International Blood Research & Reviews

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151216

ISSN: 2321–7219

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.sciencedomain.org/journal-home.php?id=28

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Aberrant Expression of CD19 in Early T-cell Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia-A Diagnostic Challenge
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-01) Mansoor, Neelum; Maqsood, Sidra; Shaikh, Sumera
A systematic approach is required to diagnose acute leukemia. Most of the cases are satisfactorily diagnosed and categorized into subtypes. However, a few cases pose diagnostic dilemma secondary to immunophenotypic aberrancies which are defined as antigens that are normally restricted to a different lineage and expressed by a neoplastic population while absent from its normal non neoplastic counterpart. We report a rare case of Early T-cell PrecursorLymphoblastic Leukemia with aberrant expression of CD19. A 7-year-old boy referred to our hospital with his cervical lymph node biopsy reported as lymphoproliferative disorder. The patient was COVID-19 positive. Chest X-ray showed mild right sided pleuraleffusion with huge mediastinal mass. Flow cytometry on peripheral blood used to establish the diagnosis. The case is reported to improve knowledge regarding aberrant expression of markers. Hematopathology teams should be aware of this phenomenon so that appropriate workup can be done to reach correct diagnosis.
ABO Blood Group System: Its Association with Anthropometric Indices among Young Adults of Yoruba Ethnicity
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2019) Asafa, M. A.; Ogunlade, O.; Bolarinwa, R. A.; Bisiriyu, L. A.; Eluwole, O. A.; Asafa, S. T.; Oderinu, K. A.
Introduction: The ABO blood group system is unique in immunology and haematology because it is the only system in which antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal individuals whose red cells lack the antigens. Several epidemiological studies have reported that the distribution of different ABO blood groups vary markedly among the populations of different geographical areas reflecting racial differences. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between ABO blood group and anthropometric indices among apparently healthy young adults of Yoruba ethnicity. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Physiological Sciences and University Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife between May 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Eighty apparently healthy young adults who were purposely selected participated in the study after screening for the ABO blood groups following the standard protocol. They were divided into four equal groups; 20 in each of blood groups A, B, AB and O who were age- and sex - matched. The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants were measured following standard protocol. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were estimated from weight and height using Quetelex and Mosteller formulae respectively. Chi-square was used to compare grouped data while the comparison of means of parameters among the four blood groups was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: Out of the total 80 participants, 15% were males. The mean ± SD of height(m) of participants with blood groups A, B, O and AB were 1.65 ± 0.06, 1.63 ± 0.08, 1.62 ± 0.08 and 1.63 ± 0.08 (F= 0.349, p= 0.790) respectively. The mean ± SD of weight(kg) of the participants with blood group A,B, O and AB were 56.15 ± 8.71, 56.00 ± 11.21, 57.10 ± 12.73 and 58.05 ± 10.35 (F= 0.154, p= 0.927) respectively. The mean ± SD of BMI in kg/m2 for blood groups A, B, O and AB were 20.74 ± 3.22, 20.86 ± 2.91, 21.79 ± 5.10 and 21.91 ± 4.21 (F= 0.472, p= 0.703) respectively while the mean ± SD of BSA (m2) for blood group A, B, O and AB were 1.60 ± 0.12, 1.59 ± 0.19, 1.60 ± 0.18 and 1.62 ± 0.15 (F= 0.098, p= 0.961) respectively. Conclusion: AB Blood group may be predisposed to metabolic syndrome due to the higher mean of weight, BSA and BMI found in this group.
Adverse Events Encountered in Platelet Aphaeresis Procedure and Their Management: A Retrospective Study
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2019) Gupta, Prakriti; Sharma, Dharmesh Chandra; Yadav, Umesh Chandra; Bindal, Jyoti
Background: Platelet aphaeresis is an essential procedure, which meets the demand of single donor platelets (SDP) effectively. The procedure is well tolerated by donors with fewer side effects. Adverse events in Platelet aphaeresis have been reported from as low as 0.32 to 6.81%. Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to ascertain adverse events observed in a large cohort of platelet aphaeresis procedures and determining management strategies to resolve them. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from January 2012 to May 2019 in Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Donors for Platelet aphaeresis were selected based on the standard criteria of National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2017 and Platelet aphaeresis protocol. Leukoreduced SDP were collected by Haemonetics® MCS +, having Leukoreduction bag system. Adverse events encountered were noted and categorized. Results: A total number of 1600 Plateletpheresis procedures were conducted to prepare SDP and transfused to 1054 patients. A total of 24 out of 1600 plateletaphaeresis procedures reported adverse events (1.5%). Donor related adverse events were 16 (66.6%), Kit related 4 (16.66%) procedure related were 4 (16.66%). Three out of 24 procedures were terminated prematurely, 1 due to severe hypocalcaemia (ACD effect) in donor and 2 due to bowl leakage. Conclusion: Platelet aphaeresis is a safe procedure for donors if done expertly while exercising caution. Adverse events reported are minimal and manageable.
