Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News)

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The 2007 rabies in Asia congress at Bangalore, India
(2007-06) -, -
The 2007 rabies in Asia congress at Bangalore, India
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) . .
5th Asia Pacific congress of pathology, Singapore
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2008-06-22) Aileen Wee
The abscess formation of an infected urachal cyst in a Thai woman
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) Chalermporn Rojratsirikul
Background: Infected urachal cysts are rare clinical manifestations in older adults. A high level of suspicion is essential for the diagnosis of this condition. Objective: To describe the clinical features of infected urachal cysts, clues to the diagnosis, and the method of treatment. Patients: We treated a 68-year-old woman who presented with a midline suprapubic mass with pain and fever. Result: There were no post-operative complications. Pathological findings were consistent with an infected urachal cyst with a chronic abscess extending to the dome of the urinary bladder, without malignancy. There were severe acute and chronic abscesses in the omentum. Histological findings demonstrated vascularized granulation tissue with inflammatory cell infiltration beneath denuded urothelial lining. Conclusion: Complete excision of urachal cysts with a bladder cuff is recommended to avoid an uncommon development of carcinoma in unresected tissue, which has poor prognosis due to its late presentation and local invasion.
Accessory brachial artery: a case report, embryological background and clinical relevance
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2011-01-25) David Kachlik
Background: The accessory brachial artery (arteria brachialis accessoria) is a rare upper limb vascular abnormality, reported in less than one percent of cases. It is the artery originating from the axillary artery or the brachial artery, which rejoins the brachial artery further along its distal course within the arm or cubital fossa. Its detailed knowledge is necessary in transradial catheterization during coronary procedures, mainly due to its narrow caliber, which is responsible for the failure performance of the intervention.Objectives: We present a case of uncharacteristic branching pattern of the accessory brachial artery.Method: The case was observed during a routine dissection in the left axilla of a female cadaver at the Department of Anatomy at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague.Results: The infrapectoral part of the axillary artery gave rise to a branch that descended distally along the medial side of the arm. This artery accompanied firstly the ulnar nerve, then it diverted laterally towards the median nerveand coursed hidden behind it to re-enter the brachial artery within the distal part of the arm, next to the biceps brachii muscle. The calibre of the accessory brachial artery was two mm only.Conclusion: The accessory brachial artery is a rare variant of the upper limb vascular system and its prevailingly narrow lumen can cause a failure of the transradial/transulnar catheterization intervention.Keywords: Accessory brachial artery, anatomical variation, axillary artery, brachial artery, variant, variation
Accuracy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy dose calculations: verification based on-board conebeam CT imaging.
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2011-08) Tuntipumiamorn, Lalida; Iampongpaiboon, Porntip; Damrongkijudom, Nuanpen; Krongyuth, Khummook; Polwatsatian, Vinai; Jaikreng, Satja
Background: Patient’s conebeam computer tomography (CBCT) images have suggested a possibility for adaptive radiotherapy although the dose delivery is of structural complexity. It is of practical importance to verify and test the intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT) planning system for radiation therapy. Objective: Verify accuracy of dose calculations based on CBCT imaging. Materials and methods: Electron density calibration curve was generated for planning CT and CBCT data set using two CT phantoms (Gammex RMI® and Catphan® 600). Anthropomorphic head and neck phantom images were acquired from planning CT and CBCT. The routine IMRT technique was generated on the planning CT, which was applied to the CBCT. Dose distributions were computed. All LiF TLD-100 dosimeters were calibrated with gamma-ray. Forty-eight TLD measuring points were chosen in five different slices of the phantom. Measurements were repeated four times, and the average dose was compared to the reading doses on both CT and CBCT plans. Dose volume histograms (DVH) of various structures were generated, and dose statistics were analyzed. Results: Hounsfield unit obtained from Catphan phantom was similar between planning CT and CBCT. IMRT dose calculations based on the planning CT and CBCT agreed well with reading doses at 48 points. Statistical point doses by DVH calculation on CBCT were about 3% lower than those by the conventional CT. Dose ratios calculated over measured ones ranged from 0.82 to 1.09. Conclusion: Point doses and DVH calculations based on the planning CT and on-board CBCT were in acceptable agreement. CT phantom specifically designed for CBCT is recommended to improve accuracy of IMRT dose calculation on CBCT images.
