Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

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Fabrication and in vitro antifungal potential of nanoencapsulated eugenol against fungal contaminants of Calocybe indica
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Devi, S Shalini; Priya, L Aruna; Akshitha, Ch; Sreenivasulu, Y
Fungal diseases pose a significant threat to mushroom crops, and the standard approach to controlling these diseases on farms globally often relies on fungicides. However, issues such as the development of pathogen resistance to fungicides due to frequent use and the sensitivity of mushrooms to these chemicals present serious challenges. To address these problems, incorporating herbal agents for disease prevention could contribute to a more sustainable mushroom industry. This study aimed to develop nanoencapsulated eugenol and assess its prolonged antifungal effectiveness. Four fungal competitors i.e., two Trichoderma spp, Penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp were isolated from Calocybe indica cultivating industries and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Carboxymethyl cellulose-based nonencapsulated eugenol was synthesized and its physical and chemical properties were determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Zeta sizer, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nanocapsules were found to be nearly spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 139.8 nm to 273.8 nm and possessed encapsulation efficiency of 90.6%. The conical flask paper cone method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of encapsulated eugenol required per centimeter cube. MIC values were recorded as 4.02 ?L/cm3 and 5.0 ?L/cm3 against Trichoderma spp, Penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp respectively. FTIR reports evidenced successful encapsulation of eugenol which might have interacted with CMC via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Further, in silico molecular modeling studies also showed CMC-eugenol complex formation by the interaction between the hydrogen atom of hydroxy group of eugenol with the oxygen atom of CMC. The binding energy of the docked structure was calculated to be -2.57 kcal/mol. Molecular docking results well supported the findings of FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The outcome of this study will help the mushroom cultivators prevent economic losses caused by fungal contamination.
Regulatory activity of nobiletin on MAPK/NF-?B signaling pathway in indomethacin-induced gastric damage
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Uslu, Gözde Atila; Uslu, Hamit; Çoban, Taha Abdulkadir; Özkan, Ebru Barda?
Nobiletin (NOB) is an important flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits such as Citrus depressa, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon. Studies have demonstrated that effects are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, antiapoptotic, and antidiabetic. There are still limited studies on the efficacy of nobiletin on the pathways underlying gastric damage. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated both the effects of nobiletin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) signaling pathway, one of the pathways in indomethacin (IND)-induced inflammation and whether it has gastroprotective activity. NOB+IND and PAN+IND groups were treated with substances for 7 days (10 mg/kg NOB, 5 mg/kg PAN). On the 8th day, gastric damage model was created with a single dose of 100 mg/kg indomethacin. In indomethacin-induced gastric injury, nobiletin significantly decreased NF-?B-p65, MAPK levels and significantly increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the stomach. In addition, nobiletin administration caused a decrease in interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) and interleukin 1? (IL-1?) levels and an increase in interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels against indomethacin-induced inflammation. When the ulcerative areas were evaluated, it was found that ulcerative areas were significantly reduced in the nobiletin group compared to the indomethacin only group, and when the ulcer inhibition levels of nobiletin and pantoprazole administration were examined, both substances showed similar results. When these results were evaluated as a whole, it was determined that nobiletin had a candidate anti-inflammatory potential for the prevention of inflammation in the stomach and showed a strong gastroprotective effect.
Antivenom potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Saha, Kanchan; Sarkhel, Sumana
Nanoparticle molecules have gained interest in medicine due to their properties of increased cellular uptake and efficacy. Keeping this in mind, the current study aimed to explore the neutralizing potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNP) against the venom of Vipera russelli, in in vitro and invivo studies. UV-Vis Spectra of CH-AuNP exhibited absorbance at 530 nm. Dynamic light scattering report corroborated that there was a formation of monodispersed nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter of about 89.65 nm. The zeta potential of CH-AuNP was found to be 24.7 mV. X-ray diffraction analysis of CH-AuNP which confirmed the cubic crystal shape of the gold nanoparticles. SEM studies of the synthesized CH-AuNP exhibited particle sizes ranging from 7 to 18 nm.In vitro haemagglutination, enzyme assays and coagulation effect of venom on blood were tested with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Invivoassays included lethality, haemorrhage and nephrotoxicity with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Results obtained in the anti-haemolytic assay with chitosan and CH-AuNP revealed 86.72% and 93.01% protection against viper venom induced haemolysis. The CH-AuNp also accorded significant protection against venom induced coagulation and proteolytic activity. The invivo studies revealed that the CH-AuNP neutralized venom induced lethargy and haemorrhagic activity. It can therefore be stated that the CH-AuNP can potentially have a therapeutic effect on venom induced patho-physiological changes.
