Journal of Medical Sciences and Health

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158209

Editor: Dr. Vijay Shankar S
ISSN: 2394-9481 (Print); 2394-949X(Online)

Frequency: Triannually

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://jmsh.ac.in/

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 129

Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Diagnostic Conundrum
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Mukherjee, M; Era, N; Mukherjee, S.
Primary breast sarcomas are rare constituting <1% of all breast malignancies. These histologically heterogeneous non-epithelial aggressive neoplasm arises from the connective tissue within the breast and have a high tendency of recurrence even after excisional biopsy. Therefore, it necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to modify the overall prognosis and mortality. To throw light on this entity, we here report a few cases that presented as huge lumps in the breast and were missed in fine needle aspiration cytology. Each case was followed by modified radical mastectomy and was diagnosed as sarcoma of the breast confirmed by immunohistochemistry without any history of previous breast disease and radiation
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Parapharyngeal Space: A diagnosis on Intraoral Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Review of Literature
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Khade, S; Chaudhari, S; Bhatkule, M; Gadkari, R.
Parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms are relatively rare. Pleomorphic adenoma in the PPS can arise from the deep lobe of the parotid, however those arising de novo are extremely rare. Diagnosis and management of PPS lesions can be difficult due to the anatomic complexity of the space. A 47-year-old female came with swelling in the form of a bulge in the oral cavity on the right submandibular region. An intraoral fine needle aspiration cytology done from the mass revealed features of a benign salivary gland lesion, favouring Pleomorphic adenoma, which was confirmed on histopathology. Pleomorphic adenoma of PPS are rare tumors. FNAC along with careful clinical examination and radiological correlation can prove to be an imperative tool in diagnosis of PPS tumors and can aid in the appropriate management of these tumors.
Cervical Papillary Adenofibroma: A Rare Case Report
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Shrivastava, A; Soumya, BM; Chandrashekar, HR; Nandi, SS; Ahamed, PS.
This study presents a rare instance of cervical papillary adenofibroma, a benign biphasic neoplasm originating from glandular and fibrous tissue, occurring in a 43-year-old female patient. Most common site is the endometrium. Papillary adenofibroma arising from the cervix is an infrequent entity. Uterine adenofibromas were first described by Ober in 1959 as a form of mixed mesodermal tumor. Cervical adenofibromas was first described by Abell in 1971. Both the stromal and epithelial components are benign. Grossly, adenofibroma present as a papillary, polypoidal or sessile lesion that may protrude into the endocervical canal with cut surface showing multiple cysts imparting it a spongy appearance. Microscopically, they have a nodular surface with a lobulated papillary configuration. The tumor may recur if incompletely excised. Adenosarcoma and adenomyoma are important differential diagnosis. The clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, gross appearance, microscopic architecture, and management strategies are elucidated in this case report. Emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment, this case report underscores the importance of recognizing and managing such infrequent cervical tumors. Through this case report, our aim is to contribute to the existing medical literature on cervical papillary adenofibromas, shedding light on its clinical characteristics, diagnostic nuances, and management modalities for the benefit of clinicians and researchers encountering similar cases.
Inhalant Abuse in a Teenager with Depression: A Case Report
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Vaibhavi, PS; Shivakumar, BK.
Substance use disorders are of rising concern in the current world with trends towards adolescents owing to various developmental changes occurring during this age group. Though alcohol and smoking are commonly studied substance use disorder, inhalants which are easily available are under reported as addictions. The case report presented elaborates the inhalant use disorder by sniffing petrol in the adolescent since 2 years who initially presented with medical complication with pervasive low mood history accounting to persistent depressive disorder. Patient showed improvement in both reduction in inhalant use and decreased low mood on treatment with antidepressants. Screening for inhalant use disorders in adolescents is emphasized for early diagnosis and management of the cases.