Afro Medicinal Plants a Promising Remedy for Sickle Cell Anemia
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Ahajumobi, NE; Asika, JC.
Background: Sickle cell anemia is a disease that affects largely Africans and people in the tropics. It affects an average of 7.74 million and the mortality rate was 376,000 in the year 2021. Sickle cell disease was discovered in 1910 by a Famous scholar Herrick who described it as a hematological (Blood) disease and nearly three decades later, in 1949, Linus Pauling discovered the pathology of sickle cell anemia. Through molecular studies we further learned that sickle cell disease is caused by certain abnormalities in the hemoglobin of the patient, which costs millions of lives, plant products offer hope. Aims: The objectives were to determine the plants that are in use and the consensus clinical evidence about the plants and sickle cell diseases treatment. To provide easy access to consensus evidence to busy healthcare professionals and to educate the public. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Walden University, Minneapolis, USA, between July 2022 and October 2023. Methodology: A systematic review supported by a community approach to intervention services and native medicine theories supported the study. Search engines were Safari, Google, Google scholar, and Firefox. Results: Showed that while there were various approaches adopted by modern medicine to provide palliative care for persons with sickle cell diseases, which were directed at raising depleting nutrients, preventing infections and delaying the gelling point of the erythrocyte, no significant achievement has been made at reducing the disease and treating it effectively. Also, over 80% of the patients cannot afford the cost of the treatment. Thankfully, phytochemical compounds isolated from some medicinal plants- Carica papaya, Piper guineense, Cajanus cajan, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Terminalia catappa L, and formulations made from them such as Niprisan and Ciklavit, which have been approved for use for treating sickle cell diseases stands to be sustainable and efficacious offer hope. Outcome will bring a significant social change in local and global public health and economic activities. Conclusion: Clinically tested phytochemical compositions of implicated plants, herbal preparations, and specific nutrients investigated in this study possess anti-sickling properties and a couple of the preparations have been approved for sickle cell disease treatment in Nigeria.
Analysis of Donor Deferral in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-08) Olusanya, Temitope O.; Ogunlowo, Abimbola; Boyede, Olusola T.; Okafor, Uchenna S.; Onifade, Adedolapo A.; Fayiga, Ayodele; Adaramola-Adepegba, Mary F.; Adeniyi, Oluwasegun J.; Kemiki, Olalekan A.; Abiodun, Ifeoluwa S.
Aim:This study aimed at evaluating the deferral pattern among blood donors, in order to draw out lessons that will help canvass for a strengthened policy framework and encourage better outcomes in voluntary blood donation. Study Design:This was a retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study:All the data were sourced from the central database of donors, as recorded by the Haematology Department of Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria. The data used spanned through a period of 5 years, from 2017 to 2021. Methodology:A total of 7,362voluntary and non-remunerated blood donors were included in this study. Their records were accessed and used for the study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The level of statisticalsignificance was set at P < 0.05.Results:In this study, half (50.2%) of the entire population of volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 30 years while only 3.7% of them were between 51 and 60 years of age. There were more male volunteers for blood donation compared to the females who only represented 10.8% of the population. 61% of the voluntary donorswere accepted for blood donation while 39% were regarded as unfit and hence, deferred. The 3 main reasons for deferral in this study were inadequate hemoglobin (54.7% of deferral cases), unmatched blood group (30.9%) and transfusion transmissible infections (14.4%). Age and gender had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the pattern of deferral of the volunteers. Conclusion:The high deferral rate observed in this study may reveal an urgent need for a community-based intervention and targeted efforts by necessary agencies to help improve the general health status of possible future voluntary blood donors.
