International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149644

Chief Editor: Dr. Bhaven Kataria

Print ISSN: 2319-2003 (Print)

Frequency: 6 issues a year

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijbcp.com/index.php

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 2058

Effectiveness and safety of daily versus alternate-day rosuvastatin dose in dyslipidemic patients: a prospective, randomized and open-label study
(Medip Academy, 2025-02) Dafda, A; Singh, NR; Chhabra, A
Background: Dyslipidemia is considered to be an important risk factor for development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins, also called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are considered to the most effective lipid lowering agents. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of daily versus alternate day dosing regimens of rosuvastatin in dyslipidemia patients. Methods: This study was conducted for a period of 12 weeks. Study subjects comprised patients of either sex in age group 18-65 years diagnosed with dyslipidemia and a total of 90 subjects completed study who were randomly distributed to three groups, A (rosuvastatin 10 mg daily), B (rosuvastatin 10 mg on alternate days) and C (rosuvastatin 20 mg on alternate days). Results: Rosuvastain significantly lowered total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides in all groups (p<0.001). High density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased, but non-significantly (p>0.05). Intergroup differences were not statistically significant. Group A reported slightly more adverse events than group B and group C. Conclusions: Alternate-day rosuvastatin therapy showed effectiveness statistically similar to the daily dose therapy in dyslipidemic individuals. It also exhibited fewer side effects, suggesting it could be a feasible approach for managing dyslipidemia, providing a more economical and potentially safer alternative to daily administration.
Assessment of risk factors, complications and treatment patterns of diabetic patients in India
(Medip Academy, 2025-02) Mayabhate, M; Kapure, N; Sharma, A.
Background: Early identification of risk factors and comorbidities is essential for optimizing treatment strategies in diabetes. The diabetes in India (DIAB India) study aims to evaluate risk factors, glycemic status, comorbidities, and initial management choices in newly diagnosed T2DM Methods: A retrospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted with a large cohort of 19,230 patients pan India. Data was collected from patient health records and meticulously stored into a standard format. Demographic data (age, gender, weight, height, risk factors, and blood pressure), clinical presentation (family history, complications, glycemic indices, and comorbidities), and choice of management were recorded and used for analysis. Results: Obesity and family history were most common risk factors for T2DM and were significantly correlated with its severity (p<0.001). The most common comorbidity was neuropathy (59.8%) followed by nephropathy (27%) and CV events (25%). Obese patients have higher mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 8.4%, fasting blood glucose (FBG) (160 mg/dL), and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) (233.6 mg/dL) compared to non-obese. Both single and combination therapies led to significant improvements in HbA1c (Single: pre- 7.47, post-6.87; Combination: pre-8.26, post-7.13), FBG (Single: pre-138.94, post-118.89; Combination: pre-161.21, post-128.2), and PPBG (Single: pre-200.88, post-163.83; Combination: pre-235.10, post-177.87) levels after treatment, with combination therapy showing greater reductions across all markers (p<0.001). The improvement in glycemic control was greater in patients who followed dietary advice (p<0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and family history were the most common risk factors contributing to diabetes in the newly diagnosed Indian patients. The comorbidities usually associated with diabetes are identified as neuropathy and cardiovascular conditions. While dietary measures are not widely used, significant improvement in glycemic status is reported using pharmacotherapy (monotherapy or combination). Choice of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments should be tailored to patient preferences, demographics, comorbidities, age, and other factors.