An Outcome Study of DERFs Managed by Close Reduction & Immobilization Vs Close Reduction by Intra Focal Pinning (Kapandji Technique)
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Jha, P; Kumar, R; Yadav, S; Singh, S; Quidwai, SA.
Objective: The study is aimed at comparing the outcome of management of DERFs by close reduction and immobilisation by POP cast (CRIPOP) vs. close reduction and immobilisation by intrafocal pinning (K-wire), Kapandji technique. Material and method: 80 patients with DERFs (Frykman I&II/AO23AR) aged 19–68 years, both sexes, and sides (left or right) of involvement were studied at the Department of Orthopaedics, HIMS, Sitapur (U.P.), India, after getting clearance from the institute's ethical committee. The individual's identification, history, clinico-radiological evaluation (pre- and post-op), and follow-up were recorded in a pretested proforma. A standard protocol of pre- and post-operative care and physiotherapy was followed by all patients, irrespective of group. Results: To assess the functional outcome, cases were followed up at 6 weeks, at the time of removal of POP, at 12 weeks, and at 24 weeks. The objective assessment was done on parameters like wrist movement, i.e., palmer/dorsiflexion, radial/ulnar deviation, wrist/finger stiffness, supination, and pronation in forearm functions. The functions were compared with other limb functions. Subjective parameters such as pain, ADL, and work-related activities (satisfaction level) were also taken into account. The difference in distribution among groups was insignificant. Other than a pinhole infection and finger stiffness, there was no significant complication. Conclusion: CRIPOP was found to be an equally better option of treatment methodology in respect of functional outcome at 6 months in extra-articular (Fryman types I and II) or AO/OTS (23A2 and 3). The limitation of the study is the small number of cases and parameters to compare.
Adult Testicular Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Rare Case Series
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Ailani, S; Raghava, M; Sethi, N; Vijaywargiya, M.
To evaluate the clinicopathological profiles of patients presenting with testicular lymphomas. In our study from February 2020 to August 2023, 6 rare cases of testicular non hodgkin’s lymphomas were diagnosed in a three and a half year period and were divided based on primary or secondary involvement. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on all cases and results were compared based on clinicopathological profile. The mean age was 57 years. Most common presenting complaint was unilateral or bilateral testicular swelling, associated with pain in some cases. B symptoms were present only in one case. Out of 6 cases, 3 showed primary involvement and 3 were secondarily involved. On applying IHC, 3 cases were diagnosed as Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), Non-Germinal Centre subtype and 3 as DLBCL, Germinal Centre subtype.Testicular lymphomas are rare highly malignant tumors and pose a strong diagnostic difficulty for both clinician and pathologist. Hence, clinical suspicion should always be maintained in cases of testicular swelling for proper workup of the patient.
Blood Investigation and Cardiac Markers: The Key Role to Rule Out Hospital Outcome of Myocardial Infraction in Tertiary Cardiac Care Centre
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Tripathi, P; Pandya, H; Singh, A; Patil, R; Patel, B.
Background: In-hospital mortality varies substantially across hospitals after myocardial infarction. This study is intended for physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare personnel who care for patients with suspected or established acute myocardial infarction (MI) in emergency department and to find out the association between the CBCs, cardiac markers and other biochemical tests with the severity of MI. Method: In this retrospective study, data were collected of 190 patients came in the emergency department period of one month August 2023 with chest pain diagnosed as myocardial infarction. All patient’s Lipid profile, HbA1c, Total Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), Neutrophil Counts, Lymphocyte Counts, Neutrophil to Lymphocytes ratio (NLR), Immature Granulocyte % (IG%), Absolute Immature Granulocyte Count (IG#), Platelet Count, CPK-Mb, Troponin I and Pressure were noted in first 24 hrs of time. Result: In this study we have found that Total lymphocyte count (AUC=0.83 Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-71.3, p=<0.001), CPK-MB (AUC=0.67, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-43.3, p=0.006), Absolute neutrophil counts (AUC=0.83, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-67.3, p=<0.001), Neutrophils (AUC=0.75, Sensitivity-Specificity=89.5-60.2, p=<0.001), and Lymphocyte (AUC=0.74, Sensitivity-Specificity=73.7-69.6, p=<0.001), are the significantly associated with worsen outcome in patients with myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Total lymphocyte count, CPK-MB, Absolute neutrophil counts, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte are the significant predictor, indicate an increased risk of death in patients with myocardial infarction in emergency department.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pre-hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus Cases of North Indian Population
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Kumar, A; Kumari Jha, P; Ranjan, R; Rastogi, VK.