Anesthesia Management in an Eclampsia Patient
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-09) Sirait, RH.
Eclampsia is always considered as a very serious complication of pregnancy which is responsible for numerous maternal and perinatal mortality in global setting. Eclampsia is characterized by seizures in a pregnant or postpartum patient as a result of hypertension. It is an escalation of preeclampsia, which is characterized by high blood pressure associated with pregnancy and is usually accompanied by protein in the urine. This report a case of eclampsia diagnosed in a pregnant woman which underwent anaesthesia management prior to section caesarea. Role of an anesthesiologist in this case is basically to help the obstetrician in charge to prepare the patient for safe operation and prevent any complication. The case is being reported to improve awareness regarding this life threatening entity in women. Case Presentation: A 27 years old (G2P0A1) patient at 36 weeks of gestation, referred to our ER with a history seizure, reduced consciousness with a bitten tongue and gestational hypertension. Her vital signs: NIBP 185/115 mmHg, HR: 90 beats/minute, RR 38x/minute, SpO2 96-97% on NRM 10 lpm. The patient has been infusion with a 5% Dextrose + 6 g MgSO4 (2 g IV + 4 g drip) and a 100 ml Dower Catheter from the regional general hospital. Working diagnosis when admitted to our hospital was 36 weeks of pregnancy G2P0A1 with severe eclampsia and gestational hypertension. Physical and laboratory examinations showed that the lungs showed smooth wet rhonchi (+/+), then on the extremities there were bilateral leg edema with hemoglobin of 10.8 g/dL, hematocrit 33.9%, platelet count was 85.000/mm3, and proteinuria +2. The clinico-pathologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of eclampsia. The patient was planned for Sectio Caesaria (SC) Cito with general anesthesia. After 7 minutes incision, the baby was born with an APGAR ssore 6/9. The operation procedure took 40 minutes. After surgery the patient transferred to ICU room, connect to ventilator, infusion of MgSO4 was continued, hemodynamic improvement, awareness, extubated, and then discharge from ICU because the anticipated medical complications did not arise and the patient has been deemed fit for step down care.
Anti Colton-A Foeto-Neonatal Haemolytic Disesase: Diagnosis; Clinical Outcome and Family Study
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-01) Gessoni, G.; Collodel, L.; Vaccara, I.; Pivetta, M.; Mancuso, T.; Lago, P.; Cattarozzi, A.; Revelli, N.; Barzan, A.; Cavicchioli, P.
The authors report a case of neonatal haemolytic disease (HDN) attributable to maternal allo immunization to a high frequency antigen present on paternal red blood cells which have been identified as Colton-a (Coa).The case seemed worthy of reporting not only for the relative rarity of HDN from anti Coabut for the rigorous approach followed in the immunohaematological follow-up of pregnancy and for the diagnostic effort expended in identifying the specificityof the antibody. A family study of ascendants, collaterals and descendants was also carried out using genotyping techniques.
Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C on Some Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Lead Acetate
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-06) Ojeka, S.O; Ukoro, Blessing; Onwoke, Ebebi Elizah
The study investigated the effects of vitamin C on platelet parameters, white blood cell count and white blood cells differentials in Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate. A total of twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing between 160g and 200g were utilized. The experimental animals were divided into four groups of six rats each (n=6). Group 1 served as the control group (received normal feed and water), group II received 10mg/kg body weight of lead acetate, group III received 100mg/kg body weight of Vitamin C, and group IV received 10mg/kg body weight of lead acetate followed by 100mg/kg body weight of Vitamin C. Lead and Vitamin C, along with normal feed, were administered for four weeks. Blood samples were collected via jugular puncture and stored in EDTA bottles for analysis to determine the blood profile of the rats. The results showed significant increase in Platelet Count (PLT) in group III and a significant decrease in Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in group IV (Pb + vitamin C). The Mean Platelet Width (MPW) showed decrease in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to the control group, although this decrease was not statistically significant. The study also noted an elevated level of white blood cells (WBC) in response to the antioxidant treatment, indicating a potential positive impact on immune function. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of Vitamin C against the toxic effects of lead on platelet parameters and white blood cell count and differentials.