Acorus calamus L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. plant extracts potential as wood preservative against Gloeophyllum striatum decay fungus
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Meena, Rajesh Kumar; Dutt, Bhupender; Kumar, Rajneesh; Rai, Dinesh
This study aimed to assess the antifungal resistance of Acorus calamus and Parthenium hysterophorus plant extracts. Wood samples were treated with plant extracts at different concentrations: 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2%. For a period of 12 weeks, treated wood samples (Pinus roxburghii were tested for resistance to the brown rot decay fungus Gloeophyllum striatum. Wood samples treated with petroleum ether extract of A. calamus at 2% concentration showed the lowest mass losses (10.75%), and wood samples treated with the methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus showed the lowest mass losses (13.61%) at 2% concentration. Plant extracts of A. calamus and P. hysterophorus showed the highest antifungal activity and percentage fungus growth inhibition at 2.0% concentration. Maximum colonization was noticed for untreated wood samples, and the lowest was noticed at 2.0%. Antifungal properties of A. calamus and P. hysterophorus extracts were confirmed by a decay index test. After the decay test, chemical properties of wood samples were evaluated to confirm the efficiency of plant extracts, and it was observed that minimum losses of soluble extractives, lignin, and holocellulose of treated wood samples occurred at 2.0% concentration of extract. As per the findings of the present investigation, selected botanicals can be used for wood preservation and reducing the mass losses.
Study and characterization of airborne microbial communities in indoor air of an urban polyclinic
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Djadi, Amina; Lachebi, Samia; Agouillal, Farid; Berabou, Welid; Cherifi, Nabila; Ladji, Riad
Bioaerosols in the medical environment have been identified as suspected agents for the transmission of nosocomial infections, and the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a concrete example. This study aims to provide a qualitative and quantitative estimation of bioaerosols within a polyclinic located in the northern part of Algiers, Algeria. It also involves analyzing the influence of the sampling duration and period on the variability of bioaerosols within different rooms of the polyclinic. The passive sampling technique carried out the measurement of airborne bacteria in five rooms of the polyclinic. Two sampling times were chosen, 30 and 60 min with three sampling periods of two days each. The bacterial bioaerosols were characterized by MALDI TOF-MS.The bacterial bioaerosol concentration was notable in the five rooms of the polyclinic, reaching a medium-risk level. There was no significant difference (P =0.847-1.116) observed in the sampling duration, and similarly results for the sampling period (P=0.093 -0.798). Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Raoultella were the most dominant defined bacteria. These bacteria can have a harmful effect on the health of patients and workers of the polyclinic.
Hepatic and renal impairment and degenerative changes caused by carbon black nanoparticles in mice
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Rebelo, Sarita; Shaikh, Shamshad M
Carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNPs) have shown a notable increase in demand and are progressively encountering human exposure as a result of their extensive utilization across diverse industries and applications making it imperative to conduct comprehensive investigations of their potential impacts on human health. This study represents the inaugural investigation into the toxicity of CBNPs when administered orally (gavage) to mice over 30 days, dosing 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg of the mice's body weight. The study depicted hyperactivity, social withdrawal, rolling behavior, the appearance of yellowish spots on the tail, alopecia, and a darkening of eye pigmentation. ALP and catalase levels decreased, ALT, AST, and glutathione levels increased, indicating liver and kidney physiological changes. High urea and creatinine levels indicated renal physiology disruption, whereas high bilirubin levels indicated hepatic physiology disturbance. Inflammation, necrotic foci, and binucleated cells were seen in kidney and liver tissue. The findings of the study suggested that the adverse effects resulting from exposure to CBNPs can be attributed to their tendency to aggregate, slow clearance rate, and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn impair enzyme activities. Therefore, it may be deduced that exposure to CBNPs may induce a disruption of physiological processes, culminating in the development of severe and perhaps fatal illnesses.
