14.58%, 95% CI: 0.08–0.4). The age group of 33–63 years old had the highest rate of smoking prevalence (77.08%). Additionally, the multivariate logistic regression showed that men were substantially more likely than women to smoke (aOR 0.39, 95%CI: 0.28-0.21). A higher odds ratio indicates high cause of smoking. Conclusions: The chance of mortality from daily smoking increased as the intensity of smoking increased. Consequently, persistent tobacco use is linked to a notably increased likelihood of mortality from any cause. Tobacco smoking necessitates a long-term plan of care. It should be treated with the same rigor as other health risks.
Public Health Concerns in The Gaming World: Investigating Association of Insomnia and Neck Disability
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Purushothaman, VK; Ramalingam, V; Ahmed, A; Subbarayalu, AV; Subramaniam, A; Ameer, M; Krishnan, Vasanthi R.
Background: Extended electronic devices used for video games can harm adolescent health. Therefore, this study investigates the association between neck pain severity and Insomnia and between sociodemographic variables and neck disability among video gamers in the Malaysian adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted. 325 active video gamers were selected via snowball sampling. Neck pain severity and disability were measured with Numerical pain rating scale and Neck disability index, respectively. Insomnia is assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 at a significant level of 5%. Results: Of the respondents, 48.6% experienced severe neck disability with 50.5% were classified as moderate insomnia. Furthermore, there is a significant association between neck pain severity and Insomnia in video gamers (p<0.05). In addition, sociodemographic variables (gender, age, BMI, type of occupation) exhibit a significant association with neck disability (p<0.05). Conclusion: About half of the participating video gamers who suffered from moderate neck pain and disability had moderate clinical Insomnia. There is a significant association between the severity of neck pain and insomnia, as well as between sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, BMI, occupation and neck disability among video gamers in the Malaysian adult population.
Effectiveness of M-Health in Improving Physical Activity: An Indian Perspective
(Medsci Publications, 2024-01) Arora, V; Mishra, SS; Sahoo, J; Gupta, M; Joshi, A; Bajaj, K; Joshi, V; Joshi, N.
Aims: The aim of the study was to provide an articulated body of literature on assessment and consultative exercises of m-health advances in physical activity from an Indian perspective. Settings and Design: Scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005) and thereafter consultative exercises were performed. Subjects and methods: We searched the electronic databases and available grey literature from last 10 years. PRISMA flowchart for the study selection process was used to guide reporting. Data extraction included information on study design, authors, year of study, location and key findings on assessment of m-health advances in physical activity from an Indian context. Data were compiled and summarized narratively. Results: Total 9 studies were selected for the final review out of 24 review articles searched. Scoping review revealed that six studies measuring physical activity with an accelerometer or pedometer and three studies used Smartphone applications for physical activity promotion. Actigraph Accelerometer, was the most popular tool and pedometer was considered as feasible and effective tool for monitoring physical activity. Stakeholder consultation exercises have indicated that mobile health apps play a valuable role in enhancing accessibility to physical activity resources, promoting behavior modification, and fostering continued user engagement. However, there is a consensus among stakeholders that these apps would be even more beneficial if they provided users with constructive feedback and personalized recommendations. Conclusion: This review highlights how mobile health interventions promote physical activity. However, limited evidence calls for further research in the Indian context.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Associated Factors Among the Adult Tribal Population in Tamilnadu, India
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Kalaivanan, R; Sundaram, P; Logaraj, M; Anantharaman, VV; Leon, N
Background: Diabetes is increasing at alarming rate among Indians especially South Indians with prevalence of diabetes mellitus varying in populations of different regions. There are very limited data available among the tribals. A cross?sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in an adult tribal population. Methodology: A total of 425 peoples were selected using multi-stage random sampling techniques. A modified STEP-wise questionnaire was used and detailed interview was conducted with the participants aged above 30 years. Random blood sugar and Body mass index (BMI) were estimated for all the participants. Chi-square and Adjusted Odds-ratio was used to study the strength of association. Results: Prevalence of diabetes was 7.8% (33) among the study participants and 92.2% (392) of them were non diabetic. Among diabetic 21.2% (7) were newly diagnosed, 33.3% (11) of them had diabetes between 1-5years, 21.2% (7) have diabetes between 5-10 years and 24.3% (8) of them had diabetes more than 10years. Increasing Age, Education, Physical-inactivity and Obesity showed a strong association with diabetes. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes and the burden of lifestyle risk factors for diabetes have been observed to be 7.8% among tribal populations in this study setting. Effective strategies to prevent this have to be devised.
