Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
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Item Investigation of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in packaged maize containing food products in Indian market: A regulatory study(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) Shiwani; Yadav, Pinky; Singh, MonikaIn compliance with the regulatory status of genetically modified (GM) maize and derived food products in India, checking unauthorized presence of GM maize in packaged food products from marketplace is required. This article details a pilot research to track the GM status of fifty samples of food products with maize as an ingredient where 12 were manufactured in the countries where GM maize products are commercially available. Amplifiability of DNA was first verified using endogenous gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR, or by inhibition test. Four transgenic elements were selected for the GMO tests, which could screen for 90% of the globally approved GM events of maize. PCR assays targeting screening elements, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (P-35S) and nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos), followed by real-time PCR assays targeting ctp2-cp4epsps and cry1Ab/Ac, were used to monitor their GM status. None of these samples were found GM positive based on the tests conducted indicating unauthorized presence of GM maize ingredients was not detected. Such regulatory studies will provide quality assurance that there are no unapproved GM events in the food products in the marketplace and the regulatory system is in place in the country.Item Orlistat mitigates nitrosative stress and enhances paraoxonase-1 activity in serum and tissues of induced obese rats(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) KILINÇ, Sevtap; ÖLÇÜO?LU, Rukiye; Y???T, Ay?e ArzuThis study examined the effects of orlistat, an anti-obesity medication, on nitrosative stress and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme activity in various tissues of rats with experimentally induced obesity. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, obese, and obese treated with orlistat (ORL). The ORL group received oral doses of 10 mg/kg/day for six weeks following an eight-week high-fat diet. During the study, body weights were monitored weekly, and various biochemical markers, including TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine, PON-1 enzyme activity, urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase, were measured after the rats were sacrificed. The ORL group had significantly lower body weights compared to the obese group (P < 0.05). Obesity increased levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha and nitric oxide) in serum, heart, and kidney tissues, as well as nitrotyrosine levels in serum, kidney, and testis tissues, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Orlistat treatment reduced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, nitric oxide, and nitrotyrosine in various tissues, as well as urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase levels, compared to the obese group (P < 0.05). Moreover, orlistat significantly increased PON-1 enzyme activity in the heart, kidney, and testis tissues compared to the obese group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that orlistat reduces inflammation and nitrosative stress and enhances antioxidant activity by increasing PON-1 enzyme levels. While orlistat shows promise as a therapeutic option for obesity, its systemic effects should be carefully considered.Item Antibacterial effect of silver and copper nanoparticles derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae-NSB2 strain against pathogenic bacteria(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) Madhav, Kunal; Pandita, Archana; Rani, DikshaThe rising threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has escalated the search for alternative antimicrobial solutions, including the use of nanoparticles. This study evaluated antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver (AgNP) and copper nanoparticles (CuNP), produced by the Klebsiella pneumoniae NSB-2 strain against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. UV-Visible spectrophotometry confirmed the synthesis of these nanoparticles, with absorption peaks at 421 nm for AgNPs and 419 nm for CuNPs. TEM analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 29.3 nm for AgNPs and 31.5 nm for CuNPs. AgNPs demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 µg/mL for both pathogens, while CuNPs had an MIC of 40 µg/mL for E. coli and 30 µg/mL for S. aureus. Both nanoparticles exhibited bactericidal activity at 40 µg/mL, with AgNPs showing greater antibacterial potency. Growth rate (µ) and doubling time (Td) analyses revealed that bacterial growth slowed, and doubling times increased in the presence of both nanoparticles. Results indicate that AgNPs were more effective at lower concentrations compared to CuNPs, underscoring their stronger impact on bacterial growth kinetics. This study suggests that AgNPs and CuNPs hold promise as alternative treatments for MDR bacterial infections, with AgNPs showing superior