Antipuritive Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Moringa oliefera on Alcohol-induced Haematoxicity in Wistar Rats
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2019) Ekpo, Grace; Ofem, Eteng; Bassey, Stella; Abam, Kenyoh; Arikpo, Iwara; Enobong, Joe; Ufot, Saviour; Ekam, Victor
Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis. Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract. Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias. Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of Anthocyanins Extracts from Adansonia digitata L. Barks on Sickle Blood Cells.
(2014-09) Mpiana, P T; Misakabu, F S; Tshibangu, D S T; Ngbolua, K N; Mwanangombo, D T
Background: Parts of baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) including especially the barks are commonly used for their medicinal properties. Aims: The aim of this work is to evaluate the antisickling activity of baobab tree barks, which are used in Congolese traditional medicine to manage Sickle Cell Disease. Study Design: Baobab tree barks was extracted with water by maceration. Phytochemical tests were conducted with standard procedures. Antisickling activity and the minimum concentration of extract required to normalize sickled cells was determined by Emmel test. Place and Duration of Study: This work was done at department of chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Kinshasa (DR Congo), between November 2012 and February 2013. Methodology: The barks collected from Adansonia digitata were dried and powdered. A chemical screening was perform and extraction of anthocyanins done. Antisickling activity was evaluated by Emmel test, membrane stability by osmotic fragility test and Fe3+ evolution by following solution absorbance at 630nm. The rate of sickle cell shape normalization was determined at different plant aqueous extract concentrations in order to determine the minimal concentration of extract required to normalize sickle cells. The shape modification was quantitatively evaluated from the values of parameters such as surface, radius and perimeters of sickle blood cells before or after treatment with plant extract using Motic software. Results: The aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata showed an antisickling activity with a maximal normalization rate of 65.7% and a minimal concentration required to normalize sickled cells of 5.0mg/mL. The cell surface, perimeter and radius were significantly different before and after treatment with plant extract. The chemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols among which anthocyanins. The biological activity of this plant would be due to these pigments. The anthocyanins extract have also shown a stabilization effect on sickle blood red cells membranes and a reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin effect Conclusion: The results obtained show significant antisickling activity of Adansonia digitata barks thus justifying the use of this plant by traditional healers in Congolese traditional medicine in the management of Sickle Cell Disease.
Assessing Abo and Kell Blood Group Phenotypes and Antigens in Donated Blood Units at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-12) Nurudeen, YO; Igbeneghu, C; Oyeleke, KO; Nassir, SA.
Introduction: The ABO blood group system is the most clinically recognized and routinely investigated blood group system in donated blood used for transfusions in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to its immunogenicity and the potential for antibodies against ABO antigens to cause the destruction of transfused red blood cells. However, research has shown that the unrecognized Kell antigen and its associated phenotypes also have potent immunogenic potential that could contribute to transfusion reactions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of ABO and Kell blood group antigens in 287 donated blood units at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 287 blood units donated between February and November 2022 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, were analyzed using standard serological techniques. Positive and negative controls for red blood cell antigens were included with each batch of samples to ensure accuracy. For each blood unit, 2 mL of blood was drawn into a plain container, and ABO and Kell blood grouping was carried out using the slide technique for direct agglutination of antigens with their corresponding antibodies and the tube method for the indirect antiglobulin test. Results: Out of the 287 donated blood units, the distribution of ABO blood groups was as follows: A 62 (21.6%), B 46 (16.0%), AB 17 (5.9%), and O 162 (56.5%). The frequency of identified Kell blood group antigens was: K+ 17 (6.0%), K- 270 (94.0%); k+ 22 (7.7%), k- 265 (92.3%); Kpa+ 34 (11.9%), Kpa- 253 (88.1%); and Kpb+ 21 (7.3%), Kpb- 266 (92.7%). Distribution of Kell phenotypes was as follows: K+k- 80 (27.9%), K-k+ 95 (33.1%), K+k+ 77 (26.8%), K-k- 35 (12.2%); Kp (a+b+) 66 (23.0%), Kp (a+b-) 15 (5.2%), Kp (a-b+) 206 (72.0%), and Kp (a-b-) 0 (0%). Conclusion: This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of Kell phenotypes and its blood group antigens in donated blood units at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The findings call attention to the importance of considering these antigens, alongside the ABO system, as they may influence transfusion outcomes, in terms of immunogenicity and the risk of transfusion reactions.
