Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
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Item Efficacy of different endodontic irrigants in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair technique in primary molars: A randomized controlled clinical trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Dimri, Anukriti; Srivastava, Nikhil; Rana, Vivek; Kaushik, NoopurBackground and Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different endodontic irrigants employed in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) technique. Methods: Forty children aged 4–8 years having at least one primary molar with irreversible pulpitis/pulpal necrosis indicated for pulpectomy were included. Participants were randomly divided into three test groups (Group A, B, and C) and one control group (Group D). After caries excavation using a spoon excavator, superficial pulp was removed under topical anesthesia in all groups. Following this, pulpal floor was irrigated using different endodontic irrigants in each group: Group A – 20% propolis, Group B – 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group C – 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and Group D (control) – saline. Alternate 3?Mix (triple antibiotic paste containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin) was then placed over the pulpal floor and the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crown. Patients were recalled at follow?up periods up to 18 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Repeated?measures ANOVA test, Chi?square test, and independent t?test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Clinical success was achieved in all treated teeth, with the results showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, Group C showed best clinical results. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in reduction in size of furcation radiolucency, with Group B showing the best results compared to other groups. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in terms of rate of root resorption in all teeth, with Group C showing least resorption compared to other groups. Conclusions: The use of endodontic irrigant before the placement of alternate 3?Mix is an effective step for the improved success of LSTR technique in primary teeth, with chlorhexidine showing the best success rate.Item Comparative evaluation of silver diamine fluoride, glass ionomer cement, and calcium hydroxide for indirect pulp therapy in young permanent molars: A randomized controlled trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Ghorpade, Tejaswini M; Patil, Devendra P; Katge, Farhin Alimiya; Chimata, Vamsi Krishna; Bhanushali, ParinObjectives: Comparative evaluation of indirect pulp therapy (IPT) with silver diamine fluoride (SDF), Type VII glass ionomer cement (GIC), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in young permanent molars. Materials and Methods: This was randomized controlled trial, in which 45 children with 60 young permanent first molars were allocated as; Group A: IPT with SDF, Group B: Type VII GIC, and Group C: Ca(OH)2. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and comparison was done at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months. Data analysis was done using Chi?square test, one way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc analysis test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: On statistical analysis IPT with SDF showed 88.2%, Type VII GIC showed 94.1% and Ca(OH) 2 showed 88.2% success at 12 months’ follow?up. However, intergroup comparison showed no statistical significant difference. The mean dentin bridge formation in SDF was 0.5467 ± 0.08338 mm, Type VII GIC (0.4813 ± 0.06551 mm) and Ca(OH)2 group (0.5 ± 0.07559 mm), which was statistically significant with a P = 0.049. Conclusions: On comparative evaluation, clinical and radiographic success for IPT with SDF, Type VII GIC and Ca (OH) 2 were comparable. This study also concluded SDF and Type VII GIC can be used as IPT agents in permanent teeth. Dentin bridge formation was more in SDF followed by Ca(OH)2 and Type VII GIC, respectively.Item Effectiveness of visual instruction skit and sign language on oral health status among 5–18-year-old hearing-impaired children in South India: A cluster randomized clinical trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Kondepudi, Vaishnavi; Kumar, R. V. S. Krishna; Srinivasulu, Gomasani; Prasanth, Punamalli SymonBackground: Literature on the effectiveness of theory?based oral health education on the oral hygiene status of hearing?impaired children is limited. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of a school oral health education intervention on oral hygiene status and oral health?related knowledge among 5–18?year?old children in Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted among all institutionalized hearing?impaired children and young adults residing in various special care schools in Nellore district. Plaque Control record, gingival index (GI), and Decayed Missed Filled Teeth/ decayed extracted filled teeth and Decayed Missed Filled surfaces/ decayed extracted filled surfaces (DMFT/deft, and DMFS/defs) index were recorded; participants were selected and were randomly allocated to two groups using lottery method with 50 subjects in each group, Group I: sign language and Group II: video skit. Results: In all the age groups, preintervention DMFT and postintervention GI, DMFT, and DMFS were statistically significant in the sign language group and in the video skit group. Postintervention