Exploring the influence of cannabinoid system activation on axon sprouting: A study of ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) PAZARCI, Perçin; AKSOY, Gülsevinç; KAPLAN, Halil Mahir; LÜLEYAP, Ümit; ALPTEK?N, Davut
Axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS) often results in long-term neurological impairments due to the limited regenerative capacity of neurons. Identifying mechanisms and therapeutic agents that promote axon sprouting is essential for advancing treatments for neurological disorders. Cannabinoids, through their interaction with CB1 and CB2 receptors, have been implicated in neuronal development and regulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that proteins analyzed in this study, including ATP-dependent helicase (ATRX), Serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (STK24), Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), Reticulon 4 (RTN4), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), play a crucial role in axon sprouting. The objective of this study is to determine whether the cannabinoid system, in conjunction with ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins, collectively influences axon sprouting. Therefore, the effect of ?-9-THC on the expression of ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins is examined. For this purpose, the neuronal cell line model (SH-SY5Y) was grown in culture and treated with ?-9-THC. The amounts of related proteins were measured by ELISA method and compared with control group. The administration of ?-9-THC significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of ATRX, STK24, and GDF10 proteins, whereas it had no significant effect on RTN4 and PTEN proteins. Given the stimulating role of ATRX, STK24, and GDF10 proteins in axon sprouting, it is reasonable to speculate that the activation of the cannabinoid system may enhance axon sprouting. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to future studies aimed at addressing nerve cell losses in conditions such as stroke, ischemia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's.
Therapeutic effects of Erythrina variegata on primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis: An in silico analysis
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) M, Sneha; R, Preyenga; B, Kayalvizhi
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps, while endometriosis (EM) is a condition where tissue like the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility. EM and PD commonly associated in nociceptive pathways and inflammatory responses. In this study, phytochemicals such as erycrystagallin, erystagallin A, eryvarine A, 4-hydroxy-6, 3, 5 triprenyl isoflavonone, eryvarinol A, orientanol B from E. variegata have been evaluated for its potential to regulate TNF, COX-1, COX-2, PGF 2? involved in the inflammatory pathway resulting in hypersecretion of prostaglandins thereby causing excessive constriction of uterine muscle, nerve sensitization which leads to unbearable pain in PD. Similarly, employing network analysis in STRING and Cytoscape along with molecular docking in PyRx, the phytochemicals were investigated for their potential against PSR, ESR1, SF1, CYP19A1, GATA6, and MMP2, which creates an epigenetic abnormality converting stromal cells to endometriotic lesions and triggering inflammation through excessive production of estrogen. Using Cytoscape, the ligands with strong ADMET characteristics were found, and their interactions with the targets were verified. Molecular docking was performed to visualise the target-ligand complexes with the lowest binding affinities between -9 and -9.9. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions confirmed theligands' influence on the targets. E. variegata ceases primary dysmenorrhea from developing into endometriosis. Additionally, it minimises estrogen and progesterone imbalances associated with EM & PD.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated next generation gene therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) SOMUNCU, Makbule Nihan; YILDIRIM, Mahmut Selman; AYDIN, Cihan; ZAMAN?, Ay?e Gül; DURAN, Tu?çe; ALBAYRAK, Esra; KAVAKLI, Halil ?brahim
Present study, we aimed to manipulate the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is responsible for the etiopathogenesis of Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), in vitro. Mechanism of this molecular pathogenesis is based on encoding the BCR::ABL1p210 oncoprotein with excessive and irregular tyrosine kinase activity and eventually causes the CML phenotype. On the other hand, patients developing drug resistance or the side effects of bone marrow transplantation on mortality and morbidity strengthened our hypothesis that CRISPR/Cas9 could be an advance in preclinical studies in this research. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of K562 cells has been performed. Intronic sequences were detected by sequencing in the translocation of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene. Genome editing in CML cells was done by transfection of lipofectamine and electroporation. The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 on the BCR::ABL1p210 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Gene expression of the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion before and after CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation, which changed during the culture time, was compared logarithmic over the transcript values in the molecular response. We recorded that BCR::ABL1p210 manipulation showed an approximately 100-fold decrease in expression as (+1 log) before (-1 log) after CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation. Thus, the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion gene expression was significantly decreased by mediated CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation. As a result, the effect of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was revealed via the knockdown of the BCR::ABL1p210 in our study. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 can target the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion gene due to the interference effect.