Assessment of Antiphospholipid Antibodies, CD4 Count and Some Haematological Parameters in HIV Patients attending a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2018) OluSola, Olayanju Ayodeji; Temitope, Afolabi; Ezigbo; Doris, Eyiuche; Samson, Enitan Seyi; Olatundun, Oluwatayo Beatrice
Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are the serological markers used in the diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). HIV infection has been associated with an elevated aPls level, but its link to the APS with clinical thrombosis is still been investigated. This study is designed to determine and correlate serum level of antiphospholipid antibodies with CD4 count and some haematological parameters of HIV seropositive subjects in comparison to those of healthy controls and also to compare these parameters between antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve and treated patients. Methodology: A cohort of 110 patients which consist of 90 HIV positive Patients (22 males and 68 females) and 20 HIV negative patients (10 males and 10 females) which serve as control attending Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria were recruited for the cross-sectional study. HIV antibodies were detected using 3 rapid diagnostic kits (Determine, Unigold and Stat Pak). CD4+ cells were counted using Partec® Cyflow Counter (Germany). The Full Blood Count was analyzed using the Sysmex® Automated Haematology Analyzer (Kobe-Japan). Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were assayed using the Human Anti-Phospholipid Screen IgG/IgM ELISA kit (Alpha Diagnostic International, Texas, USA). Results: The present study showed that the mean serum antiphospholipid antibody level was significantly (P<0.001) higher in HIV positive Patients (11.83±7.36u/ml) compared to the control group (7.30±3.95u/ml). While on one hand, there was a strong positive correlation between serum aPLs level and PLT (r= 0.044), MCHC (r= 0.084) and LYM (r= 0.105) in HIV infection; on the other hand, there was a strong negative correlation with CD4 count (r= -0.094), PCV (r= -0.099), Hb (r= -0.072), RBC (r= -0.003), WBC (r= -0.063), MNO (r= -0.213), GRA (r= -0.003), MCV (r= -0.023) and MCH (r= -0.005). Also, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) between the aPLs level of HIV group on ART (11.44±7.74 u/ml) and those not on ART (12.00±7.24 u/ml). Some haematological parameters like PLT, PCV, Hb, RBC and red cell indices of the HIV group on ART did not differ significantly from those not on ART. However, the CD4 count (638.89±119.56 cell/?L), WBC (5.38±1.49X103/?L), LYM (51.43±7.99%) and GRA (46.30±10.18%) of the HIV group on ART were significant higher than those not on ART (465.30±145.92 cell/?L, 4.55±1.57X103/?L, 42.23±10.96% and 39.10±7.81%, respectively). Conclusion: Significant elevated aPLs level is present in HIV infection; however, the information obtained is not sufficient to indicate the occurrence of anti-phospholipid syndrome in HIV infection. There was no strong relationship between aPLs level and indicators of immunohaematological abnormalities in HIV infection. This finding is plausible and would therefore require further investigation.
Assessment of Blood Storage Effect Using CPDA-1 on Packed Cell Volume, Oxyhaemoglobin and Methaemoglobin in Different ABO/Rhesus Blood Types
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2019) Christian, Serekara Gideon; Eze, Evelyn Mgbeoma; Nkom, Ndueghe Ebenezer
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of blood storage using CPDA-1 on packed cell volume, methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin in different ABO/Rhesus blood types donated by some residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: This is a comparative study aimed at evaluating the effect of storage on the levels of methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and packed cell volume using CPDA-1. A total of eight donors were recruited with each sample obtained from the eight (8) known blood groups A+,B+,O+,AB+, A-,B-,O-,AB- and analysis of samples were in triplicate. The donors were adult males with age ranging from 35-45 years and they were apparently healthy and free from transfusion transmissible infections. The different blood group samples were stored for 30 days and samples for analysis were collected at 5 days interval. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. All blood donors were residents of Port Harcourt. Blood donated was stored at Military Hospital Blood Bank, Port Harcourt, in a blood bag of 450 ml containing 63 ml of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). The analysis was carried out at Rivers State University, Post Graduate Laboratory within March 1st to May 27th, 2019. Methodology: A total of eight (8) different ABO/Rhesus blood types (A+,B+,AB+,O+,A-,B-,AB- and O-) were collected and stored using a blood bank refrigerator at temperature of 4°C. Day 0 was taken to be control and 5 days intervals in-between to day 30 acted as the test. Packed cell volume was estimated using micro-haematocrit method while oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels were estimated spectrophotometrically as described by Evelyn and Malloy. Results: The result showed a significant decrease in mean packed cell volume, oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels compared to a higher mean of these parameters in the control; and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) across all blood groups under study. The decrease in values were as a result of haemolysis that occurs during storage. Conclusion: Storage of blood irrespective of the blood group type using CPDA-1 for 30 days indicates that there are “storage lesions”. This is attributed to red cell haemolysis and ageing of red blood cells. In general, all blood types showed no significant difference in their haematological (packed cell volume, methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin) characteristic deterioration or storage lesion based on blood type differences. It is therefore necessary to state that storage lesion characteristics are the same irrespective of the blood type, and that fresh blood be transfused, and if blood is stored, prolonged storage beyond 10 days should be avoided.