DMFS shows a significant difference. Conclusion: When compared with video instruction skit, sign language shows significant improvement in the oral hygiene status of CHI.Item Psychometric evaluation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Konkani version of the Oral Health-related Early Childhood Quality of Life (OH-ECQoL) scale(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Fijardo, Elaine Valansa; Barretto, Elaine Savia; Swamy, Dinesh Francis; Borkar, Richa; de Ataide, Ida de NoronhaContext: The oral health?related early childhood quality of life (OH?ECQoL) tool, designed to evaluate how dental issues affect preschoolers’ and their family’s quality of life (QoL), has been translated and validated in many languages. However, it has not yet been adapted into the Konkani language. Aim: Cross?cultural adaptation of OH?ECQoL tool for use in the Konkani?speaking population in the state of Goa among primary caregivers of children aged 24–71 months. Settings and Design: This cross?sectional was conducted at Goa Dental College and Hospital. Subjects and Methods: The study was divided into a forward–backward translation phase and a psychometric?testing phase of the Konkani version of OH?ECQoL (K?OH?ECQoL) scale. Two hundred and forty children aged 24–71 months were recruited and clinically examined for dental caries and their caregivers completed the K?OH?ECQoL questionnaire. Reliability was assessed in a subsample of 24 participants after a 2?week interval. Statistical Analysis Used: Construct, discriminant, and criterion validity were evaluated. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cross?cultural validity were evaluated. Results: Concurrent validity showed a strong significant correlation between the global rating of oral health and total K?OH?ECQoL score. Convergent validity demonstrated a moderate positive significant correlation between the items. K?OH?ECQoL scores were significantly associated with the caries severity, indicating a good discriminant validity. Test–retest reliability was 0.86 and internal consistency was 0.873. CFA indicated an acceptable fit. Cross?cultural validity showed very good item discrimination. A moderate correlation was found between CAMBRA?123 scores and overall K?OH?ECQoL score and between CAMBRA?123 scores and child impact section. Conclusions: Thestudy confirmed that the K?OH?ECQoL is a valid and reliable tool with good psychometric properties for evaluating the impact of early childhood caries on the QoL of preschool children aged 24–71 months and their families.Item Translating and culturally adapting the sleep disturbance scale for children into Malayalam language: Enhancing pediatric health in the Indian context(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Nair, Lekshmy S. R.; George, Sageena; Anandaraj, S.; Jose, Deepak; Philip, Deepthi Alice; Anjali, J. S.Purpose: The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) is a well?regarded tool for assessing pediatric sleep disorders, covering areas such as sleep initiation, breathing issues, and arousal disorders. The SDSC, known for its reliability and validity, has been adapted for various age groups and languages and aligns with the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers classification system. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SDSC into Malayalam language for use in Kerala, conducting a test with parents from the Trivandrum district. Materials and Methods: The SDSC was translated from English to Malayalam language through a systematic process involving bilingual experts, synthesis, back?translation, and expert review. Cognitive interviews refined the translation, which was then tested for reliability with 103 parents. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while test?retest reliability was evaluated with Cohen’s kappa, utilizing the SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Results: The translated SDSC showed strong internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.827 and domain?specific values between 0.7 and 0.8. Test?retest reliability was high, with correctness above 90% for all items and a Kappa statistics ranging from 0.66 to 0.88. Conclusion: The SDSC was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Malayalam language, demonstrating strong internal consistency and high test?retest reliability. This indicates that the Malayalam language version of the SDSC is a reliable tool for assessing pediatric sleep disorders among children in Kerala, making it applicable for use in this specific cultural context.Item Formulation of different concentrations of nanosilver fluoride incorporated dentifrices, evaluation of its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Gupta, Nidhi; Yadav, Mamta; Gambhir, Natasha; Singh, DivyaBackground: Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that contributes to tooth decay. Antimicrobial agents in dentifrices are often utilized to target these pathogens. Nano silver fluoride (NSF) has emerged as a potential antimicrobial agent due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity of dentifrices containing varying concentrations of NSF against Streptococcus mutans. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Nano silver fluoride-incorporated dentifrices against Streptococcus mutans and assess their cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Objectives: To synthesize and characterize nano silver particles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).To determine the antimicrobial activity of NSF dentifrices at different concentrations using the agar well diffusion method. To assess the cytotoxicity of NSF dentifrices on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells using the MTT assay. Material and Method: Synthesis and Characterization: Nano silver particles were synthesized through a chemical reduction process, resulting in particles with sizes ranging between 40-50 nm, confirmed via TEM analysis. Preparation of Dentifrice: Various concentrations of Nano silver fluoride (0%, 0.65%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) were incorporated into a dentifrice base. Antimicrobial Testing: The antimicrobial efficacy of the NSF dentifrices was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, where the zone of inhibition around each well was measured to evaluate bacterial growth suppression. Cytotoxicity Assessment: Cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT assay on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells, with NSF concentrations ranging from 0.156% to 10% to determine their impact on cell viability. Results: The study demonstrated that dentifrices containing NSF showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, with a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition. Higher concentrations of NSF were associated with larger zones of bacterial inhibition. A one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between various concentrations, with post hoc Bonferroni tests confirming significant differences between specific pairs. In terms of cytotoxicity, a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed with increasing concentrations of NSF. The lowest concentration (0.156% NSF) had the highest cell viability (86.67%), while the highest concentration tested (10% NSF) resulted in minimal cell viability (0.68%). Conclusion: The study concludes that NSF-incorporated dentifrices exhibit promising antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans in a concentration-dependent manner. However, increasing concentrations of NSF also correlated with higher cytotoxicity levels in mammalian cells. Therefore, optimizing the concentration of NSF in dentifrices is crucial to balance antimicrobial benefits with biocompatibility.Item Comparison of smart burs and chemo-mechanical caries removal systems in primary molars – A systematic review and meta-analysis(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Mehrotra Deepshikha, Kodical Sanjana R., Naik Shilpa ShettyBackground: Smart burs and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) systems are considered viable alternatives to traditional cavity preparation techniques. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to assess and compare the impact of these two techniques; nevertheless, these studies have demonstrated considerable variability in their findings. The objectives of the present systematic review and meta-analysis were to compare the efficacy, efficiency, and patient comfort of CMCR systems and smart burs in primary molars. Methodology: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines. Ten electronic databases up to May 30, 2024 were searched for in vivo clinical studies comparing at least one CMCR system with smart burs in terms of clinical and/or microbiological efficacy, efficiency (time taken for complete caries removal), and patient comfort in primary molars. Reviews, abstracts, case series and reports, letters to the editor, animal studies, and unpublished data were excluded. The risk of bias (ROB) assessment was conducted using the ROBINS-I and Cochrane ROB tools for nonrandomized and randomized clinical studies, respectively. The analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. The standardized mean difference served as the summary with a random effects model (P < 0.05). Results: A total of 154 studies were identified and screened out of which five were included in the qualitative synthesis and four studies were deemed suitable for a meta-analysis. The overall quality assessment revealed a presence of moderate-to-low ROB. The data extracted from the five studies were tabulated. The summary odds ratio for clinical efficacy (0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13–1.49]) showed no statistically significant difference between CMCR systems and Smart burs (Z = 1.33 and P = 0.18). A statistically significant difference ([Z = 5.85 and P < 0.00001] and [Z = 2.84 and P = 0.005]) in terms of microbiological efficacy (446.46 [95% CI = 296.89–596.02]) and efficiency (?0.68 [95% CI = ?1.16–?0.21]) was observed between CMCR systems and smart burs. Smart burs performed better in terms of microbiological efficacy and efficiency. Due to variability in the scales used to evaluate patient comfort, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, Smart burs performed better in terms of microbiological efficacy and efficiency and hence can be used as an alternative to CMCR systems in primary molars.Item A comparative evaluation of the effects of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety of pediatric patients undergoing dental extraction treatment: A randomized control study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Kolhe, Sayali; Dialani, Pooja; Bondarde, Prashant; Pande, Rukmini; Patil, Prajakta; Vishwakarma, Aruna PrashanthBackground: Audio?analgesia is one of the unexplored aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry, and recently, there have been many new inclusions in shades of noise that were previously just limited to white noise, like brown noise and pink noise. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing primary tooth extraction. Study Settings and Design: Multiarm, triple?blinded, parallel?group randomized controlled trial. Materials and Method: Forty children belonging to the age group of 8–12 years having their first dental visit with primary teeth indicated for extraction were included in our study. We evenly divided the 40 children into four groups: Group A (white noise), Group B (pink noise), Group C (brown noise), and Group D (cartoon music), which served as the control. We assessed the patient’s anxiety using Venham’s Picture Test and a pulse oximeter, as well as their pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) both preoperatively and postoperatively. We also noted changes in the patient’s pulse after administering local anesthesia. Results: All groups have shown significant differences in dental anxiety and pain, preoperatively and postoperatively, but pink noise was found to be effective even in maintaining pulse rate intraoperatively. Conclusion: In pediatric dentistry, audio distraction is an innovative, noninvasive, and effective behavior management technique that can effectively manage dental anxiety in children. Registration: The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) has prospectively registered the study under the CTRI number CTRI/2024/01/061679.Item Comparison of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity, and buffering capacity among human breast milk, plain packaged bovine milk, sweetened bovine milk, and infant formula: An in vitro study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Pradhan, Shreya; Yadav, Gunjan; Saha, Sonali; Dhinsa, Kavita; Sharma, Anshul; Rai, AmitContext: Human milk provides nutrients for newborns, while breastfeeding is preferred, formula feeding can also provide necessary nutrition and after weaning, individuals of all ages frequently drink bovine milk. Bovine and human milk contain lactose as a carbohydrate source, and infant milk formulas are also designed the same. However, lactose is fermentable by Streptococcus mutans, much like sucrose but to a lower extent. Aim: This study aims to compare the S. mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity among human milk, plain packaged bovine milk (PBM), sweetened PBM, and infant formula (IF). Settings and Design: Microbiological assays, experiments on biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity were conducted six times. Subjects and Methods: Ten distinct solutions were used: Plain PBM, sweetened bovine milk (SBM), IF, human breast milk (HBM), brain–heart infusion (BHI) with added 10% sucrose (BHI), and five duplicate solutions containing S. mutans culture. Biofilm formation - Biofilm development was evaluated on 96-polystyrene flat bottom plates. Biofilm acidogenicity - pH of the biofilms was determined by dipping in pH meter. Buffering capacity -0.01 M hydrochloric acid was added to every sample until pH reduction of two units was achieved. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA test, Tukey’s post hoc test, independent Student’s t-test were performed. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: SBM had highest optical density (OD) value and HBM least. PBM had the highest pH and SBM least. PBM had highest B value (Buffering) and HBM least. Conclusion: Cariogenicity of both HBM and PBM were shown to be just marginal although differing from sucrose.Item Effectiveness of visual pedagogy in improving toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene and gingival health among children with autism– A randomised controlled trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Subhashree, T.; Yashoda, R.; Puranik, Manjunath P.Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability that diminishes social interactions and communication. Maintaining good oral hygiene in them is a significant task. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) in improving brushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival status among children with autism. Materials and Methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 200 children with autism, aged 6–17 years. TBVP and conventional oral hygiene instructions were administered as an intervention in the test group (TBVP). The control group (oral health education [OHE]) received conventional oral hygiene instructions. Assessment of toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival status were carried out at baseline, 30?, 60?, and 90?days. The data were analyzed using t?tests in SPSS version 26 software at P < 0.05. Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups in toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival scores. Postintervention, there was a significant improvement in the TBVP group compared to the OHE group. At 90 days, the mean toothbrushing scores of TBVP group were significantly higher (22.49 ± 6.70) than the OHE group (18.35 ± 6.82). Plaque scores were significantly lower (1.31 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.47 ± 0.50). Gingival scores were significantly lower (1.38 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.56 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The TBVP was effective in improving the toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival health of the children with autism. Hence, it can be used for behavioural guidance in toothbrushing for these children to maintain their oral hygiene.Item Evaluating the efficacy of cavity disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser on primary molars: An in vivo study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Anvekar, Mitaj Pandharinath; Virupaxi, Shruti