efficacy.Item Clinical relevance of CD70-CD27 axis in tumor microenvironment of patients with colorectal cancer(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) UZUNO?LU, Aylin Seher; UZUNO?LU, Merve Saide; SÖNMEZ, Dilara; Küçükhüseyin, Özlem; ARIKAN, Soykan; ?air, Esin; Ba?budar, Sidar; Do?an, Mehmet Baki; Akyüz, Filiz; YAYLIM, ?lhanImmune checkpoint molecules like CD70 provide a better knowledge of the tumor microenvironment. Some of the B and T lymphocytes express CD70 and it has a co-stimulatory factor on immune cells. When CD27 binds to its ligand (CD70), tumor cells can avoid detection by the immune system. We aimed to analyze the expression profiles of CD70, CD27, CD3, and FOXP3 molecules in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients and the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We also investigated if soluble CD27 has any predictive diagnostic value for tracking cancer. A western blot wet transfer technique was used to examine the expression profile. ELISA was used to determine the amount of soluble CD27 protein in the patient's sera. CD70 expression was found to be low (15.15%) in tumoral tissue, whereas CD27 was abundant (84.80%). Tumoral tissues had high recruitment of CD3+ lymphocytes (81,80%) and FOXP3+ Tregs (48.50%). According to our findings, the level of sCD27 in patient's serum was high (P<0.0001), and there clear correlations between high sCD27 serum levels with CD70 positive and CD27 negativity in tumoral tissues. Distant organ metastases were found to be significantly correlated with high sCD27 serum levels (P=0.05). Dysregulation of the CD70-CD27 axis within the tumor and its microenvironment is associated with tumor progression and immunosuppression. Tightly controlled expression of CD70 and CD27 plays a role in co-stimulation in immune responses.Item Anticancer potential of L-asparaginase impregnated selenium-cyclodextrin nanobiocomposite against mouse B-cell lymphoma cells(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) Baskar, G; Jessica, A; Yuvassri, R; Doris, B Vanessa; Aneesah, LA; Pravin, RLymphoma remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment due to its high prevalence and resistance to conventional therapies. There is a growing demand for innovative and targeted treatment strategies that can enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. The present work focuses on the synthesis of selenium-cyclodextrin (Se-CyD) nanobiocomposite of L-asparaginase using the co-precipitation method for drug delivery against lymphoma cells. The size of the synthesized Se-CyD nanobiocomposite was found to be 29.74 nm. Using a scanning electron microscope, the spherical shape of the nanobiocomposite was observed. The absorption of the nanocomposite was observed in the range of 200 to 600 nm using a double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks of transmittance at specific wavenumbers, indicating regions of low and high absorption due to the involvement of functional groups in the nanobiocomposite. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline structure of the nanocomposite by representing sharp and prominent peaks. The Methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on CH27 mouse B-cell lymphoma cell line loaded with Se-CyD nanobiocomposite showed 65.9% toxicity at a concentration of 100 ?g/mL. This concentration represents the IC50 value of the Se-CyD nanobiocomposite for the CH27 mouse B-cell lymphoma cell line. Thus, a combination of selenium and cyclodextrin nanocomposite coated with L-asparaginase proves to have anticancer properties.Item Effects of phycocyanin administration on some hormones and thermogenic factors related to metabolism in old mice(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) KORKMAZ, Didem; ALKAN, ?rem; YILDIZ, Hülya; MUTLU, Ay?e GülMaintaining metabolic homeostasis in elderly individuals is crucial for preventing metabolic diseases, as age-related metabolic irregularities, including insulin resistance, are common. Phycocyanin (PC), a phycobiliprotein derived from Spirulina, is known for its various bioactive properties and its applications in medicine, pharmacy, aquaculture, and the cosmetic industry. Given its potential as a nutritional supplement, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PC on key metabolic-regulating hormones; ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin and thermogenic factors; SIRT1 and UCP1 in old mice. A total of 15 male C57BL/6 mice, aged 12-15 months, were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (n=7) and a phycocyanin-administered group (n=8). PC was administered through drinking water at a dose of 150 mg/kg for a period of two weeks. Blood serum and adipose tissue samples were collected for subsequent analysis of hormone and thermogenic factor levels. According to our results, PC a significant increased adiponectin levels (1.98 ng/L) and a significant decreased ghrelin levels (1.48 ng/L). Considering the metabolic changes mediated by adiponectin in muscle and liver tissue, the fact that PC increases adiponectin levels in old mice is promising that it can compensate for some metabolic irregularities, especially insulin resistance, that develop with old age. Although