Evaluating antimicrobial potential of ozonated water in preliminary trials
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Baferaj, Mohammed Abdulhakim O; Mathew, Merin; Ganji, Kiran Kumar; Selim, Samy; Elamir, Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed; V, Rajeswari
In response to the growing demand for sustainable disinfection solutions, ozonated water emerges as a promising antimicrobial agent. This study evaluates the efficacy of ozonated water against microbial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans under standardized laboratory conditions. Sterile distilled water was ozonated using a portable ozone generator of 13 W for 30 min. Ozone concentration was confirmed using test strips. Nutrient broth and peptone water were used for bacterial and fungal growth, respectively. The study had three groups: negative control (uninoculated media), positive control (media inoculated with microbes) and test group (ozonated media inoculated with microbes). Microbial growth was assessed by solution turbidity after 24 h for bacterial species and 48 h for fungi. Additionally, the bactericidal and fungicidal activities were determined by transferring 10 mL of the test group sample into fresh nutrient broth and peptone water, followed by incubation. The results confirmed antimicrobial activity of ozonated water. Also, the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of ozonated group confirmed by the clear broth in the test group, like the negative control, suggests its applications in various domains including healthcare. Further research is necessary to evaluate its compatibility with various materials for optimal applications.
Ameliorative effect of Modified Atkins Diet against aluminium chloride induced cognitive, behavioural and neurochemical impairments in rats
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Jangwan, Nitish Singh; Singh, Mamta F
Dietary and metabolic therapies are emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment contender due to paucity of effective therapeutic interventions. Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is a less restrictive version of ketogenic diet and has higher compliance rate. Therefore, in the present study MAD treatment of different durations were investigated for their effect in Aluminium chloride induced AD in rats. Alzheimeric rats received MAD for a period of 4 weeks (treatment 1), 6 weeks (treatment 2) and 4 weeks of MAD + 2 weeks without any treatment (treatment 3). Treatment 2 showed significant decrease in escape latency in MWM while increase in working memory, discrimination ratio and locomotor activity in MWM, NORT and OFT respectively. All the treatments have a mild effect on body weight, body mass index and fasting blood sugar level. Treatment 2 significantly decreased total protein, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase level in alzheimeric rats. Treatment 2 also improved lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters when compared with toxicant control rats. Treatment 2 also improved brain cell histology in AD rats. Treatment 1 and treatment 3 caused moderate to slight improvement in animal models and biochemical study parameters in alzheimeric rats. Results of the study conclude that MAD treatment for 6 weeks significantly restored cognition, behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities of AD.