Accuracy of liver volume measurement using multidetector computed tomography
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2008-06-22) Natthaporn Tanpowpong; Sudarat Yimpraphan; Laddawan Vajragupta; Boonchu Sirijindakul; Bunthoon Nunthasoot
Background: Measurement of liver volume has been used in planning radiotherapy dosimetry, assessing the progressiveness of various diseases and measuring the response to treatment. Objective: To measure liver volume using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and to evaluate the accuracy and inter-observer reliability of liver volume measurement using MDCT. Methods: Measurements were done using a track-ball to draw its outline manually, and calculate by summation of each slice volume which was measured in 8 mm thickness. The calculated liver volume was compared to the actual liver volume which was measured by water replacement. Results and conclusion: There was a strong correlation between the calculated and actual liver volumes performed by a radiologist and a technician (98.0% and 97.1% agreement, respectively). High observer reliability was identified (99.2% agreement). This technique can be easily used by well-trained personnel such as radiologists or technicians.
Accuracy of ultrasound in pediatric undescended testes
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2011-01-24) Teerasak Phewplung
Background: The undescended testis represents a common condition affecting male infants with significant clinical implications such as infertility and testicular malignancy. There is controversy as to the diagnosis when a clinical examination fails to identify a testis.Objective: Investigate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of undescended testis, and evaluate the correlation between the preoperative ultrasonographic data and operative findings.Material and method: Thirty-nine boys (age: 3months -12 years) with undescended testes were examined between January 2003 and December 2007. All the boys had undergone a sonogram performed for localizing the undescended testes. Only 20 boys were sent for inguinal exploration, or other surgical procedures for localizing the undescended testes. We calculated specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV), and the accuracy of ultrasonographic diagnosis in boys with undescended testes.Results: Twenty-nine undescended testes were included in this study. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 0%, PPV of 96%, NPV of 0%, and accuracy of 79% in the diagnosis of the undescended testis.Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity including NPV of uetrasound had the unsatisfactory outcomes.Keywords: Accuracy, pediatric, testis, ultrasound, undescended
Acid attacks in Cambodia: serious reminders of personal conflicts
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) James G. Gollogly; Say Bon Vath; Annika Malmberg
Throwing highly corrosive acid into someone’s face to cause the deliberate destruction of an individual’s appearance is a serious assault. Some victims die as a result of the attack, some are blinded, and all have their facial features marred for life, causing severe social isolation and ostracism, and leading some victims to commit suicide years after the attack. Acid attacks in Cambodia are commonplace occurrences: a personal revenge for a variety of interpersonal disputes and perceived insults. Similar attacks occur in other developing countries, most especially in South and South-East Asia, and the first case occurring in Canada was recently reported in the press. Children’s Surgical Centre (CSC) has seen and treated at least 195 patients with acid burns since 1998, and some of the characteristics of the individual circumstances and the surgical care are discussed.
Adenosine pretreatment attenuates angiotensin II-mediated p38 MAPK activation in a protein kinase A dependent manner
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2011-02-02) Hamid Yaghooti
Background: Adenosine is known as a protective and anti-inflammatory nucleoside. Angiotensin II is the main hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. It is associated with endothelial permeability, recruitment, and activation of the immune cells through induction of inflammatory mediators. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in inflammatory processes mediated by macrophages.Objectives: Investigate whether adenosine pretreatment modulates angiotensin II-induced MMP-9 expression and activation of signaling molecules.Methods: Human monocytic U-937 cells were treated with either adenosine or angiotensin II alone or angiotensin II following a pretreatment with adenosine. Supernatants were analyzed for MMP-9 activity by zymography method. MMP-9 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Activation of inflammatory mediators IκB-α,NF-κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, and STAT3 were analyzed by a multi-target ELISA kit. Association of Protein kinase A (PKA) in adenosine effects was studied by pre-incubation with H89, a selective PKA inhibitor.Results: Treatment of the cells with angiotensin II significantly increased MMP-9 production (p
Adrenomedullin administration alters vascular endothelial growth factor levels in rats in cold stress
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2011-01-24) Nuran Cikcikoglu Yildirim; Muhittin Yurekli
Background: Many endogenous peptides play important regulatory roles in angiogenesis by modulating endothelial cell behavior. Adrenomedullin (AdM) is one of such factors. Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are indistinguishable. Exposure to cold environment stimulates capillary angiogenesis.Objectives: Examine the effect of the bioactive peptide AdM on VEGF levels in rat liver, lung, brain, and heart tissues after cold stress treatment.Methods: Male wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, AdM treatment, cold stress and AdM+cold stress treated groups. In AdM-treated group, animals received intraperitoneal injection of AdM (2000 ng/kg body weight) once a day during a week. For the cold stress exposure, the rats were kept in separate cages at 10°C for a week.Results: The administration of AdM increased VEGF levels in all tissues in cold exposed rats.Conclusion: AdM may be a major regulatory factor in angiogenesis by modulating VEGF levels that is closely associated with cold exposure-related metabolic stimulation.Keywords: Adrenomedullin, angiogenesis, cold stress, rat, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Ageing feet and plantar arch characteristics of the Thai elderly