Is intervening inflammatory pathways a way to treat type 2-diabetes
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Pareek, A; Nikam, S; Akolekar, R
Over the past few decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has rapidly increased. Cardiovascular kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome commonly arises from excessive or defective adipose tissue or combination of both. Proinflammatory mediators secreted by dysfunctional adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue damage kidney, heart and artery tissues. Excessive storage of fatty acids disrupts the endocrine functions of adipose tissue, resulting in ectopic fat accumulation that induces lipotoxicity, thereby promoting low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in the liver. Systemic inflammation and IR are exacerbated by the onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is well established that low grade inflammation plays an important role in T2D and its associated microvascular complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and macrovascular complications like atherosclerosis. Accelerated atherosclerosis predisposes to cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of mortality in these patients. Till date, various anti-inflammatory drugs have been tried in the setting of chronic disorders such as T2D and CVD (cardiovascular diseases). But too selective targeting may not have produced the desired outcomes. Multiple inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD and T2D, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a broad anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrates beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and is the only DCGI approved anti-inflammatory drug for T2D. Due to pleotropic benefits, HCQ has the potential of reducing prediabetes for diabetics, has antidiabetic properties and also reduces complications of diabetes, most importantly, CVD associated with T2D.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of erythropoietin and darbepoetin for treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients: a comparative, observational and prospective study
(Medip Academy, 2025-02) Shah, BK; Bhat, WH; George, J; Ramaiah, B
Background: Anemia is a common prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is predominantly managed with erythropoietin and darbepoetin. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of erythropoietin injection versus darbepoetin for treating renal anemia amongst patient with CKD. Methods: Patients of either gender diagnosed with anemia due to CKD, irrespective of dialysis who had haemoglobin less than 12g/dl were included in the study. Comparison of efficacy and safety of erythropoietin and darbepoetin was done based on the laboratory values of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), haematocrit (PCV) and adverse events respectively. Results: A total of 108 patients met the inclusion criteria; 54 of them were treated with erythropoietin and 54 were treated with darbepoetin. The changes in Hb, RBCs and PCV in the group of patients who were on erythropoietin were 1.16, 0.49 and 3.76 respectively. Similarly, the changes in Hb, RBCs and PCV in the group of patients who were on Darbepoetin were 1.19, 0.42 and 3.52 respectively. The differences in the changes of Hb, RBCs and PCV in the both groups of patients were 0.04, 0.07 and 0.24 respectively. A total of 4 adverse events (HTN, vomiting, headache and joint pain) were reported by 24 (44.44%) patients of erythropoietin group and a total of 1 adverse event (HTN) was reported by 19 (35.19%) patients of darbepoetin group. Conclusion: Both erythropoietin and darbepoetin were found to be equally effective and safe for the treatment of anemia in CKD patients.
A comprehensive review on acarbose in glycaemia control: current insights and future prospects
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Singh, AN; Patel, MI; Shah, KR; Unadkat, V
This comprehensive review examines the part of acarbose in glycaemic control, particularly in managing Glycaemic control among type 1, and also type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, works by delaying carbohydrate (carb.) digestion in the small intestine (SI), thereby preventing sharp postprandial blood glucose (BG) spikes. This mechanism of action is crucial for maintaining stable glycaemic levels (lvl.s) and reducing HbA1c, which is vital in preventing long-term diabetes complications. The review highlights recent clinical studies that demonstrate acarbose’s efficacy and safety profile, including its minimal systemic absorption and tolerability across diverse patient populations. Additionally, it explores the potential of acarbose in combination therapy with other antidiabetic agents (ADAs), emphasizing its complementary effects in enhancing overall glycaemic control. Furthermore, the discussion addresses emerging trends, ongoing research, and future directions for acarbose in diabetes management, underscoring its significance as a valuable tool in therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.
Clinical insights and management strategies in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Arewar, A; Dhankikar, S; Besekar, S; Bhosle, M; Besekar, D
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction typically triggered by stressors, presents diagnostic challenges resembling acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This comprehensive review synthesizes diverse triggers (stress, illness, therapies), diagnostic complexities (variability in criteria, imaging modalities), and management strategies (supportive care, tailored medications). Despite favourable outcomes with reversible ventricular dysfunction, heightened risks in specific cohorts (e.g., malignancies, post-PCI) underscore the need for refined diagnostic criteria and optimized therapies. Prospective studies are essential to enhance understanding and management of TCM, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patient care.
The role of probiotics in managing premenstrual syndrome: insights into beneficial bacterial strains
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Priyadharshini, R; Subhashini, R.
Premenstrual disorders (PMDs), encompassing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), affect a significant number of women globally. Despite various hypothesized causes like hormonal shifts, serotonin imbalances, and lifestyle factors, the precise etiology remains unclear. Recent research emphasizes the crucial role of the gut microbiota in influencing mental and physical health, particularly through the gut-brain axis, which facilitates neuroendocrine communication. The gut microbiome's impact on endocrine, metabolic, and immune systems is significant, linking variations in gut microbiota diversity to conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and metabolic disorders. Probiotics, known for modulating gut microbiota, show promise in managing PMDs and primary dysmenorrhea by influencing microbial diversity, metabolite profiles, and inflammatory pathways. Studies indicate that certain probiotic strains regulate cytokine production, enhance immunological tolerance, and may alleviate symptoms of hormone-related disorders. Traditional treatments for primary dysmenorrhea, including NSAIDs and hormonal therapy, often have adverse effects and limited efficacy, making probiotics a safer and potentially more effective alternative. Further research is essential to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of probiotics. However, current evidence suggests they could significantly improve women's reproductive health, reduce premenstrual symptoms, and offer a novel approach to managing primary dysmenorrhea, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected women.