the clinical effect of PC in reducing ghrelin levels in aged mice is not fully known, it may be useful in preventing weight gain that occurs with aging.Item Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel anthraquinone derivatives as potential therapeutics against breast cancer: In vitro and in silico approaches(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) Aldo?an, Ebru Hac?osmano?lu; Asgarova, Kamala; Vagifli, Fidan; Özkök, Funda; ?entürk, Mesut; Çap, Hilal; Onul, Nihal; Günçer, Ba?akMany traditional chemotherapeutic agents used for breast cancer cause systemic toxicity. Studies conducted on new-generation drug candidates have gained importance in recent years because of their low cytotoxicity and high anticancer effects. Anthraquinones and their derivatives are widely used for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized amino (5,7) and thioanthraquinone (3) derivatives. The effect of the compounds on cell viability was tested by the MTT assay using MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. Compound 7 showed the highest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 1.781 ± 1.4 and was therefore selected for further studies. The apoptotic effect of compound 7 was investigated using AnnexinV/Propidium Iodide (AV/PI) staining by flow cytometry, which revealed a significant increase in late apoptotic cells after 24h of treatment. Additionally, Caspase 3/7 activation was analyzed using fluorescence, which confirmed the induction of apoptosis by compound 7. In silico predictions of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis confirmed the drug-likeness of compound 7. Molecular docking studies were conducted to understand interactions with target proteins. Compound 7 showed lower binding energy scores for Caspase 3, P53, Cytochrome C and Bax than the reference drugs These findings suggest that compound 7 holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its mechanism of action and explore its potential in clinical applications.Item Noni fruit juice reverses the adverse effects of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol in rat spleen(The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2025-06) ESENER, Osman Behzat Burak; Y???T, Funda; GÜREV?N, Ebru GÜREL; SÖNMEZ, K?v?lc?m; YILMAZER, Nadim; AKTA?, Abit; DA?LIO?LU, Suzan; YERL?, Ozan; DÖLEK, Mehmet Sefa; ARMUTAK, Elif ?lkayNoni plant is recognized for its antioxidant properties and broad therapeutic effects. 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol (PNMC) poses toxic effects on various organs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PNMC, a substance to which both animals and humans are exposed through diesel exhaust particles and widely used pesticide fenitrothion, on the number of plasma cells in the spleen and also whether Noni could alleviate PNMC-induced spleen damage in rats by assessing spleen index, plasma cell counts, and levels of TNF-? and iNOS. Eight rat groups were treated with different doses of PNMC, either alone or combined with Noni, or only Noni, or vehicle (PBS with 0.05% Tween 80, s.c.) for five days. In histological analysis, plasma cells were counted in methyl green-pyronin stained sections, and TNF-? and iNOS levels were assessed immunohistochemically. PNMC exposure significantly reduced (P <0.001) plasma cell counts in the spleen, while Noni reversed this effect, particularly in the 10 mg/kg PNMC group. Noni caused a statistically insignificant decrease (P <0.05) in the TNF-? index in the 1 mg/kg PNMC group. A significant rise (P <0.001) in iNOS levels was observed in the 100 mg/kg PNMC+Noni group, while the 1 mg/kg PNMC+Noni combination significantly reduced (P <0.001) iNOS values. These findings indicate that the inflammatory response to PNMC and its modulation by Noni are dose-dependent. Notably, Noni restored plasma cell counts in inflamed spleen to levels comparable to the control group, suggesting its protective potential in PNMC-induced spleen damage.Item Fabrication and in vitro antifungal potential of nanoencapsulated eugenol against fungal contaminants of Calocybe indica(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Devi, S Shalini; Priya, L Aruna; Akshitha, Ch; Sreenivasulu, YFungal diseases pose a significant threat to mushroom crops, and the standard approach to controlling these diseases on farms globally often relies on fungicides. However, issues such as the development of pathogen resistance to fungicides due to frequent use and the sensitivity of mushrooms to these chemicals present serious challenges. To address these problems, incorporating herbal agents for disease prevention could contribute to a more sustainable mushroom industry. This study aimed to develop nanoencapsulated eugenol and assess its prolonged antifungal effectiveness. Four fungal competitors i.e., two Trichoderma spp, Penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp were isolated from Calocybe indica cultivating industries and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Carboxymethyl cellulose-based nonencapsulated eugenol was synthesized and its physical and chemical properties were determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Zeta