Assessment of Coagulation and Haematological Parameters among Pregnant Women in Port Harcourt
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-01) Echonwere-uwikor, Beauty Eruchi; Uwikor, Fred Kpane; Chukuigwe-Igbere, Orokwu Eziaku; Chukwu, Priya Homa; Worlu, Gift Ogechi
Background:Pregnancy is the fertilization and development of an embryo or fetus in a woman's uterus. Itis a critical stage of development during which maternal nutrition can strongly influence obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy on some coagulation and haematological parameters of pregnant women residing in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Method: This case-control study investigated 80 pregnant subjects and 20 non-pregnant controls. Haematological parameters were determined using a fully automated The SysmexXP-300, while the coagulation parameters (PT and INR) were determined with the automated method. Results:The mean PT (s), HB (g/dl), PCV (%), PLT (x109/L), RBC (mcL), LYMPH (%), BASO (%) and EOSIN (%) counts were significantly lower among the pregnant subjects (5.02±5.82, 11.00±1.13 g/dl and 33.81±3.89%, 189.6±52.93 × 109/L, 3.95±0.50, 43.93±10.10 %, 0.9385±1.08 %and 1.12±1.32 %) compared to the non-pregnant controls (1.68±2.37, 12.01±1.29 g/dl, 37.31±3.39 %, 235.6±72.37 × 109/L, 4.45±0.35, 43.24±9.06, 2.11±0.94 and 2.15±1.47) respectively. There were no significant differences in the INR, MONO (%), MPV (fl), MCV (L/C), and MCH (g/c) between the pregnant subjects (0.92±0.11, 5.41±2.59 %, 11.67±4.848, 84.26±3.77 and 28.06±3.54) and non-pregnant controls (0.88±0.11, 5.58±2.65, 11.14±5.45, 82.52±10.45 and 26.96±1.85). The NEUT (%), PDW (%) and WBC (x109/L) were significantly higher among the pregnant subjects (44.90±11.24 %, 13.26±2.56 % and 8.35±2.982 x109/L) compared to the non-pregnant controls (46.63±9.96 %, 10.78±1.80 % and 4.71±0.81 x109/L). Conclusion:This study has shown that pregnancy has a significant effect on some haematological and coagulation parameters of pregnant women in Port Harcourt. The result of this research work indicates the need to routinely monitor the complete blood count, thrombocytopenia and hyper-coagulative activity among pregnant women of African descendant.
Assessment of Infection Control Practices in Bolan Medical Complex and Sandeman Provincial Hospital of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-09) Nargus, Shumaila
Pakistan has a double burden of disease, with more than 40% of the population suffering from infectious diseases. Therefore, in order to lower the risk of dangerous, avoidable infections among patients and healthcare staff, effective hospital infection control programmes are crucial from both an economic and a therapeutic standpoint. The goal of the study was to locate any gaps in current infection control and preventive procedures. The two teaching hospitals Bolan Medical Complex and Sandeman Provincial Hospital in Quetta were the sites of this cross-sectional investigation. In the SAMPLE, 161 people participated. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to analyse the data, which was gathered via data sheets and questionnaires. The findings revealed that the Infection Control Committee (ICC) member's view of health-associated infections (HAIs) was ultimately determined to be inconsequential (P=0.6), and their perception that the staff education level may be a contributing factor was also shown to be unimportant (P=0.1). The operation theatre, labour room, lab and blood bank, OPD, and wards at BMC were evaluated in reference to the steps taken there for infection control and prevention, and the results were observed 30, 25, 15,14, and 15 accordingly. It was shown that the primary reason for the poor results was the negative perception of the ICC towards infection control and prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to alter how ICC is seen.