Cosmetovigilance: a review and practice in India
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Sahu, S; Singhal, A; Bhardwaj, A
Cosmetovigilance is a rapidly expanding area of research under pharmacovigilance in India. This study analyses the cosmetic consumption practices and associated adverse drug reactions reported by particulars. According to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA), cosmetics are defined as ‘article for beautification, cleansing or altering physical appearance’ (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018). The consumption of personal care products (PCP) has been rising for quite a while in passing decades which something has to do with physical appearance in the community globally which directly gave rise to emergent of cosmetic industries. Their continuous exposure could lead to significant accumulation in the body and for several adverse health outcomes which can appear as redness, scales and blisters, marking to no visible changes whereas major manifestation can range up to loss of hair, fragile nails and contact dermatitis. Data suggest hair dye is one of the leading causes for contact dermatitis in India. Counterfeit cosmetics is fraudulent or imitation beauty products that are designed to mimic genuine and reputable brands. These counterfeit products are often produced and distributed without the authorization or approval of either original brand or regulatory bodies. Impurities such as high level of heavy metals (lead, cobalt cadmium, mercury and aluminium) are reported in many cosmetics products (lipstick, lip glosses, eye shadow and hair dye) while they pose peculiar health threats like hand dermatitis, asthma and infertility, which is common among hair and saloon technicians.
Evaluating undergraduate understanding of dental anatomy, histology and oral pathology: a survey-based study
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Khanam, W; Anjum, R; Vijay, P; Singh, P; Pardhe, ND; Jehan, A
Background: Dentistry is a progressive field of medicine focused on studying, diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases and disorders of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. While an understanding of anatomy and histology is crucial for dental practice, dental students often view oral histology, oral anatomy, and oral pathology as less important for their careers and more difficult to grasp. However, a deeper knowledge of this subject enhances comprehension and aids in the diagnosis and treatment of cases. Still, there remains a gap in understanding and interest among students. This may be partly attributed to the perception that these subjects are non-clinical and offer limited opportunities for practical application. The study aims to assess undergraduate students' comprehension of dental anatomy/histology and oral pathology and identify specific areas where they encounter difficulties connecting with the subject matter. Methods: This question-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the institute, and it included 116 undergraduate students. Results: The Chi-square analysis revealed several significant associations between the academic year of students and their responses to questions related to oral pathology, dental anatomy, and forensic odontology. Conclusions: The quality of education must be upheld, with a focus on creating a nurturing and supportive learning environment. This can be achieved through gathering student feedback and continuously refining the curriculum.
Drotaverine induced urticaria: a case report
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Babu, H; Asia, AJ; Sontakke, SD; Bachewar, NP
Drotaverine belongs to the hydroisoquinolone class of drugs. It is an effective antispasmodic drug used in the symptomatic treatment of various conditions such as GI diseases, biliary dyskinesia and smooth muscle spasms. There are a very few hypersensitivity reactions reported with this drug. Drotaverine induced cutaneous lesions is a very rare adverse effect and one such occurrence is discussed here. Diagnosis is a clinical one, made usually on the basis of knowledge obtained by medical history and physical examination.
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and its impact on glucose homeostasis: results of a prospective observational study
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Rangshoo, A; Parveen, S; Shah, NA; Qurieshi, MA; Iqbal, U; Immad, S
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) being the commonly used medications in various gastrointestinal diseases, and were so far considered as most tolerated and safe medications with few, mild adverse effects associated with their use, but of late there have some concerns emerged on their long-term use and the one important observation is their impact on glucose homeostasis. Aim of the study was to measure the dysglycemic potential of proton pump inhibitors by estimating blood sugar and HbA1c at baseline, 6 months and 1 year follow up in patients put on long-term PPIs. Methods: 150 patients of both the sexes, aged ?18 years and diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia or ulcer dyspepsia were included in the study. Patients excluded from the study were those who didn’t consent for their inclusion, known cases of diabetes, any liver or renal disease, pregnant ladies and the ones who were on medications like NSAIDs, steroids or any other hormone. Results: Mean age of the studied subjects being 41.5±14.6 years with the male: female ratio of 1.1:1. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 24.5±2.7 kg/m2. Prevalence of hypertension and hypothyroidism and hypercholesterolemia among the participants was 36%, 34.7% and 36.7% respectively and 18% participants had family history of diabetes. Conclusions: The conclusions that can be drawn from the presents study are that in patients undergoing long-term more than 12 weeks treatment with PPI, there is a significant increase in overall blood glucose parameters, as measured by fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin.