Background: Many studies have reported high frequency of pre-hypertension as well as hypertension in the patients of diabetes mellitus (DM). The important risk factors are duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia, obesity, age, microalbuminuria, and some lifestyle related factors. Objectives: This study was designed to find the prevalence of pre-hypertension in North Indian urban DM cases and correlation with dietary habits, demographic profile, HbA1c, obesity, lipid profile, urinary albumin level, tobacco smoking, alcoholism, and physical inactivity. Materils and Methods: DM patients (N=100, ?18 years), diagnosed as per the criteria of ADA, were recruited. JNC-7 criteria were applied for hypertension. The demographic profile, dietary habits and lifestyle related factors were obtained through questionnaire. Physical examination and laboratory investigation for biochemical parameters were performed and compared with appropriate statistical tool. Results: Prevalence of the Pre-HTN in DM patients was 42% and more in the males. DM with Pre-hypertension had reported significantly higher intake of salt and junk food with increased waist circumference. The urinary albumin level was significantly higher in DM with pre-hypertension. There was significant positive association of tobacco smoking and alcohol intake in development of pre-hypertension. Increased duration of DM, low physical activity and increased BMI were significantly contributing to Pre-hypertension. Dyslipidaemia, especially high Triglycerides(r=0.867) had significantly strong correlation with pre- hypertension in DM patients. Conclusion: Screening strategies for pre-hypertension should be initiated at an early age in the diabetic community. The importance of lifestyle modifications with respect to dietary habits, physical activity, and relaxation techniques needs to be implemented.
Drug-Induced Bullous Haemorrhagic Dermatosis: Insights from a Case Series
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Era, N; Joha, S; Kumar Gupta, A; Kumari, S; Mukherjee, M; Mukherjee, S.
Bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD), a distinctive non-immune cutaneous eruption, manifests as the formation of haemorrhagic bullae on the skin. While it is an uncommon dermatologic entity, its clinical significance is underscored by its association with various medications, including anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, as well as chemotherapeutic drugs. Clinical or pathological signs of inflammation are usually absent. The pathophysiology of BHD involves the disruption of normal skin integrity, leading to the development of bullae containing blood. These bullae typically appear at sites distant from the initial lesion or injection site, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Here we discuss three such cases and their presenting features.
Observational Analysis of Antimicrobial Agent Utilization Pattern in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia at A Tertiary Care Facility
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Yadav, M; Bharti, M; Nigam, AK; Goyal, Y; Nautiyal, SK.
Introduction: The escalation of community-acquired pneumonia cases amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered a concerning phenomenon characterized by the unwarranted utilization of antimicrobial agents. Aims: To analyze the utilization trends of antimicrobial agents within the cohort of hospitalized individuals diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months within the Department of Medicine to investigate patients diagnosed with CAP. Detailed records of drug prescriptions were meticulously recorded, with subsequent computation of both the Daily Defined Dose (DDD) and Antibiotics Consumption Index (ACI). A dataset comprising information from 130 patients was meticulously examined and subsequent analysis conducted. Descriptive statistical analyses were undertaken to utilize both Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 27. Results: The predominant empirical therapy for antibacterial agents was found to be amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, utilized by 73 (56.2%) patients, succeeded by levofloxacin, administered to 33 (25.4%) patients. Following culture and sensitivity testing, the most frequently employed antibacterial agents for definitive therapy included levofloxacin for 33 (25.4%) patients. Notably, the highest Antibiotics Consumption Index (ACI) value recorded was 14.4 for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in empirical therapy, while in definitive therapy, levofloxacin exhibited an ACI of 14.8. A significant disparity in ACI values between empirical and definitive therapy was observed (p<0.05), signifying statistically meaningful differences. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation accentuate a discernible trend in the administration of antibiotics for managing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) within the Medicine Department amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Decoding Diabetic Kidney Disease: In-Depth Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Management Strategies
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Upadhye, KS; Patidar, H.