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) Siriporn Janchai; Dootchai Chaiwanichsiri; Nutsulee Silpipat; Jirayoo Tiamprasitt
Background: Ageing feet may lead to painful deformity and disability. There are different patterns of degenerative changes among each population. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of ageing foot disorders in healthy Thai older persons. Methods: A cross-section analytic study was done at the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, during September 2006 – August 2007. Healthy volunteers aged between 60-80 years old were recruited from urban areas of Bangkok. Medical status, musculoskeletal foot problems, plantar arch, and footwear used were assessed. Footprints were taken from standing, weight bearing position, and calculated for Staheli arch index. Factors for the foot disorders were analyzed. Results: There were 108 men and 105 women with a mean age = 68.7±5.4 years, mean body mass index (BMI) = 24.6±3.4 kg/m². Foot deformities were 87% (hallux valgus 45.5%, mallet toe 45%, hammer toe 25%, and claw toe 21.5%). Hallux valgus was more severe in women, having arch index value increasing with the severity. No other demographic or biomechanical variables including footwear types were found associated with foot deformities. More than 85% of the subjects had foot callus related to deformities and tight shoes. Thirty subjects (14%) had foot pain (1/5 of women, 1/20 of men). The pain resulted from plantar fasciitis, hallux valgus, callus, metatarsalgia, and improper footwear. Subjects with plantar fasciitis had higher BMI and higher arch index. Pes planus were more common in women (42% vs. 32%). Only 9% had pes cavus, all of when were men. The Staheli arch index showed good reliability in discriminating the plantar arch types. Conclusions: Ageing feet caused problems, mostly in women. Hallux valgus related to pes planus. Plantar fasciitis associated with overweight and pes planus.
Airflow inside the nasal cavity: visualization using computational fluid dynamics.
(2010-08) Zubair, Mohammed; Riazuddin, Vizy Nazira; Abdullah, Mohammed Zulkifly; Ismail, Rushdan; Shuaib, Ibrahim Lutfi; Hamid, Suzina Abdul; Ahmad, Kamarul Arifin
Background: It is of clinical importance to examine the nasal cavity pre-operatively on surgical treatments. However, there is no simple and easy way to measure airflow in the nasal cavity. Objectives: Visualize the flow features inside the nasal cavity using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and study the effect of different breathing rates on nasal function. Method: A three-dimensional nasal cavity model was reconstructed based on computed tomographic images of a healthy Malaysian adult nose. Navier-Stokes and continuity equations for steady airflow were solved numerically to examine the inspiratory nasal flow. Results: The flow resistance obtained varied from 0.026 to 0.124 Pa.s/mL at flow-rate from 7.5 L/min to 40 L/min. Flow rates by breathing had significant influence on airflow velocity and wall shear-stress in the vestibule and nasal valve region. Conclusion: Airflow simulations based on CFD is most useful for better understanding of flow phenomenon inside the nasal cavity.
Airway collapse after attempt of intubation in a patient with pharyngeal mucosal space abscess: a case report
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-02-17) Napadon Tangjaturonrasme
Background: Pharyngeal mucosal space abscess is a very rare deep neck infection. Due to the anatomical relationship with the pharyngeal airway, patient may have some signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction. Decision in airway management is important to reduce morbidity and be able to drain the abscess. Objective: To report a potential devastating airway complication in a patient with pharyngeal mucosal space abscess during intubation. Method: A patient with pharyngeal mucosal space abscess was treated and served as basis of this report. Results: After several attempts of oral intubation, the abscess was ruptured and caused acute upper airway obstruction. Surgical cricothyroidotomy was made, and converted to tracheotomy later to secure the airway. Abscess finally drained through vertical incision on the pharyngeal lumen without further complication. Conclusion: Serial aspirations should be considered in case of pharyngeal mucosal abscess to eliminate risk of ruptured abscess and airway collapse from intubation procedure. In case of successful intubation, small vertical incision on the pharyngeal wall might make adequate drainage without any scar post-operatively.
Alcohol-related diseases and alcohol consumption in Northern Thailand: a matched case-control study
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-02-09) Narongsak Noosorn; Rung Wongwat
Background: Alcohol consumption can cause a negative impact that has been documented well in the literature on health and behavior. Objective: To explore alcohol-related diseases in Northern Thailand. Materials and methods: A matched case-control study was conducted at the ratio of 1:2. The sample size was 500 subjects in the case group and 1,025 subjects in the control groups. Questionnaires were used to collect data by face-to-face questionnaire and then to analyze frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, odds ratio, and conditional logistic regression. Results: Alcohol drinkers were likely to suffer from mental diseases 3.89 times more than those who did not drink alcohol. Alcohol drinkers suffered by 2.6 times, 1.9 times, 1.7 times and 3.0 times from neurological diseases, gastritis, liver cancer, and liver cirrhosis, respectively, compared to non-drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol drinkers were at higher risk than non-drinkers for diseases. These findings should be considered in clinical assessment of disease.