Assessment of Plasma Levels of Calcium, Creatinine and Glucose among Hypertensive Patients in Edo State, Nigeria
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-12) Umeche, IE; Nwoka, NC; Osahenye, PC; Obi, CU; Ogueze, AC.
The present study needs to assess the plasma levels of calcium, creatinine and blood glucose among hypertensive patients in Edo State, Nigeria in order to ascertain whether plasma levels of these parameters are associated with hypertension in this population which will provide improved insight on proper management of hypertensive conditions. Several hereditary and lifestyle factors, including nutrition, influence blood pressure. In this regard, sodium is an important mineral that, in addition to its functions in fluid balance, action potential generation, digestive secretions, and nutrient absorption, also plays a key role in blood pressure regulation, with lower sodium intake linked to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. patients compared with their non-hypertensive counterparts. This could be as a result of an overactive parathyroid gland leading to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone and the attendant increase in plasma calcium level. Regular screening for the plasma level of calcium, creatinine and blood glucose should be considered as routine tests for hypertensive patients. Adequate awareness of the risk of ignoring these parameters in hypertensive patients should be ensured.
Assessment of Protein C and Protein S of Pregnancy Loss Victims
(International Blood Research & Reviews, 2019) Igwe; Ada, Chioma; Charles, Adias Teddy; Mgbeoma, Eze Evelyn; Ogechi, Nwachuku Edna
Background: The haemostatic changes that result in thrombophilia during the pregnant state have been linked to pregnancy loss. Objective: Assessment of Protein S, and Protein C assays in pregnancy loss victims in Abia State, South East, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving women in their reproductive years. Study population was stratified into 3 groups and the Protein C and Protein S concentrations measured and compared among the three groups. Results: A total of 130 apparently healthy Nigerian women of child-bearing age were enrolled in the study. The study groups consisted of 70 women who had just lost a pregnancy, 30 women with normally progressing pregnancy and 30 nonpregnant women. The protein C concentration for the pregnancy-loss subjects was significantly lower than that of the normal pregnancy at p ? 0.01 while that of Protein S showed non-significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Protein C deficiency is associated with increase in pregnancy loss.
An Assessment of the Viability of Haematological and Haemostatic Parameters of Blood under certain Storage Conditions at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Blood Bank in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Nkabari, NG; Mgbeoma, EE; Obioma, A; Ken-Ezihuo, Stella U.
Introduction: Despite significant advances in transfusion medicine, concerns about the inherent risks of blood transfusion persist, even under optimal temperature and duration of storage. This makes the evaluation of blood viability a global task (1). Maintenance of adequate temperature is considered a key factor in the viability and quality of stored blood in healthcare institutions. Evaluating the haematological and haemostatic functionality of blood elements at different storage temperature and duration is therefore imperative for improving patient care and resource utilization in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) blood bank in Port Harcourt. Methods: In this cohort study design, a total of sixteen (16) male and female blood donors in equal proportion of sex and ABO blood groups were randomly selected from the Port Harcourt blood donors' population and recruited as study subjects for this research. A well-structured questionnaire and the immunoassays were used to assess the donors' health and serological status respectively. Also the sample obtained were analayzed by automation and data statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The results of this study shows a statistically significant decrease in white blood cell count from 4.93×109/L ± 0.33 to 2.79×109/L ± 1.68 (p=0.00) and platelet count from 227.38×109/L ± 32.17 to 153.75×109/L ± 58.39 (p=0.00) at day 7. Also, a significant decrease in platelet count from 227.38×109/L ± 32.17 to 141.50±60.92 at day 14. A significant decrease in Fibrinogen from 340.75mg/L±18.69 to 281.2575 mg/L ±46.41 at day 1 and day 14 respectively, and rise in PT and aPTT from 17.02s ±1.28 to 24.31s ±6.67 and 41.25s±3.23 to 46.63s±6.28 at day 14th to day 21 respectively (p=0.00). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Pooled plasma at 4-60C contain clinically significant amount of coagulation factors up to day 21 in storage. The WBC and platelet is lost within seven day of storage at 4-60C. Lower temperatures, especially freezing at -60°C accelerate the loss of haematological viability of blood especially the depletion of white blood cells and platelets (p=0.00). Antihaemophilic factor and fibrinogen is maintained in FFP at 180 day in storage at -600C.