A prospective cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, and perception on the mechanism of action of drugs among 3rd year MBBS students at Kurnool Medical College
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Reddy, HP; Gunampalli, R; Madanapalli, VR; Pusuloori, R; Venuturu, LK
Background: Recent times have witnessed the emergence of many new drugs and drug combinations due to the technological advances targeting personalized therapeutics. Proper knowledge and understanding on mechanism of action of prescribing drugs is essential to avoid complications like drug-drug interactions, adverse drug effects, antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure and financial burden on the patient and nation as well. It is the need of the hour to impart adequate knowledge to the medical undergraduates on mechanism of action of drug. Methods: A prospective, cross sectional, observational study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) on mechanism of action of drug among 3rd MBBS students, Kurnool Medical college, Kurnool. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to assess the KAP using Google forms. Results: A total of 240 google forms were analyzed. According to Bloom’s taxonomy, the mechanism of action of Aspirin and Statins was correctly known to 92.9% and 80.8% of students, respectively. The use of albuterol in the treatment of asthma and use of proton pump inhibitor in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease were known to 65.0% and 76.7% of students respectively. 25.4% students only know the mechanism of action of metformin. 68.8% of the students strongly believe that the mechanism of action of drug is very important to prescribe drugs by the physicians. 45.8% of students strongly agreed that good understanding of mechanism of action of drug would help in future practice for better patient outcomes. Conclusions: It is essential to revise and have peer group discussions periodically to memorize and update themselves about the mechanism of action of both the established and new drugs. Various teaching methods like small group discussions, self-directed learning (SDL), integrating teaching, OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) and role play can be utilized effectively to make learning interesting, interactive and more productive.
Drug prescription pattern in asthma in a tertiary care hospital in South India
(Medip Academy, 2025-02) Sethumadhavan, S; Parvathy, KK; Sulaiman, SP
Background: Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, affecting millions of individuals is a global health concern. It necessitates long-term management for optimal outcomes. impacting therapy costs and patient’s compliance. This study was done to analyse current prescribing trends in the management of asthma patients. This study examines current asthma treatment trends to enhance patient care and disease outcomes. Methods: This is an Observational cross-sectional study conducted at Government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha between October 2019 to September 2022. All patients clinically diagnosed with or a previously known case of asthma between 18-60 years of both sex attending the outpatient department of Pulmonary Medicine who gave consent for study were included. Data was collected by interviewing and from the patients OP card using a prestructured proforma. Data collected included patient details, allergy and smoking history, comorbid conditions, drugs prescribed for asthma along with dose, route and frequency of administration, concomitant medications, diagnostic tests if any. Results: Out of 200 asthma cases, 119 (59.5%) were females. The mean age was 43.95±10.62 years. 21 patients (10.5%) were smokers. 57 (28.5%) patients had an allergic predisposition. Hypertension n=48 (24%) was the most common comorbidity among the patients. A mean of 3.05±1.52 drugs per prescription. Out of 609 drugs prescribed, 450 (73.89%) drugs were from the National list of essential medicines (NLEM) and 366 (60.09%) drugs were from the WHO essential list. A combination of LABA with ICS was the most common drug given in 121 (60.5%) patients followed by Glucocorticoids 101 (50.5%) and PDE-inhibitor-Deriphylline 74 (37%) patients. Antibiotics was prescribed in 43 (21.5%) patients. 164 (82%) patients received a combination therapy. Out of the 609 drugs prescribed, 334 (54.8%) were oral followed by inhalational route 264 (43.3%). Conclusion: Study demonstrates the variability of drug utilization in asthma patients. The rising significance of PPMS (Prescription pattern monitoring studies) stems from heightened marketing of new medications, shifts in prescribing patterns and drug consumption, escalating worries regarding delayed adverse reactions, drug costs, and prescription volumes.