Protective effects of Mito-TEMPO against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) ÇEL?K, Kübra; ERDO?AN, Mümin Alper; ARMA?AN, Güliz; B?R?M, Dervi?; TASKIRAN, Dilek
The effects of mitochondria-targeted treatments have great promise in prevention of Parkinson Disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted chemical against neurotoxic damage induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to varying concentrations of rotenone (10 nM, 50 nM, 125 nM, 250 nM, 500 nM, 1000 nM) for 24 and 48 h. Mito-TEMPO (10, 100, and 1000 µm) was administered to the cultures at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 µM 2 h prior to rotenone exposure. Cell viability across groups was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed through Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot techniques, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified via the DCFH-DA method. Mitochondrial activation was examined with MitoTracker Green staining.All concentrations of Mito-TEMPO significantly protected cells against rotenone toxicity. There were significant apoptotic marks such as nuclear fragmentation and bax/bcl-2 & cleaved caspase-3 increase in rotenone group. Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects by reducing apoptotic alterations and decreasing ROS levels significantly. The alterations of mitochondria density and localization in rotenone-treated cells were prominent while there was no difference observed in Mito-TEMPO group. Overall, Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects against rotenone-induced toxicity.
Comparison of IL-17, IL-33 and MMP-3 gene expression levels between patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Re?orlu, Hatice; Öztopuz, Rahime Özlem; Co?kun, Özlem
This study aimed to compare gene expression levels of biomarkers of inflammation, bone damage and cartilage damage (IL-17, IL-33, MMP-3) in psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with healthy controls and to examine the relationship between changes in expression levels and disease activity. PsO and PsA patients and healthy volunteers were included in the study. Gene expression levels of IL-17, MMP-3 and IL-33 proteins were measured in blood samples. The severity of PsO disease was assessed by PASI, and the severity of PsA disease was assessed by DAS28 CRP and BASDAI. The study included 25 PsO patients (10 women, 15 men), 23 PsA patients (16 women, 7 men) and 26 healthy controls (18 women, 8 men). The disease duration of PsO patients was 12.2±7.9 years and the PASI score was 9.8±6.2. The disease duration of PsA patients was 9.6±9.1 years, 12 patients had axial, and 11 patients had peripheral features. BASDAI score of axial patients was 3.5±1.5 and DAS28 CRP score of peripheral patients was 3.80±1.8. The results revealed that IL-17, IL-33 and MMP-3 gene expression levels were higher in PsO and PsA patients than in healthy controls, but these expression levels were not significantly associated with disease activity. However, a significant correlation was found between IL-33 gene expression level and PASI score in PsO patients (P < 0.001).
Plant derived histidine decarboxylase inhibitor and H1 antihistamine treatment for atopic dermatitis
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Rajput, Sweta R; Patel, Snehal S; Ingawale, Deepa K
Histidine decarboxylase is a key determinant of the levels of endogenous histamine that play important pathophysiological roles in allergic diseases. Inhibition of histamine synthesis by combination of H1 receptor antagonist and plant derived histidine decarboxylase inhibitor catechin can be a potential strategy to reduce the side effect of H1 antagonists. Atopic dermatitis was induced by challenge with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Evaluation of parameters like clinical scoring, ear weight, vascular permeability, histamine release from mast cell, skin histamine content, histidine decarboxylase enzyme activity, gene expression, histopathology and CNS safety parameters in catechin, cetirizine and combination groups were carried out. All treatment groups showed significant decrease in clinical score, ear weight, vascular permeability, enzyme activity, histamine release from mast cells and skin histamine content. Further, catechin alone and combination group showed beneficial effects in gene expression and histopathology study with reduced side effect. Thus, combination will allow the development
Growth factors and culture media dependent in vitro expansion and characteristics of enriched spermatogonial stem cells derived from adult caprine testis
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Pathak, Manisha; Singh, Shiva Pratap; Pathak, Juhi; Goel, Anjana; Soni, Yogesh Kumar; Singh, Manoj Kumar