Prevalence and Predictors of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Attending Tertiary Care Hospital, Jammu, India
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Bala, J; Kumari, R; Gupta, RK; Langer, B; Mahajan, R; Zaffer, I.
Background: Postpartum depression refers to non-psychotic depressive episode that begins immediately after childbirth. Although delivering a baby is a happy event but many females develop depressive symptoms. About 13% of postpartum women experience a mental disorder, primarily depression worldwide. The aim is to estimate the prevalence of Postpartum depression among the mothers and to determine the association of Perceived Social Support, socio demographic and other obstetric variables with Postpartum depression. Methodology: The study was conducted among the Postpartum mothers attending the immunization section of a Tertiary care hospital, Jammu, India. Tools used are- Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). SPSS software was used to analyse the data. Results: Prevalence of Postpartum Depression was found to be 16.1%. Variables like residence, occupation, h/o domestic violence, family h/o mental illness, eventful antenatal period, h/o hospitalization of baby, unwanted parenthood and low social support emerged to be independent predictors of Post Partum depression. Conclusions: Postpartum mothers particularly those, who were having poor social support are highly vulnerable to depression. Every postpartum mother should be screened for postpartum depression and timely referred to the psychiatrists. Also, family members need to be counselled.
Understanding the Mental Health of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Real and Reel Life
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Kolla, S; Rao, SN
Child sexual abuse is a widespread issue that has social implications for the victims' mental health. The child sexual abuse is a widely spread manifestation of trauma leaving the victims with immense and long-term mental effects. This review paper introduces CSA and how individuals who went through it are psychologically impacted. By looking at a real-world example of how this happens, we get to explore the many struggles and challenges that CSA survivors face, and also highlight the ways in which they manage to cope with the traumatic experiences they have gone through. Furthermore, this review draws attention to both the resonant and possible distortion of CSA in public discourse by contrasting these real-life tales with representations in popular media (reel-life case studies), such as literature and film. This review seeks to delve deep into the minds of CSA victims and acquires information on how their mental health is affected. The synthesis of research findings and personal narratives is to gain more insight into the tragic mental health outcomes of CSA victims and to appreciate the importance of support and intervention in their healing process.
Risk Factors Dengue Fever in an Endemic Area in Sikka, Indonesia; A Case-Control Study
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Erwin, ASN; Noor, NN; Wahiduddin; Arsin, AA; Ishak, H; Junus, AJ
Background: Dengue fever is a serious health problem that burdens public health and the economy. The aims to analyzing the risk factors for dengue fever in endemic areas in Sikka Regency. Methodology: This research uses a case control study design with a ratio of 1:1. Cases are families whose members were diagnosed with dengue fever based on positive dengue NS1/IGM laboratory results (132). Controls are families whose members do not suffer from dengue fever coming from the same group as cases (132). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression in the STATA application. Results: The total number of cases was 132 cases, (51%) male, with the majority in the 5–15-year age group (39.3%). House Index (62.5%), Breteau Index (386%), Container Index (49.93%), ABJ (37.5%). Multivariate analysis of variables that were risk factors were knowledge (AOR 2.48; 95% CI, 1.128- 4.928), habit of hanging up used clothes with value (AOR 2.93; 95% CI, 1.292 - 6.688), habit of storing water. in open containers (AOR 2.53; 95% CI, 1, 257- 5.090), residential density (AOR 2.20; 95% CI, 1.153 – 4.229), and the dominant risk factor is larval density (AOR 13.97; 95% CI, 6.793 – 28.735) with a probability (96.8%) of causing dengue fever. Conclusions: Behavioral factors that influence the incidence of dengue fever are knowledge, attitude, the habit of hanging up used clothes, the habit of storing water in open containers, and the habit of not draining water containers regularly, while wearing long-sleeved clothes and the use of medication have no influence on the incidence of dengue fever.