Influenza: under complications and management, mention needs to be made of secondary bacterial infection and its treatment
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Bari, MAA.
This review explains the complications and the management of influenza, focusing on their secondary bacterial infections. It outlines the types of influenza viruses, transmission, and vaccination. It outlines the different secondary infections that may arise after an influenza infection; hence, one considers the bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. It emphasizes the need for timely diagnosis and proper management, which would involve the use of antibiotics, antifungal agents, or antiviral drugs depending on the infection. It further advises on prevention techniques, which involve vaccination and proper hygiene of hands to avert the incidence of secondary infection. From the discussion above, this document has identified a wide précised account of the complications and management approaches with influenza and its complicating secondary infections.
Effect of melatonin in amelioration of piroxicam induced liver and renal oxidative stress in rats
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Vivek, HS; Rajendra, SV; Harshitha, N; Jyothi, Y; Jothi, A
Background: Piroxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, induces oxidative stress affecting liver and kidney function. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, may mitigate this damage through its free radical-scavenging and tissue-protective properties. Methods: The piroxicam-induced oxidative stress model was used to evaluate the amelioration effect of melatonin at two doses (10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg BW). The changes in the physical, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the serum, liver and renal tissue oxidative stress markers, the histopathological changes and insilico docking of melatonin with various oxidative stress marker were also studied. Results: The blood serum and tissue stress markers in the rats receiving piroxicam was considerably higher than those in the normal control (p<0.05). Pre-treatment with melatonin at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg resulted in a substantial amelioration in tissue oxidative stress as compared to the control group. Other than lipid peroxidation, which exhibited a significant (p<0.05) plunge when compared to the piroxicam treated group, the serum liver and renal comprehensive metabolic panel profile was significantly reduced. In the pre-treatment group, the level of total protein contents likewise increased. Further it is confirmed from the histological studies that the pre-treatment of melatonin group's liver and kidney show less tissue damage than the piroxicam-induced group, and the histo-architectural of hepato-renal cells gradually recovered and in silico docking study of melatonin with oxidative stress maker shown potential interaction with high binding energy. Conclusions: It can be concluded that pretreatment of melatonin is effective against piroxicam- induced liver and renal oxidative stress in the Wister rats.
A study of awareness of generic drugs amongst residents and intern doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Surat city
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Patel, KH; Banzal, N; Hingorani, SK; Desai, A
Background: As defined by WHO generic drug is “a pharmaceutical product which is intended to be interchangeable with an innovator product that is manufactured without a license from the innovator company and marketed after the expiry date of the patent or other exclusive rights”. They are made with the same active substance as the non-generic drugs which are already authorized and approved for their safety, efficacy and quality before getting licensed. Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 115 residents and intern doctors. Awareness and knowledge about generic drugs were checked using pre-validated questionnaire which was followed by an educational intervention and post-questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using MS-excel. Results: The 94 participants voluntarily responded. As per the result of pre-test many participants were not aware of the difference between generic and branded drug, but after conducting educational intervention, increase in knowledge about generic drugs, branded drugs, safety, efficacy, availability and regulation regarding prescription of generic drug was seen. In post-test, 98.94% believed that generic drugs are cheaper than branded drugs and 95.74% agreed that generic drugs are as safe as branded drugs, while 97.87% believed increasing awareness regarding generic drugs will increase acceptability of generic drugs. Conclusions: The reasons for opting branded drugs were lack of awareness regarding efficacy, safety, acceptability and availability of generic drugs. Periodic training program would help in clearing doubts, enhance the prescribing of generic drugs and reduce the health expenditure and economic burden.
Study of prescription pattern of topical antimicrobials used for eye infections in ophthalmology
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Khan, MP; Khandelwal, PN; Kishore, C; Singh, A
Background: The use of topical antibacterial medicines for the treatment of patients with infections in the eye has various advantages with some disadvantages. After literature search, I was unable to find a larger number of articles on eye infections, so I selected this study in this particular area. Methods: It was observational cross-sectional study; 270 patients were enrolled who visited the Ophthalmology OPD with a diagnosis of eye infections. Results: The mean age±SD were 39.53 (±16.30). The 40.37% patients were suffering from conjunctivitis. The most commonly prescribed dosage forms were eye drops 38.58% and eye ointment 30.37%. The medicines prescribed by generic name were 37.47% and by brand name 62.52%. Conclusions: Total drugs prescribed were 451. Price variation of drugs is calculated by comparing the price of generic vs. branded drugs.