In vitro expansion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has gained significant attention, as it offers a promising alternative for preserving and utilizing these cells beyond their natural regenerative capacity. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of growth factors in culture media and its comparison with commercially available media for in vitro expansion and maintenance of culture characteristics of adult caprine SSCs (cSSCs). In Trial-1, cSSCs were isolated from adult goats and an enriched population of cSSC was randomly divided into 5 groups i.e., group-1 (control; no growth factor), group-2 (GDNF; 40 ng/mL), group-3 (FGF2; 10 ng/mL), group-4 (EGF; 5 ng/mL) and group-5 (GDNF+FGF2+EGF). Following cultivation of cSSCs, morphological assessment, colony counting, and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and PGP9.5 were conducted and results were compared among the groups. Further, in Trial-2, the performance of optimized cSSCs culture media (in-house media) was compared with 5 commercial media viz, ?-MEM, MesenPRO RSTM, StemPRO®-34, Stemline®, and Ham's F-12 Nutrient Mix for improved growth and culture characteristics of cSSCs. The cluster-forming activity (CFA) assay, ALP staining, morphological evaluation of cSSCs colonies, and expression analyses of marker genes were performed. In Trial-1, the total number of colonies, size of colonies, and ALP expression were significantly (P<0.05) higher in group-5 compared with other groups. In Trial 2, the in-house media produced significantly (P<0.05) higher number and larger cSSC colonies among all the media tested. Similar results were observed in CFA and ALP staining. The results of expression analyses demonstrate upregulation of pluripotency (PGP9.5 and PLZF) and adhesion (E-cadherin) marker genes, and downregulation of apoptosis marker gene (BCL-6) in the cells when grown in in-house media. Overall, our results demonstrate that in-house media, with a combination of growth factors, provides a more favorable niche for proliferation, colony formation, and maintenance of functional characteristics of adult cSSCs in the in vitro culture systems. These results can be utilized for future studies and application that require optimum expansion of cSSCs or other stem cells.
Evaluation of ethephon induced oxidative stress to gonadal disorder and its amelioration by ethanolic extract of shoot of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. in albino rat
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Dutta, Uma; Haloi, Barnali
Ethephon (ETP) is an organophosphorous pesticide widely used in agriculture as a plant growth regulator as it promotes ripening and maturation of fruits and vegetables, respectively. People are exposed to ETP via consumption of artificially ripened and marketed fruits and vegetables which is of great concern to public health hazard. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Bambusa balcooa shoot extract against ethephon induced oxidative stress and gonadal function in albino rats. A total of 60 healthy Swiss Albino rats consisting of 35 males and 25 females were divided into five groups. The rats were subchronically exposed to two doses of ETP, viz. 15mg/KG bw and 30 mg/KG bw. ETP toxication significantly decreased weight of the testes and accessory sex organs such as epididymes and vas deferens. It significantly decreased sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability but significantly increased sperm morphological abnormalities. In female rat, exposure of ETP gradually decreased the duration of proestrus, estrous and metestrous phases of estrous and concomitantly increased the duration of diestrus phase. Administration of Bambusa balcooa shoot extract ameliorated these alterations caused by the toxic impacts induced by ETP in albino rats. So, it could be concluded that Bambusa balcooa shoot extract can be considered as a preventive and curative natural substance against ethephon induced oxidative stress and gonadal function in albino rat.
Effect of St. John?s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on colonic inflammation and tissue damage in a rat model of TNBS-induced colitis
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) O, Demir; B, Demirci; I, Meteoglu; DL, Kozaci; T, Dost
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases lack clear aetiology and effective treatments, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches like St. John's Wort. This study investigated the effects of oral St. John's wort (SJW) administration on inflammation, immune responses in the rat colonic mucosa, and blood cytokine levels, using three different doses. One group was separated as a control. For colitis model, a single dose of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered directly into the colon. Then, the rats were divided into eight groups: four groups observed for 3 days and four groups observed for 7 days. All groups received SJW exposure in different doses (none, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day). Serum levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were assessed together with tissue macroscopic/microscopic evaluation and tissue total (anti)oxidant measurements. Macroscopic scoring showed healing rates of colonic mucosa reaching up to 52% in the acute term and 33% in the chronic term. Tissue oxidative stress index was higher both in acute and chronic term of the model, but TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 were especially prominent in the serum at the chronic term of the disease. They have been regulated by oral SJW treatment; microscopic findings and scoring also supported the beneficial effect SJW. Intracolonic intervention of TNBS induces chronic systemic inflammation, as evidenced by changes in serum cytokine levels. SJW, even when taken orally as a food supplement, can influence cytokine pathways, promote the ulcer healing. This indicates a potential reduction in drug requirements.