Early Menarche and its Possible Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Region of Karnataka, India
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) T, S; Nagalla, B.
Background: Early menarche has emerged as a significant global concern due to its myriad health implications. Divergent findings characterize existing research on its determinants, prompting the necessity for this study to elucidate the discordance among them and to broaden the spectrum of predictors of early menarche. The primary objective of this study is to determine the mean menarcheal age and to study the influence of various factors, including socio-demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle habits, on the onset of menarche in our study population. Methodology: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study carried out in the southwestern region of Karnataka between 2016 and 2017. A total of 700 high school girls aged between 14 and 16 years were recruited for the study via a simple random sampling technique. Results: The mean menarcheal age was found to be 12.67 ± 1.19 years, with 33% experiencing it before the age of 12. Factors accelerating menarche included high BMI, excessive exposure to audio-visual media, lack of exercise, non-vegetarian diet, and late sleeping habits, as determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Findings emphasize the significance of monitoring menarcheal trends and identifying modifiable factors influencing its onset. There is a need for educational programs focusing on the holistic health of girls.
A Case-Control Study on Effect of Rotavirus Monovalent G9P[11] Vaccination on the Severity of Diarrhoea in Children Aged 2-24 Months in Indonesia
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Koda, F; Zulkifli, A; Leida, Maria I; Salmah, AU; Mallongi, A.
Background: In Indonesia, rotavirus monovalent G9P[11] vaccine is the first rotavirus vaccine implemented through a government program and has never been evaluated. Makassar City is one of the 21 cities targeted for the introduction of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia. Aims/Objectives: To determine the association between rotavirus vaccination and the severity of diarrhoea in children aged 2-24 months. Methodology: Facility-based Case-Control Study design was conducted at Daya and Paramount hospital in Makassar City in January-February 2024. A total of 180 respondents participated (90 cases and 90 controls). The sampling method used was non-probability sampling, specifically the consecutive sampling technique. Data were analysed using the logistic regression test in Stata version 14. Results: Rotavirus vaccine status AOR = 4.25 (CI95% 1.82-9.90); P = 0.001. Not receiving the vaccine compared to receiving a partial dose of the vaccine COR = 4.03 (CI95% 1.79-9.16); P = 0.0002. Not receiving the vaccine compared to children receiving the full dose of the vaccine COR = 12.70 (CI95% 4.87-34.12); P = 0.0000. Duration of vaccine administration COR = 4.32 (CI95% 1.66-11.23); P = 0.0006. Conclusions: The rotavirus vaccine status was significantly associated with the severity diarrhoea in children aged 2-24 months.
Characteristics of the COPD Patients for the Implementation of the Smartphone Application for the COPD: An Implementation Study
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Verma, A; Behera, A; N, R; Islam, M; Vaishali, K; Sinha, MK; Aditya, Jayaraj; Singh, AK; Verma, PK.