A prospective study on optimizing arrhythmia management in a tertiary care hospital
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Ahimahemmanuel; Ahmed, T; Ramaiah, B.
Background: Arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF), significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality, especially in older adults. Effective management is essential to reducing stroke risk and improving outcomes. However, real-world treatment often deviates from guidelines, raising concerns about care consistency. This study aims to identify prevalent arrhythmias, assess stroke risk, examine the relationship between arrhythmias and age, and analyze prescription patterns of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and anticoagulants in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 50 patients diagnosed with arrhythmias. Data were collected through structured interviews using the arrhythmia-specific questionnaire in tachycardia and arrhythmia (ASTA) and medical records. Prescription patterns were analyzed using the Vaughan-Williams classification system. Results: Atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate (AF with FVR) was the most common arrhythmia (44%). A significant 88% of patients had a severe stroke risk based on the CHAD? scale. Beta-blockers were the most prescribed AADs (45.59%), with amiodarone being the most common (30.88%). Heparin (37.68%) and aspirin (28.99%) were the leading anticoagulants. Conclusions: The findings highlight AF’s high prevalence and associated stroke risk in older adults. While prescription patterns align with guidelines, the reliance on Amiodarone necessitates careful monitoring. Greater adherence to guideline-recommended newer oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is needed to optimize outcomes.
Evaluation of anxiolytic effect of aqueous extract of Garcinia indica seeds using open field test
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Rane, P; Kewlani, A; Verma, R; Bhalerao, S; Nayak, U; Mahadkar, P
Background: Anxiety is a common psychiatric condition frequently encountered in medical practice. While benzodiazepines like Diazepam are widely used as anxiolytics, they come with long-term adverse effects. Garcinia indica (Kokum), a natural herb, is believed to have anxiolytic properties without these drawbacks. This study aimed to evaluate its anxiolytic potential as a safer alternative. Method: Wistar albino rats (n=32) were divided into four groups (8 per group) and administered orally with distilled water (0.5 ml), Diazepam (1 mg/kg), Garcinia indica (1.75 gm/kg), and Garcinia indica (3.5 gm/kg), respectively. Anxiety was assessed using the open field test, measuring parameters like the number of lines crossed, central square entries, rearing, grooming, immobility, and urination. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results: Both doses of Garcinia indica and Diazepam significantly increased central square crossings and improved behavior such as rearing, grooming, and immobility. However, Garcinia indica did not significantly affect urination or number of lines crossed compared to the control. Diazepam significantly reduced number of lines crossed compared to Garcinia indica (3.5 gm/kg). Conclusion: Garcinia indica demonstrated significant anxiolytic effects comparable to Diazepam, suggesting its potential as a safer alternative for anxiety management.
Evaluation of antibiotic utilization pattern in indoor patients of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital of central India
(Medip Academy, 2025-06) Kumawat, S; Dudhgaonkar, S; Uike, P
Background: Understanding prescribing patterns is vital to address irrational antibiotic use, a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate antibiotic prescription practices among hospitalized patients and examine the presence of an antibiotic stewardship program in a tertiary care hospital. The findings may aid in developing stewardship initiatives to promote rational antibiotic use. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from March 1 to August 30, 2024, at Government Medical College and Hospital, Gondia, Maharashtra. Data were collected using WHO prescribing drug indicators and analysed using SPSS Version 25. Results: The mean difference in final and initial serum creatinine values were observed to be 0.32 and 0.52 with a standard deviation of 0.228 and 0.387 in AM and GM group respectively. This difference was statistically significant with p value of 0.007. The mean difference in final and initial creatinine clearance values were observed to be 18.82 and 24.76 with a standard deviation of 10.14 and 11.93 in AM and GM group respectively. This difference was also statistically significant with p value of 0.013. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 9 out of 50 patients (18%) in AM group out of which 12% were male and 6% were female whereas in case of GM group nephrotoxicity occurred in 16 out of 50 patients (32%) in which 26% were male and 6% were female. Conclusions: Prescribing patterns deviated from WHO indicators, with high empirical use. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and increasing microbiological testing are essential to improve antibiotic practices.

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