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is primarily caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common ailment that affects people all over the world and results from diabetes mellitus. Hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory factors interact to influence its development. However, these changes are not unique to DKD, necessitating the development of novel biomarkers to support diagnosis, tracking, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and outcome prediction. High blood sugar levels trigger the disease by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite its significance as a global medical condition, people often ignore it. DKD causes major challenges for the community, finances, and individuals. Symptoms often remain unnoticed until they become evident, resulting in significant consequences. The absence of detailed data and infrequent screening protocols impede the early identification of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The right medications and a precise diagnosis could help regulate the illness, prolong life, and lessen the psychological and financial burden on those affected. DKD frequently emerges right after the condition becomes severe. This research aims to identify global cases, factors that heighten the risk of developing DKD, and potential indicators for early diagnosis of DKD.
Comparative Study to Determine Antimicrobial Property of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica) Extracts Using Various Solvents Obtained from Two Geographical Area
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2023-01) Megha, S; Indradhanush; Venkatesha, D.
Background: Plants have been the basis for many medicinal compounds that are used in modern-day medicine, screening for medicinal plants for bioactive compounds is a way of identifying and developing new antimicrobials that are less expensive and with improved safety and efficacy. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) using leaf extracts of Ethanol, Petroleum ether, and Ethyl acetate and testing them on E.coli, Klebsiella, S.aureus, MRSA and C.albicans. Materials & Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found using the serial dilution method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done using the disc diffusion method. Results: Ethanolic extract showed better results against Klebsiella and S.aureus, Ethyl acetate extract showed better results against E.coli and MRSA, whereas both ethanolic and petroleum ether extract showed activity against C.albicans. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay showed that all the extracts have antioxidant property and variations were noted in the antimicrobial activity on comparing samples taken from different locations. Conclusion: Further studies are needed into the bioactive compounds of neem in order to explore their antimicrobial activity.
Identification of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus using Automated Vitek-2 Compact System and D test
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Lal, UAP; Ambhore, N; Raut, S; Mantri, R; Malak, N; Sharma, P.
Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogen causing serious and life-threatening clinical infections. Detecting inducible resistance to clindamycin (ICR) in S. aureus is challenging with routine testing methods, potentially leading to treatment failure. Hence, use of both automated systems like VITEK-2 and conventional methods for detecting ICR in routine microbiology laboratories will be helpful in accurate diagnosis. Aim and Objectives: To identify S. aureus in clinical samples and assess the reliability of VITEK-2 for detecting inducible clindamycin resistance as compared to routine D-test. Materials and methods: A total of 80 isolates of S. aureus were identified from clinical samples by routine conventional microbiological methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using both automated VITEK-2 and conventional technique. Results: The sensitivity of the Vitek-2 test for detecting ICR was 91.18% and specificity was 100% as compared to D-test. The PPV and NPV were 100% and 94.23% respectively. However, 3 isolates which showed ICR by D-test could not be detected in VITEK-2 system. Conclusion: Use of both automated systems and routine conventional techniques together in detecting ICR in Staphylococcus aureus will accurately give the diagnosis and accelerate the treatment.
Clinico-Radiological and Histopathological Study of Endometrial Lesions in Patients Presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Pundir, S; Kumar, M; Joshi, U; Chaudhari, S.