sizer, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nanocapsules were found to be nearly spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 139.8 nm to 273.8 nm and possessed encapsulation efficiency of 90.6%. The conical flask paper cone method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of encapsulated eugenol required per centimeter cube. MIC values were recorded as 4.02 ?L/cm3 and 5.0 ?L/cm3 against Trichoderma spp, Penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp respectively. FTIR reports evidenced successful encapsulation of eugenol which might have interacted with CMC via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Further, in silico molecular modeling studies also showed CMC-eugenol complex formation by the interaction between the hydrogen atom of hydroxy group of eugenol with the oxygen atom of CMC. The binding energy of the docked structure was calculated to be -2.57 kcal/mol. Molecular docking results well supported the findings of FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The outcome of this study will help the mushroom cultivators prevent economic losses caused by fungal contamination.Item Regulatory activity of nobiletin on MAPK/NF-?B signaling pathway in indomethacin-induced gastric damage(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Uslu, Gözde Atila; Uslu, Hamit; Çoban, Taha Abdulkadir; Özkan, Ebru Barda?Nobiletin (NOB) is an important flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits such as Citrus depressa, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis and Citrus limon. Studies have demonstrated that effects are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, antiapoptotic, and antidiabetic. There are still limited studies on the efficacy of nobiletin on the pathways underlying gastric damage. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated both the effects of nobiletin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) signaling pathway, one of the pathways in indomethacin (IND)-induced inflammation and whether it has gastroprotective activity. NOB+IND and PAN+IND groups were treated with substances for 7 days (10 mg/kg NOB, 5 mg/kg PAN). On the 8th day, gastric damage model was created with a single dose of 100 mg/kg indomethacin. In indomethacin-induced gastric injury, nobiletin significantly decreased NF-?B-p65, MAPK levels and significantly increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the stomach. In addition, nobiletin administration caused a decrease in interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) and interleukin 1? (IL-1?) levels and an increase in interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels against indomethacin-induced inflammation. When the ulcerative areas were evaluated, it was found that ulcerative areas were significantly reduced in the nobiletin group compared to the indomethacin only group, and when the ulcer inhibition levels of nobiletin and pantoprazole administration were examined, both substances showed similar results. When these results were evaluated as a whole, it was determined that nobiletin had a candidate anti-inflammatory potential for the prevention of inflammation in the stomach and showed a strong gastroprotective effect.Item Antivenom potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Saha, Kanchan; Sarkhel, SumanaNanoparticle molecules have gained interest in medicine due to their properties of increased cellular uptake and efficacy. Keeping this in mind, the current study aimed to explore the neutralizing potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNP) against the venom of Vipera russelli, in in vitro and invivo studies. UV-Vis Spectra of CH-AuNP exhibited absorbance at 530 nm. Dynamic light scattering report corroborated that there was a formation of monodispersed nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter of about 89.65 nm. The zeta potential of CH-AuNP was found to be 24.7 mV. X-ray diffraction analysis of CH-AuNP which confirmed the cubic crystal shape of the gold nanoparticles. SEM studies of the synthesized CH-AuNP exhibited particle sizes ranging from 7 to 18 nm.In vitro haemagglutination, enzyme assays and coagulation effect of venom on blood were tested with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Invivoassays included lethality, haemorrhage and nephrotoxicity with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Results obtained in the anti-haemolytic assay with chitosan and CH-AuNP revealed 86.72% and 93.01% protection against viper venom induced haemolysis. The CH-AuNp also accorded significant protection against venom induced coagulation and proteolytic activity. The invivo studies revealed that the CH-AuNP neutralized venom induced lethargy and haemorrhagic activity. It can therefore be stated that the CH-AuNP can potentially have a therapeutic effect on venom induced patho-physiological changes.Item Acorus calamus L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. plant extracts potential as wood preservative against Gloeophyllum striatum decay fungus(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Meena, Rajesh Kumar; Dutt, Bhupender; Kumar, Rajneesh; Rai, DineshThis study aimed to assess the antifungal resistance of Acorus calamus and