Assessment of Thrombolytic Activity of Five Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants: Potential Source for Thrombolytic Compounds.
(2014-11) Hossen, S M Moazzem; khan, Irfan Newaz; Sarkar, Md. Mominul Islam; Jahid, Md. Anwar
Aim: The aim of our project work was to assess the thrombolytic activity of five common Bangladeshi plant extract in different solvent. Five plants are Geodorum densiflorum (Shankhamul), Pistia stratiotes (Topa Pana), Smilax zeylanica (Kumarilata), Pandanus foetidus (Keya) & Tabernaemontana coronaria (Tagar). Plants were collected and air dried separately for three weeks. They were ground into a coarse powder. Cold extractions were performed for all plants by using different solvents. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong and University of Science and Technology Chittagong, November, 2013. Methodology: Fresh blood was collected from healthy individuals ten volunteers (n=10). Blood was allowed to form clots in a pre-weighed sterile micro-centrifuge eppendorf tubes. After clot serum was removed and blood clot was weighed then blood clot was allowed to lysis by streptokinase. After lysis fluid was removed and the remaining of blood clot was again weighed along with the tube. Percentage of blood clot lysis was calculated on the basis of the weight difference. Weight difference of tubes obtained by weighing before and after clot lyses of blood. % clot lysis=(Weight after clot lysis/ Weight of clot before lysis)×100. This method was repeated for all extracts. Result: Among the herbs studied Pandanus foetidus (C), Pandanus foetidus (PE), Smilax zeylanica (E) and Pistia stratiotes-Root (M) showed significant % of clot lysis 47.54% 41.49%, 43.35% and 35.85% respectively with reference to standard, streptokinase (70.24%). Conclusion: These extracts lyse the blood clots In-vitro, however, we need to know In-vivo clot dissolving property. Further systemic research on these plants and may be a potential source of thrombolytic agent in future.
Atrial Function and Glutathione in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia- Tanta-Egypt-2012.
(2013-07) Biltagi, Mohammed Al; Tolba, Osama; Elshanshory, Mohammed; Badraia, Ibrahim; Hazaa, Sahar M
Aims: is to correlate the atrial function with the level of oxidative stress marker (Glutathione) in children with Iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Materials and Methods: Thirty children with IDA and 20 healthy children had serum Ferritin, total blood Glutathione level and studied with conventional trans-thoracic 2-D echocardiography, Tissue Doppler (TDI) and Speckle Tracking Strain (STI) analysis. Study Design: A case–controlled study Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Outpatient Clinic; Pediatric Hematology Unit; Pediatric Cardiology Unit; Pediatric Department; Faculty of Medicine; Tanta University Hospital; Egypt. The study was conducted between January; 2012 to December; 2012. Results: Children with IDA had significantly low Glutathione [4.63 ±3.4 ng/ml] (P =.013) and Ferritin [11.88 ±5.3 ng/ml] (P < .0001) levels than that observed in the control group. There was no significant increase in LA dimension and volume (minimum) [31± 27 ml] (P = .433), by M-mode but there was significant decrease in e/a ratio assessed by tissue Doppler in IDA patients [1.29 ±0.5] than in controls [1.6±0.7] (P = .038). There were significant decrease in LA velocity (P = .02) and increase in RA velocity (P = .04) compared to left atrial and atrial septal velocity and insignificant increase in left atrial velocity compared to atrial septal velocity. There was no significant correlation between Glutathione level and echo-Doppler parameters of atrial function (P >.05), but there was significant negative correlation between Hemoglobin% and atrial septal velocity (P < .05). Conclusion: IDA is associated with diastolic dysfunction. Tissue Doppler and STI were more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in detection of subclinical structural and functional changes due to hemodynamic abnormality in children with IDA.

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