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB] is one of the most common presentations among women of all age groups. It is ‘Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, regularity or timing for the majority of last 6 months. Common pathologies include hormonal imbalance patterns, atrophic endometrium, endometritis, endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Material & Methods: All specimens of endometrial curettage, biopsy and hysterectomy received in department of pathology GMC, Haldwani from January 2020 to September 2021 , have been included in the study. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely. Clinical details and endometrial thickness by ultrasonography were recorded and analysed. Microscopic examination was performed after routine and special stains. Results: Out of a total of 103 cases, abnormal uterine bleeding was frequently observed in the age group 40 – 49 years, followed by 50 – 59 years. Most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia followed by post menopausal bleeding. Most common histopathological finding was proliferative phase endometrium followed by secretory phase endometrium. The range of endometrial thickness recorded in the proliferative phase was mostly 4-9 mm followed by the secretory phase with 9 – 15 mm. Two cases of endometrial carcinoma were seen after 5th decade onward. All cases of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma had an endometrial thickness of more than 15 mm. Conclusion: AUB may be the only presenting complaint in patients with malignant or pre-malignant endometrial lesions. Histopathology helps to reach a definitive diagnosis crucial for management.
Partially Empty Sella with Optic Disc Coloboma - Unique Association
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-01) Sen, S; Dash, S; Sidana, A; Goel, A.
Congenital anomalies in individuals, more often than not involve multiple organs. We present the case of a 26-year-old female who presented with headache and sleep disturbances as primary complaints. She was found to have a partially empty sella in association with iris and optic disc coloboma. Septo-optic dysplasia is commonly seen in patients with complete or partially empty sella where hypoplasia of optic nerve is seen. Association of iris coloboma and optic disc coloboma with partially empty sella has been reported rarely and was discovered in this patient.
Prevalence of ABO Blood Type and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19 — A South Indian Institutional Study
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Thajudeen, AS; Navya, TP; Muniraj, F; Saji, R.
Objective : The ABO and Rh blood type systems are linked to a wide range of illnesses, including bacterial, viral, infectious, and malignant conditions. According to several research, COVID-19 predisposition and ABO blood types are related. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of the ABO blood group and its association with Covid disease and outcome. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective and observational cross-sectional study done at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 504 Covid positive patients admitted during that period were analysed with their laboratory parameters and blood group types. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the data and find the relationship between blood types. Results: 504 admitted patients who were hospitalised during the research period were included. Among these, 216 belonged to blood type O, whereas 111 belonged to blood group A, 149 to blood group B, 28 to blood group AB. The prevalence of blood group O was higher and group AB had a low risk. There were 88 critical care unit patients, their length of critical care unit admission and blood types did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Our study suggests that blood group AB may be protective and that blood group O may be more susceptible to the disease, but that neither of these factors impact the progression of the illness or the likelihood of death.
Effect of Low Dose Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid Infusion on Perioperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Intracranial Neoplasms: A Double Blinded Randomised Control Study
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Tewari, K; Mohapatra, AR; Mishra, D; Thapa, OB; Jyotsna.
Background: Blood loss is often a major complication of neurosurgery; and adversely impacts postoperative outcomes. Primary objective of our study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on total perioperative blood loss and the need for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in patients. Secondary objective was to assess and compare the effect of TXA on haemoglobin (Hb) , packed cell volume (PCV), coagulation profile, crystalloid and PRBC requirement, neurological outcomes; and the quality of surgical field peri-operatively. Materials and Methods: 60 adult patients, undergoing elective craniotomy for tumor resection were recruited. 30 patients each, received either a bolus of TXA , followed by an infusion (TXA group); or normal saline in the same dose (Placebo group). Crystalloid and PRBC transfusion, blood loss, Hb, PCV, platelet count, fibrinogen levels, international normalized ratio were recorded. Mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay and Glasgow Outcome Extended (GOSE) score were also measured. Results: There was no significant difference in blood loss, PRBC requirement, Hb, PCV, fibrinogen levels , INR, duration of ICU stay or the quality of the operative field; between the TXA and placebo groups. GOSE scores were better and platelet count decrease was significantly higher in the TXA group. Conclusion: Low-dose TXA did not significantly reduce blood loss or improve outcomes in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection. GOSE score was better; and the platelet decrease post- operatively was significantly higher in the TXA group.