Establishing PCOS in Wistar rats: A reliable model for understanding polycystic ovary syndrome
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Negi, Neha; Sharma, Indu
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women, characterised by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a comprehensive rat model of PCOS that accurately replicates both the metabolic and reproductive facets of the syndrome. Female Wistar rats were treated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), high-fat diet (HFD), and a combination of both for 20 and 30 days. The study assessed body weight, estrous cyclicity, serum biochemistry, hormone levels, and ovarian histology. The DHEA+HFD combination model effectively mimicked PCOS characteristics and exhibited significant increases in body weight, disrupted estrous cycles, blood glucose, lipid levels, testosterone, estrogen, and LH levels, with decreased FSH levels. Liver and kidney function markers were also altered, indicating systemic effects. Further, histological examination of ovaries revealed cyst-like follicles and reduced corpus luteum formation, resembling PCOS ovarian morphology. Moreover, DHEA alone induces reproductive changes without significant metabolic alterations, and HFD alone showed slow progression of metabolic features, but the combination group rapidly induced both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities within 20 to 30 days. The synergistic effect highlights the potential role of diet in exacerbating PCOS symptoms. Current study presents a rat model that comprehensively replicates PCOS features in a shorter timeframe. This combination model is valuable for investigating PCOS pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, these findings underscore the importance of considering nutritional factors in PCOS management and open new avenues for research into the intricate relationship between PCOS-related metabolic and reproductive abnormalities.
Anticancer effect of postbiotic derived from fermented milk of Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 on HT-29
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Parmar, Urmila; V, Sreeja; S, Kiran; H S, Sandhya; Jakhesara, Subhash
There is increasing interest in postbiotics as potential therapeutic agents due to their biofunctional properties. As non-viable bacterial products or metabolites that offer health benefits, their anticancer potential warrants investigation. This study focuses on examining the effects of postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria fermented milk, specifically from Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463, on colon cancer cells. This study screened postbiotics (cell-free supernatants) derived from the fermented milk of four LAB strains for various biofunctional activities. The most promising postbiotic, derived from Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 was then assessed for its anticancer effects on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line using the MTT assay. The study used the RT-PCR method to examine the impact of the postbiotic on the expression levels of genes associated with apoptosis, including Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-8, cyclin D1, and p53. After 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment, the IC50 values of postbiotic were 3.0, 1.5, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Gene expression analysis via RT-PCR revealed upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Caspase-8) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and p53) in HT-29 cells treated with the postbiotic compared to untreated control cells. These findings suggest that the postbiotic derived from the fermented milk of probiotic MTCC 5463 could serve as a promising biological agent against colon cancer.
Effect of diclofenac on colonic motility in experimental irritable bowel syndrome
(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Omer, Demir; Tijen, Kaya Temiz; Fatma, Simsek; C, Kaplan Yusuf; Baris, Karadas; Selen, Akyol Bahceci; Gokhan, Koyluoglu
The goal of the study was to investigate the effect of non-selective COX inhibitor diclofenac on colonic motility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a tissue bath setup. IBS was provoked in rats by intracolonic injection of 0.5% acetic acid on postnatal days 8-21. At the end of the 8 weeks, tissue bath tests were carried out on distal and proximal colons. Diclofenac significantly lowered the mean pressure value (MPV) of distal colon in control rats (P<0.05) when compared in rats with IBS. Additionally, diclofenac had no significant effect on the MPV of spontaneous contractions in proximal colonic segments in both control and IBS. Histological examination revealed no significant differences between the groups. Immunoreactivity for COX-2 was significantly increased in distal colon of IBS rats compared with controls, while immunoreactivity for COX-1 was not different between groups (P<0.05). Increased COX-2 products may responsible from decreased diclofenac responses in distal colon of rats with IBS.

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