Parthenium hysterophorus plant extracts. Wood samples were treated with plant extracts at different concentrations: 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2%. For a period of 12 weeks, treated wood samples (Pinus roxburghii were tested for resistance to the brown rot decay fungus Gloeophyllum striatum. Wood samples treated with petroleum ether extract of A. calamus at 2% concentration showed the lowest mass losses (10.75%), and wood samples treated with the methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus showed the lowest mass losses (13.61%) at 2% concentration. Plant extracts of A. calamus and P. hysterophorus showed the highest antifungal activity and percentage fungus growth inhibition at 2.0% concentration. Maximum colonization was noticed for untreated wood samples, and the lowest was noticed at 2.0%. Antifungal properties of A. calamus and P. hysterophorus extracts were confirmed by a decay index test. After the decay test, chemical properties of wood samples were evaluated to confirm the efficiency of plant extracts, and it was observed that minimum losses of soluble extractives, lignin, and holocellulose of treated wood samples occurred at 2.0% concentration of extract. As per the findings of the present investigation, selected botanicals can be used for wood preservation and reducing the mass losses.Item Study and characterization of airborne microbial communities in indoor air of an urban polyclinic(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Djadi, Amina; Lachebi, Samia; Agouillal, Farid; Berabou, Welid; Cherifi, Nabila; Ladji, RiadBioaerosols in the medical environment have been identified as suspected agents for the transmission of nosocomial infections, and the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a concrete example. This study aims to provide a qualitative and quantitative estimation of bioaerosols within a polyclinic located in the northern part of Algiers, Algeria. It also involves analyzing the influence of the sampling duration and period on the variability of bioaerosols within different rooms of the polyclinic. The passive sampling technique carried out the measurement of airborne bacteria in five rooms of the polyclinic. Two sampling times were chosen, 30 and 60 min with three sampling periods of two days each. The bacterial bioaerosols were characterized by MALDI TOF-MS.The bacterial bioaerosol concentration was notable in the five rooms of the polyclinic, reaching a medium-risk level. There was no significant difference (P =0.847-1.116) observed in the sampling duration, and similarly results for the sampling period (P=0.093 -0.798). Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Raoultella were the most dominant defined bacteria. These bacteria can have a harmful effect on the health of patients and workers of the polyclinic.Item Hepatic and renal impairment and degenerative changes caused by carbon black nanoparticles in mice(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Rebelo, Sarita; Shaikh, Shamshad MCarbon-based nanoparticles (CBNPs) have shown a notable increase in demand and are progressively encountering human exposure as a result of their extensive utilization across diverse industries and applications making it imperative to conduct comprehensive investigations of their potential impacts on human health. This study represents the inaugural investigation into the toxicity of CBNPs when administered orally (gavage) to mice over 30 days, dosing 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg of the mice's body weight. The study depicted hyperactivity, social withdrawal, rolling behavior, the appearance of yellowish spots on the tail, alopecia, and a darkening of eye pigmentation. ALP and catalase levels decreased, ALT, AST, and glutathione levels increased, indicating liver and kidney physiological changes. High urea and creatinine levels indicated renal physiology disruption, whereas high bilirubin levels indicated hepatic physiology disturbance. Inflammation, necrotic foci, and binucleated cells were seen in kidney and liver tissue. The findings of the study suggested that the adverse effects resulting from exposure to CBNPs can be attributed to their tendency to aggregate, slow clearance rate, and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn impair enzyme activities. Therefore, it may be deduced that exposure to CBNPs may induce a disruption of physiological processes, culminating in the development of severe and perhaps fatal illnesses.Item Exploring the influence of cannabinoid system activation on axon sprouting: A study of ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) PAZARCI, Perçin; AKSOY, Gülsevinç; KAPLAN, Halil Mahir; LÜLEYAP, Ümit; ALPTEK?N, DavutAxonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS) often results in long-term neurological impairments due to the limited regenerative capacity of neurons. Identifying mechanisms and therapeutic agents that promote axon sprouting is essential for advancing treatments for neurological disorders. Cannabinoids, through their interaction with CB1 and CB2 receptors, have been implicated in neuronal development and regulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that proteins analyzed in this study, including ATP-dependent helicase (ATRX), Serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (STK24), Growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), Reticulon 4 (RTN4), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), play a crucial role in axon sprouting. The objective of this study is to determine whether the cannabinoid system, in conjunction with ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins, collectively influences axon sprouting. Therefore, the effect of ?