Curbing Future Nipah Outbreaks in India with a Sustainable "One Health Approach"
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-01) Khandre, RR; Bansod, VP; Kulkarni, SS.
Nipah virus is deadly RNA virus that spread from bats to humans with high case fatality rate. India witnessed the 6th outbreak in the month of September 2023, while it was the 4th outbreak in the state of Kerala. The man coming into contact with bat secretions like urine or saliva increased the risk of transmission of disease. As the population increases and animal-human interaction or human-environment interaction increases, we need to take a holistic approach to the solution. One Health approach promotes collaborative efforts of many experts working across human, animal, and environmental health to improve the health of people and animals. The important preventive measures undertaking the One Health Approach like strengthening public health system, maintaining environmental health and animal health, health education and ongoing research will help to curb the occurrence and control of outbreaks to greater extent.
A Study on Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde, Ascorbic acid, Alpha-Tocopherol and Uric acid in Senile Cataract
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Badami, R; Anil Kumar, AS; Sundeep.
Aim: The study aims to determine whether oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development of Senile cataract by comparing serum levels of oxidative stress marker Malondialdehyde and antioxidants Ascorbic acid, Alpha Tocopherol and Uric acid among Senile cataract patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 subjects were included in the study, out of which 49 were senile cataract patients and 37 were age and gender matched healthy controls. Estimation of Malondialdehyde, Ascorbic acid, Alpha- Tocopherol and Uric acid was done in the serum samples of all subjects included in the study. Results: Mean MDA level in cases was significantly higher at 4.41nmol/ml compared to controls which was 3.88nmol/ml. Mean ascorbic acid level among cases was 10.99 mg/L whereas in controls it was significantly higher at 13.69 mg/L. ?-tocopherol level among cases was 7.98 mg/L whereas in controls it was significantly higher at 8.76 mg/L. Mean uric acid level among cases was 4.29mg/dl whereas in controls it was 4.55mg/dl, the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status contributes significantly to the development and progression of senile cataract. Clinical Significance: Measures to monitor oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status in the population can be helpful in delaying the onset and progression of senile cataract.
Perception of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) among Phase I MBBS Students in a Medical College in Northeastern India
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2024-05) Singh, RA.
Background: Early Clinical exposure (ECE) is a Learning methodology in Medical Education, which encourages exposure of the medical students to the clinical patients as early as the first year of medical college (Phase I MBBS). It helps them in applying basic science concepts to clinical patient care. Objective: To assess and analyze the Perception of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) among Phase I MBBS students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted January 2024 to March 2024 of 100 Phase I MBBS students who were first exposed to four Modules of ECE in both hospital and classroom settings. The outcomes and effectiveness of the students were then assessed and analyzed by a pre-structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire which contained both open-ended and close-ended items. Evaluation was done by statistical analysis of qualitative data and quantitative analysis of student comments using thematic analysis. Results: 97.6% of the students felt that Early Clinical Exposure is important in Phase I (1st year) while 2.4% of the participants were neutral on the question. 92.8% of students felt that ECE helped them in correlating physiology concepts with clinical cases while 86.9% of students felt that ECE helped in the retention of the topic. Majority of the students reported that ECE helped them in understanding and knowledge of the topic and provides them an exposure to reality of patient care and medical environment. Students also expressed the need for increasing the frequency and duration of ECE sessions. Conclusion: Our study reveals that Phase I MBBS students regard Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) as a pivotal methodology for enhancing their comprehension of fundamental scientific principles and their ability to correlate these principles with clinical applications. Moreover, they recognize ECE as a platform that immerses them in the realities of patient care. These findings underscore the imperative of continual assessment and enhancement in the implementation of ECE.

Browse

Recent Submissions