Analysis of EEG dynamics in epileptic children during carbamazepine therapy
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-07-20) Khachidze I.; Gugushvili M.; Kapanadze N.; Koreli A.; Mamukashvili M.; Maloletnev V.
None
Anatomic direction of entry for botulinum toxin injection to treat the adductor spasmodic dysphonia in Thais.
(2010-08) Saeseow, Patchareeporn; Sartsungnern, Akkararat; Srirompotong, Supaporn; Chaisiwamongkol, Kowit; Chantaupalee, Thanarat
Background: Botulinum toxin injections into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle of the larynx is the most popular treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Injection is usually done by percutaneous transcricothyroid membrane with either electromyography (EMG) or fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FOL) to verify placement of the needle within the TA muscle. This procedure requires a working knowledge of three-dimensional anatomy of the larynx to establish the direction for the accurate placement of the needle. Objective: Find out the appropriate angles and depth of the needle for placement of percutaneous transcricothyroid membrane method of botulinum toxin injection by means of studying the larynges of Thai cadavers. Methods: The descriptive study was performed in 45 Thai freshly thawed cadavers. The angle of the needle from midline sagittal plane, the angle in superior relation to tracheal plane, and the depth from midline cricothyroid (CT) membrane to midlength of TA muscle were measured from the two views of photographs, anteroposterior and lateral. Results: The mean angle of 24.2±6.76ο (mean±SD) from the midline sagittal plane in male and 24.9±7.6ο in female were worked out. A mean angle in superior relation to the tracheal plane was 47.7±7.8ο and 51.4±9.6ο in male and female, respectively. The mean depth was 1.7±0.2 and 1.4±0.1 cm in male and female, respectively. Conclusion: The mean angles and depth of the needle insertion from the midline of CT membrane to the center of TA muscle in Thai laryngeal specimens were evaluated. These values were different from the studies in Caucasians, but it could provide a direct relationship to the build of the races. This knowledge may help laryngologists do this procedure more accurately with better outcome, especially in hospitals that have no EMG or FOL guide.
Anatomy of the facial nerve branching patterns, the marginal mandibular branch and its extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line.
(2010-08) Weerapant, Ekaritt; Bunaprasert, Tanom; Chokrungvaranont, Prayuth; Chentanez, Vilai
Background: Surgery of face and parotid gland may cause injury to branches of the facial nerve, which results in paralysis of muscles of facial expression. Knowledge of branching patterns of the facial nerve and reliable landmarks of the surrounding structures are essential to avoid this complication. Objective: Determine the facial nerve branching patterns, the course of the marginal mandibular branch (MMB), and the extraparotid ramification in relation to the lateral palpebral line (LPL). Materials and methods: One hundred cadaveric half-heads were dissected for determining the facial nerve branching patterns according to the presence of anastomosis between branches. The course of the MMB was followed until it entered the depressor anguli oris in 49 specimens. The vertical distance from the mandibular angle to this branch was measured. The horizontal distance from the LPL to the otobasion superious (LPL-OBS) and the apex of the parotid gland (LPL-AP) were measured in 52 specimens. Results: The branching patterns of the facial nerve were categorized into six types. The least common (1%) was type I (absent of anastomosis), while type V, the complex pattern was the most common (29%). Symmetrical branching pattern occurred in 30% of cases. The MMB was coursing below the lower border of the mandible in 57% of cases. The mean vertical distance was 0.91±0.22 cm. The mean horizontal distances of LPL-OBS and LPLAP were 7.24±0.6 cm and 3.95±0.96 cm, respectively. The LPL-AP length was 54.5±11.4% of LPL-OBS. Conclusion: More complex branching pattern of the facial nerve was found in this population and symmetrical branching pattern occurred less of ten. The MMB coursed below the lower border of the angle of mandible with a mean vertical distance of one centimeter. The extraparotid ramification of the facial nerve was located in the area between the apex of the parotid gland and the LPL.
Animal toxins: an overview
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) Visith Sitprija; Suchai Suteparak
Toxins in the environment, derived from animals, water and food, are a worldwide problem but much more prevalent in tropical and less developed regions. There, they also present a greater potential hazard to humans. We present a brief review of what has been the subject of classical and more recent studies from the Southeast Asia region.
Announcement
(Asian Biomedicine (Research Reviews and News), 2010-01-26) . .

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