Girish; Yavagal, Chandrashekar; Kulkarni, Sadanand; Pai, Ramya; Patil, Viplavi Vijaysinh ChavanBackground and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methylene blue dye with 660?nm diode laser in cavity disinfection and to compare the total bacterial count in dentinal samples preexcavation, postexcavation, and postdisinfection. The study design was experimental in vivo. Materials and Methods: Fifteen children aged 5–12 years with 15 primary molars requiring atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) were selected. Dentinal samples were collected from the carious tooth with a sterile spoon excavator three times, i.e., before caries excavation (preexcavation), after hand excavation of caries (postexcavation), and after doing laser photodynamic therapy with methylene blue dye and 660?nm diode laser (postdisinfection) and sent for microbiological analysis. The samples were transported in reduced transport fluid. The total bacterial count was carried out by an experienced microbiologist immediately after reporting. Results: A significant number of bacteria was present after hand excavation of caries using ART. The bacterial count significantly reduced postlaser disinfection. The total viable bacterial count was reduced to 87.17% with hand excavation of caries, whereas it was reduced to 98.59% postlaser disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660?nm diode laser. Conclusion: It was seen that ART cannot eliminate all the microorganisms. Methylene blue dye with a 660?nm diode laser was able to reduce the total bacterial count and can be effectively used as an antimicrobial cavity disinfectant.Item Effectiveness of school dental screening programme and different referral mechanisms on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-12) Himabindu, Bankuru; Uloopi, K. S.; Vinay, C.; Chaitanya, Penmatsa; Ravigna, Peddi; Chandana, N.Background: School-based dental screening and referral mechanism is a potential intervention that impacts utilization of dental services. Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school dental screening programme with referral to specific dental hospital on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children. Settings and Design: A cluster randomized control trial was conducted with 694 children assigned to test group (n = 351) and control group (n = 343). Materials and Methods: Children in test group were referred to specific dental hospital, while those of control group to nonspecific dental hospital for treatments. Statistical Analysis Used: Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth scores. Results: A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in decayed (dt + DT) and filled (ft + FT) teeth scores was observed on intergroup comparison at 12 months. There was a significant increase in filled teeth (FT) scores in children of both the groups. However, the decayed teeth (dt + DT) scores were significantly decreased in children of test group (P < 0.001), while increased in control group (P = 0.004). Conclusion: School dental screening programs with referral to specific dental hospital had a highly significant impact in reducing decayed teeth and increasing the number of FT 27 in children.Item Comparison of clinical performance of obturating materials in pulpectomies: A randomized clinical trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Khadilkar, Ankeeta Satish; Kapur, Aditi; Goyal, Ashima; Gauba, Krishan; Singh, Sanjeev KumarBackground: Chemomechanical debridement is insufficient to disinfect all bacteria from the root canals of primary teeth, and obturation of canals with an appropriate material thus acquires excellent importance and remains a critical step in the ultimate success of pulpectomy. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate Endoflas, Metapex, and a mixture of calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as obturating materials (OMs) in primary mandibular second molars. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five mandibular second primary molars requiring pulpectomies were identified in children aged 4–8 years. They were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups according to the type of OM received using the block randomization technique. After the completion of chemomechanical debridement, the canals were filled with Endoflas, Metapex, and CH-ZnO mixture, respectively. The intergroup clinical and radiographic comparison was made based on Coll and Sadrian criteria to decipher their clinical performance at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed at any evaluation time interval (P > 0.05). At 6 months, the clinical success rates were 95.2% in Endoflas, 96% in Metapex, and 95.8% in the CH and ZnO mixture groups, respectively. The materials, however, behaved differently in different clinical situations. Conclusion: Based on the observations, all three OMs showed similar clinical success in maintaining tooth functioning, but their use can be restricted to indications. However, prospective studies with longer follow-ups with more stringent eligibility criteria are required to reach more definitive conclusions.Item Evaluation of the neuromotor ability of the tongue in pediatric patients using a stereognostic examination(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Jajoo, Sakshi; Shweta, Chaudhary; Rucha, Davalbhakta; Sanket, Kunte; Chetana, Jagtap; Smita, PatilBackground: The term “stereognosis” comes from neurology and describes the capacity to distinguish objects solely by touch. Aim: The aim of this research study was to compare