Background: This study provides us an opportunity to discuss about the development of a smartphone enabled Home based Self-management application for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective: To summarize the baseline characteristics of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients recruited in present study. Methods: A single centered prospective non-randomized study has been conducted to implement the self-management application among 166 patients. Patients were matched based on gender and Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Smartphone application was provided to the intervention group and instructions were given to them. Results: The mean age of participants was 58.02 years in which more than half were male, more than 80% were married, almost one-third were educated up to class 10th, more than 65% have disease duration between 3 to 8 years, equally distributed for Grade 2 and 3 and two third were ex-smokers. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score was 40.20 and 39.74, Clinical COPD Questionnaire score was 3.89 and 3.86, COPD Assessment Test score was 23.65 and 22.74 in intervention and control group respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between the group. Conclusion: The findings of present study provide a vital context for the follow-up results of the evaluation study.
Cardiovascular Risk Screening in A Rural Area in India and Markov Modelling for Cost Effectiveness
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Newtonraj, A; Kannan, KS.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of death in India. This study aimed to assess the CVDs risk factors in a remote rural area and its cost effectiveness Markov Model. Methods: Community based screening for known Hypertension, Diabetes and both were done. Basic Demography, health status assessment, Basic health related serum and blood analysis were done. Markov Modelling was done to assess the Cost effectiveness of the screening programme. Results: There were 7% of the participants having CVD risk of more than 40%, 3% with 30 to 40% risk, 11% were with 20-30% risk, 22% were with 10-20% risk and 57% were with less than 10% risk. In the higher risk group (>40% risk) participants with both ‘HTN and DM’ were having higher risk (11%). Participants with higher age, Female, Illiterate, Anaemia, lower per-capita income, both HTN and DM, smokers, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypothyroidism, and CKD were having higher CVDs risk of >40%. Markov analysis for active screening was shown to be highly cost-effective with the ICER value of INR 78730 per one unit of Quality Adjusted Life Year (QUALY) gained. Conclusion: Cardiovascular Diseases risk is higher among HTN and DM patients in the rural community in India. The screening and management at the community level are highly cost effective.
Self-Medication with Antibiotics Among Out-Patient Attendants Prior to Medical Consultation at A Tertiary Care Hospital - A Cross-Sectional Study
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Umayorubhagom, A; Nair, GG; Jayaseelan, O; Baliga, SS.
Introduction: One of the greatest threats to global development and public health is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ability of bacteria and other microbes to resist the drugs used to inactivate them is known as AMR. According to estimates, bacterial AMR caused 4.95 million fatalities worldwide in 2019 in addition to directly causing 1.27 million deaths. Methodology: In this cross-sectional descriptive study using convenient sampling method, 422 out patients were recruited from the tertiary care hospital in our district between December 2023 and March 2024. We inquired about sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for self-medicating with antibiotics. Results: 353(83.6%) patients were self-medicating due to previous successful use of antibiotic. 122(28.9%) believed that antibiotics are used to treat all infections. 80 (18.95%) participants in the age group of 36- 44 years were self-medicating with antibiotics
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) And Activity of Daily Living (ADL) in the Elderly Population of Urban Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
(Medsci Publications, 2024-09) Rajan, A; N, A; Mary, Peter R; M, L; Anantharaman, VV.
Background: Improving the quality of life for India's increasing senior population is a pressing public health issue. The proportion of seniors has risen from 5.6% in 1961 to 8.6% in 2011 and is projected to reach 12.5% by 2030, escalating further to 20% by 2050. The study aimed to explore how functional status relates to various HRQOL dimensions among urban elderly in Chengalpattu. Methodology: This cross-sectional study includes 260 elderly participants from Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Short Form 36 (SF-36) assessed six domains of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), while the Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) tool evaluated functional status. Results: Primary education stands out as the most common educational background at 49.2%, the majority of females at 55.4%. Daily living participants' activities fall into three categories: independent (n = 134; 51.5%), partially dependent (n = 111; 42.7%), and dependent (n = 15; 5.9%). The ADL and HRQOL ratings showed strong relationships Conclusion: The study underscores how declining ADL adversely affects multiple HRQOL aspects in the elderly, emphasizing the imperative of preserving functional health to enhance seniors' quality of life in India. Targeted interventions to maintain their independence and overall well-being are crucial amid the growing elderly population.

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