-9-THC on the expression of ATRX, STK24, GDF10, RTN4, and PTEN proteins is examined. For this purpose, the neuronal cell line model (SH-SY5Y) was grown in culture and treated with ?-9-THC. The amounts of related proteins were measured by ELISA method and compared with control group. The administration of ?-9-THC significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of ATRX, STK24, and GDF10 proteins, whereas it had no significant effect on RTN4 and PTEN proteins. Given the stimulating role of ATRX, STK24, and GDF10 proteins in axon sprouting, it is reasonable to speculate that the activation of the cannabinoid system may enhance axon sprouting. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to future studies aimed at addressing nerve cell losses in conditions such as stroke, ischemia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's.Item Therapeutic effects of Erythrina variegata on primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis: An in silico analysis(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) M, Sneha; R, Preyenga; B, KayalvizhiPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps, while endometriosis (EM) is a condition where tissue like the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility. EM and PD commonly associated in nociceptive pathways and inflammatory responses. In this study, phytochemicals such as erycrystagallin, erystagallin A, eryvarine A, 4-hydroxy-6, 3, 5 triprenyl isoflavonone, eryvarinol A, orientanol B from E. variegata have been evaluated for its potential to regulate TNF, COX-1, COX-2, PGF 2? involved in the inflammatory pathway resulting in hypersecretion of prostaglandins thereby causing excessive constriction of uterine muscle, nerve sensitization which leads to unbearable pain in PD. Similarly, employing network analysis in STRING and Cytoscape along with molecular docking in PyRx, the phytochemicals were investigated for their potential against PSR, ESR1, SF1, CYP19A1, GATA6, and MMP2, which creates an epigenetic abnormality converting stromal cells to endometriotic lesions and triggering inflammation through excessive production of estrogen. Using Cytoscape, the ligands with strong ADMET characteristics were found, and their interactions with the targets were verified. Molecular docking was performed to visualise the target-ligand complexes with the lowest binding affinities between -9 and -9.9. Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions confirmed theligands' influence on the targets. E. variegata ceases primary dysmenorrhea from developing into endometriosis. Additionally, it minimises estrogen and progesterone imbalances associated with EM & PD.Item CRISPR/Cas9 mediated next generation gene therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) SOMUNCU, Makbule Nihan; YILDIRIM, Mahmut Selman; AYDIN, Cihan; ZAMAN?, Ay?e Gül; DURAN, Tu?çe; ALBAYRAK, Esra; KAVAKLI, Halil ?brahimPresent study, we aimed to manipulate the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is responsible for the etiopathogenesis of Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), in vitro. Mechanism of this molecular pathogenesis is based on encoding the BCR::ABL1p210 oncoprotein with excessive and irregular tyrosine kinase activity and eventually causes the CML phenotype. On the other hand, patients developing drug resistance or the side effects of bone marrow transplantation on mortality and morbidity strengthened our hypothesis that CRISPR/Cas9 could be an advance in preclinical studies in this research. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of K562 cells has been performed. Intronic sequences were detected by sequencing in the translocation of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene. Genome editing in CML cells was done by transfection of lipofectamine and electroporation. The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 on the BCR::ABL1p210 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Gene expression of the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion before and after CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation, which changed during the culture time, was compared logarithmic over the transcript values in the molecular response. We recorded that BCR::ABL1p210 manipulation showed an approximately 100-fold decrease in expression as (+1 log) before (-1 log) after CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation. Thus, the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion gene expression was significantly decreased by mediated CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation. As a result, the effect of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was revealed via the knockdown of the BCR::ABL1p210 in our study. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 can target the BCR::ABL1p210 fusion gene due to the interference effect.Item Evaluating antimicrobial potential of ozonated water in preliminary trials(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) Baferaj, Mohammed Abdulhakim O; Mathew, Merin; Ganji, Kiran Kumar; Selim, Samy; Elamir, Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed; V, RajeswariIn response to the growing demand for sustainable disinfection solutions, ozonated water emerges as a promising antimicrobial agent. This study evaluates the efficacy of ozonated water against microbial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans under standardized laboratory conditions. Sterile distilled water was ozonated using a portable ozone generator of 13 W for 30 min. Ozone concentration was confirmed using test strips. Nutrient broth and peptone water were used for bacterial and fungal growth, respectively. The study had three groups: negative control (uninoculated media), positive control (media inoculated with microbes) and test group (ozonated media inoculated with microbes). Microbial growth was assessed by solution turbidity after 24 h for bacterial species and 48 h for fungi. Additionally, the bactericidal and fungicidal activities were determined by transferring 10 mL of the test group sample into fresh nutrient broth and peptone water, followed by incubation. The results confirmed antimicrobial activity of ozonated water. Also, the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of ozonated group confirmed by the clear broth in the test group, like the negative control, suggests its applications in various domains including healthcare. Further research is necessary to evaluate its compatibility with various materials for optimal applications.Item Ameliorative effect of Modified Atkins Diet against aluminium chloride induced cognitive, behavioural and neurochemical impairments in rats(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-04) Jangwan, Nitish Singh; Singh, Mamta FDietary and metabolic therapies are emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment contender due to paucity of effective therapeutic interventions. Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is a less restrictive version of ketogenic diet and has higher compliance rate. Therefore, in the present study MAD treatment of different durations were investigated for their effect in Aluminium chloride induced AD in rats. Alzheimeric rats received MAD for a period of 4 weeks (treatment 1), 6 weeks (treatment 2) and 4 weeks of MAD + 2 weeks without any treatment (treatment 3). Treatment 2 showed significant decrease in escape latency in MWM while increase in working memory, discrimination ratio and locomotor activity in MWM, NORT and OFT respectively. All the treatments have a mild effect on body weight, body mass index and fasting blood sugar level. Treatment 2 significantly decreased total protein, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase level in alzheimeric rats. Treatment 2 also improved lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters when compared with toxicant control rats. Treatment 2 also improved brain cell histology in AD rats. Treatment 1 and treatment 3 caused moderate to slight improvement in animal models and biochemical study parameters in alzheimeric rats. Results of the study conclude that MAD treatment for 6 weeks significantly restored cognition, behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities of AD.Item Protective effects of Mito-TEMPO against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells(The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-05) ÇEL?K, Kübra; ERDO?AN, Mümin Alper; ARMA?AN, Güliz; B?R?M, Dervi?; TASKIRAN, DilekThe effects of mitochondria-targeted treatments have great promise in prevention of Parkinson Disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted chemical against neurotoxic damage induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to varying concentrations of rotenone (10 nM, 50 nM, 125 nM, 250 nM, 500 nM, 1000 nM) for 24 and 48 h. Mito-TEMPO (10, 100, and 1000 µm) was administered to the cultures at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 µM 2 h prior to rotenone exposure. Cell viability across groups was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed through Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot techniques, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified via the DCFH-DA method. Mitochondrial activation was examined with MitoTracker Green staining.All concentrations of Mito-TEMPO significantly protected cells against rotenone toxicity. There were significant apoptotic marks such as nuclear fragmentation and bax/bcl-2 & cleaved caspase-3 increase in rotenone group. Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects by reducing apoptotic alterations and decreasing ROS levels significantly. The alterations of mitochondria density and localization in rotenone-treated cells were prominent while there was no difference observed in Mito-TEMPO group. Overall, Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects against rotenone-induced toxicity.