the neuromotor ability of the tongue in patients with malocclusion and tongue dysfunction with and without superficial anesthesia on the tip of the tongue and hard palate. Materials and Methods: The study included 132 patients aged 6–13 years. Using a spatula for speech therapy and a visual evaluation while swallowing saliva, all individuals were identified as having swallowing dysfunctions and divided into three groups: study group (children with malocclusions and tongue dysfunctions) – 44 patients, comparator group (children with malocclusions and without tongue dysfunctions) – 44 patients, and control group (children without malocclusions or tongue dysfunctions) – 44 patients. The Koczorowski methods were used for the stereognostic tests. Results: Age, sex, and malocclusion were taken into account during the differential analysis. The study and comparison groups, study and control groups, and the comparator and control groups all showed statistically significant differences from one another. According to the results, tongue dysfunction affects patients’ ability to coordinate their movements with their senses at a developing stage. Conclusion: Patients with malocclusions that are made worse by tongue dysfunctions have poorer oral stereognostic sensibility. Speech therapy and interdisciplinary specialist orthodontic treatment are required for individuals with impaired oral perception who are still in the developmental stage and have abnormal tongue position and function.Item Effect of temperature on rehydration and fracture resistance of reattached tooth fragments after crown fracture: An in vitro study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-07) Atif, M; Tewari, N; Jhunjhunwala, G; Nehta, H; Rahul, M; Mathur, VP; Bansal, KBackground: Uncomplicated crown fractures of maxillary anterior teeth are common dental injuries, and the bonding of fractured fragments is recommended for management. Rehydration of fragments improves bonding and fracture resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of the reattached tooth fragment of the incisor crown after rehydration using either a steamer or a humidifier. Materials and Methods: Bovine teeth were used as a model. Fractured fragments were divided into three groups: Group I (no rehydration), Group II (rehydration by humidifier), and Group III (rehydration by steamer). Fragments were reattached using a standard bonding protocol. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Chi-square tests. Results: The force required to fracture the reattached fragments was significantly higher in Group II (humidifier) compared to Group I (no rehydration) (P = 0.005). Group III (steamer) had a force value similar to Group I, indicating no significant improvement in fracture resistance with steamer rehydration. The temperature inside the steam-based chamber reached an average of 95.7°C with 95% humidity, whereas the conventional humidification chamber had an average temperature of 39.2°C and 84% humidity. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the rehydration protocol using a steam-based chamber was found to have a significantly lower force required to fracture the reattached fragments as compared to humidifier-based chamber. This was not significantly different from the fragments which were reattached without rehydration.Item Associations between nonnutritive sucking habits, developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3–6-year-old Indian urban children: A case–control study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Singh, Priyanka; Jawdekar, Ashwin.Background: Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently. Aim and Objectives: We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3–6-year-old children. Methodology: A sample of 350 children 3–6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case–control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool. Results: The prevalence of NNSH in 3–6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121–1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3–6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694–0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices. Conclusion: The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.Item Comparative evaluation of clinical success of Stainless Steel and Bioflx crowns in primary molar – A 12 month split mouth prospective randomized clinical trial(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Patil, Amol Suresh; Jain, Mukul; Choubey, Shikha; Patil, Madhuri; Chunawala, Yusuf.Purpose: The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess and compare the clinical outcomes of Bioflx crowns (BFCs) with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in primary molars (PMs). Materials and Methods: This prospective split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023. Thirty-eight patients (17 females and 21 males) with a mean age of 5.21 years participated in this study. Each child (n = 38) received both SSC and BFC. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months using the modified United States Public Health System scoring criteria to evaluate various parameters. Results: At the 3 and 6 months’ follow-up, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, at 1-year follow-up, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was evident in the frequency between the two groups for the criteria of crown retention after cementation and anatomic form of the crown, indicating a preference for SSC over prototype 1 BFC. Conclusion: The 12-month results indicate that BFC performed similarly to the established SSC for the restoration of PMs providing better esthetics.Item Exploring the association between early childhood caries, malnutrition, and anemia by machine learning algorithm(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Fasna, K.; Khan, Saima Yunus; Ahmad, Ayesha; Sharma, Manoj KumarObjective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also the hierarchy of association if any with malnutrition, anemia, and other risk factors with ECC using machine learning algorithms. Methods: A hospital-based preventive and interventional study was conducted on SAM children (age = 2 to <6 years) who were admitted to the malnutrition treatment unit (MTU). An oral examination for early childhood caries status was done using the deft index. The anthropometric measurements and blood examination reports were recorded. Oral health education and preventive dental treatments were given to the admitted children. Three machine learning algorithms (Random Tree, CART, and Neural Network) were applied to assess the relationship between early childhood caries, malnutrition, anemia, and the risk factors. Results: The Random Tree model showed that age was the most significant factor in predicting ECC with predictor importance of 98.75%, followed by maternal education (29.20%), hemoglobin level (16.67%), frequency of snack intake (9.17%), deft score (8.75%), consumption of snacks (7.1%), breastfeeding (6.25%), severe acute malnutrition (5.42%), frequency of sugar intake (3.75%), and religion at the minimum predictor importance of 2.08%. Conclusion: Anemia and malnutrition play a significant role in the prediction, hence in the causation of ECC. Pediatricians should also keep in mind that anemia and malnutrition have a negative impact on children’s dental health. Hence, Pediatricians and Pediatric dentist should work together in treating this health problem.Item Correlation between the middle phalanx of the third finger skeletal maturation staging system and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels among Indian children – A 3-year longitudinal study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-01) Veena, R; Alle, Rajkumar, S; Shanbhog, Raghavendra; Prashant, AkilaIntroduction: Tracking insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level alongside the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) staging modification could provide valuable insights into the relationship between hormonal factors and skeletal maturation during different stages of growth. Longitudinal studies indeed play a crucial role in understanding these complex relationships over time, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of how IGF-1 might serve as a marker for pubertal growth stages. Methodology: The present longitudinal prospective cohort study was done among 26 boys and 26 girls. For each child, once in every 6 months for 3 years, blood samples (to estimate IGF-1 level) and X-rays of the left hand middle finger were taken. DRG IGF-1 600 Human Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit was used for the quantitative measurement of IGF1 from serum. The MP3 stages of the middle phalanx of the middle finger were evaluated using a modified MP3 system. The collected data were subjected to suitable descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean IGF1 levels were significantly higher in girls compared to boys across all the stages of MP3 skeletal maturity indicators. However, in both boys and girls, IGF-1 levels showed increasing trends from Stage F to H where it peaked and showed deceleration to Stage I (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The observed increase in serum IGF-1 levels during pubertal stages, followed by a decline in late puberty, aligning with the stages of skeletal maturation, suggests a close relationship between hormonal changes and bone development.Item Evaluation of oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy: An observational study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024-07) Ambati, P; Galhotra, V; Jondhale, SN; Dolker, T; Ravi, M; Rathod, P.Background: Chemotherapy, a cornerstone treatment for childhood cancers, can negatively impact oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of oral complications in these patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study enrolled 44 children diagnosed with malignancy undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in central India. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, with follow-ups at 3–6 and 9–12 months. Data collected included demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral lesions. Blood counts and World Health Organization grading for mucositis were used. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests analyzed the data (P ? 0.05). Results: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy. Children reported various oral complaints such as ulcers, bleeding gums, and difficulty eating. Mucositis prevalence significantly decreased over follow-up visits (baseline: 56.8% and second follow-up: 13.3%). Gingival inflammation was present, though mean scores decreased over time. Oral hygiene scores varied without significant changes. Caries experience scores increased from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of ALL and diverse oral complications in children undergoing chemotherapy. While mucositis severity lessened over time, other issues such as caries persisted. These findings highlight the critical need for preventive oral care strategies to safeguard this vulnerable population’s oral health.