International Surgery Journal

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/156148

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Bhaven Kataria
ISSN: 2349-3305 (Print); 2349-2902 (Online)

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijsurgery.com/

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 1617

10 year institutional experience of use of buccal mucosal grafts for complex urethral reconstruction for varied indications with its outcome
(Medip Academy, 2020-10) Athawale, Hemangi R.; Mane, Shivaji B.; Daginawala, Taha
Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate long term efficacy and outcome of use of buccal mucosal graft (BMG) for urethral reconstruction in varied urologic conditions in children.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 41 patients from 2009 till 2019 in our institution in which BMG was used for urethral reconstruction. Clinical findings along with surgical techniques used were noted for these patients. Postoperative outcome and complications were evaluated.Results: Mean age was 6.8 years and mean follow up was for 4 years. Out of 41 patients, BMG for substitution urethroplasty was used in 25 cases of hypospadias, 4 cases of urethral stricture, 6 cases of 46 XY disorders of sexual disorders, 4 cases of Y-duplication of urethra, and 2 cases of redo-epispadias repair. 11 patients underwent one stage repairs with a success rate of 63% and 30 patients underwent two stage repair with a success rate of 66%. Analysis and comparison of the outcome in relation to the type of repair, meatal position and number of surgical procedures prior to BMG urethroplasty was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Buccal mucosa is an ideal graft substitute for urethroplasty. Two stage reconstructions has a slightly higher success rate than one stage reconstruction but the choice of the technique must be based on patients characteristics and on surgeons preference.
A 10-year retrospective study of 43 female patients presenting with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
(Medip Academy, 2024-12) Tian, J; Curry, S; Kiarie, PK; Sneed, C; Mourad, Y; Bhatia, S; Hassanesfahani, M; Miele, A; Keating, L; Louis, MA; John, SS.
Background: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory breast condition affecting middle aged women. IGM typically presents as a unilateral, painful and challenging-to-treat breast mass, with a high recurrence rate. Common treatments include corticosteroids and antibiotics, with surgical excision reserved for resistant cases. However, the absence of a standardized treatment protocol leads to variability in management across different settings and providers. Methods: We present a case series of 43 patients diagnosed with IGM at a community hospital in New York, aiming to facilitate early recognition and treatment of this rare condition. This study identifies risk factors and reviews best practices in imaging and treatment, emphasizing the importance of considering IGM in the differential diagnosis, particularly in cases of recurrent disease. Results: The sample comprised 43 patients with an average age of 34.65 years, 31 (72%) of whom were Hispanic. The most commonly reported symptoms were pain, mass, erythema, and swelling. In all cases, IGM was confirmed by histopathological examination. Treatment modalities included incision and drainage (I and D), corticosteroids, antibiotics, methotrexate and surgical intervention. Conclusions: IGM is a rare condition often mistaken for breast cellulitis, abscess or carcinoma. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is crucial, particularly in Hispanic women who may be at increased risk. Histopathological diagnosis is essential to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions and antibiotic use, thereby reducing recurrence rates. Early initiation of corticosteroids or alternatives like methotrexate can optimize patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
A 10-year retrospective study on primary and recurrent hidradenitis suppurativa
(Medip Academy, 2024-12) Alla, M; Kiarie, P; Bodden, C; Aponte, DG; Janbey, S; Louis, MA; Miele, A; Mandava, N.
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by follicular occlusion and apocrine gland inflammation. It is often misdiagnosis and delays, resulting in poor quality of life in some cases and severe consequences and poor patient outcomes. Limited literature compares presentation and treatment outcomes of recurrent HS, any information may aid clinicians in prompt diagnosis and treatment to alleviate the various challenges patients face and the complications from disease progression. Methods: A 10-year (2012-2022) retrospective chart review of the Epic Medisys database that analyzed patients admitted to flushing hospital center with a diagnosis of HS as a primary or secondary diagnosis at our community teaching hospital in Flushing, New York. Results: In our patient sample, HS was most commonly diagnosed in African-American and female patients under the age of 30 years. Common comorbidities included obesity. Antibiotics had the highest cure rate overall, and surgical interventions were more effective for recurrent disease. Conclusions: From our study we concluded that most patients were African American and female presenting younger than 30 years with axillary lesions most commonly characterized as nodules and abscesses. Antibiotics had the highest cure rate for both groups; with surgical intervention more effective from recurrent disease.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: are those at high-risk being overlooked?
(Medip Academy, 2023-03) Patil, SD; Pillay, W
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as enlargement of an abdominal aorta with a diameter of 3.0 cm or larger in the anteroposterior or transverse plane. In order to diagnose and treat this disease early, clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the benefits of ultrasound screening for AAA. There is enough good evidence to recommend AAA population ultrasound scan screening for men over 65 years old. Prevalence rates for AAA amongst males at age 65 detected by screening appear to be decreasing, however AAA screening continues to be cost effective. There has been emerging evidence suggesting a strong link between family history and development of AAA. The prevalence of AAA amongst family members has been higher when compared to general population. This high prevalence of AAA in the first-degree relatives provide a strong argument for aggressive approach to screening of this specific cohort. After the latest literature review, there have been no data from a single randomised clinical trial or large nonrandomised studies published with ‘targeted USS screening’ with regards to family history of AAA. Ultrasound screening for the first-degree relatives, both male and female, of patients with AAA appears to be feasible and cost effective. A pilot study to determine the prevalence of familial AAA amongst probands and the prevalence amongst first degree relatives should identify the unmet need for AAA screening for this cohort and quantify the resources required for a sustainable screening programme.
Abdominal midline wound closure with small bites versus large bites: a randomized comparative trial
(Medip Academy, 2020-05) Sharma, Rajat; Kaur, Amitpal; Sharma, Mohit; Singh, Karaninder; Singh, Neeti Rajan
Background: The optimal strategy of abdominal wall closure after midline laparotomy has remained an issue of ongoing debate to minimize incidence of incisional hernia which occurs in 10 to 23% cases postoperatively. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of small bites versus large bites suture technique in reduction of incidence of the complications like pain, wound infection, wound dehiscence, seroma formation and incisional hernia by using polydioxanone no.1.Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing elective surgery who were randomly allocated into group A and B. Group A were the patients in which midline abdominal wound closure was done with small bites and group B were the patients in which midline abdominal wound closure was done with large bites. Then the patients were followed up for 6 months to observe any complications.Results: A mean additional closure time of 9 minutes was seen with the small bites technique. The mean suture length was more in small bites group as compared to large bites technique. There was no difference in the visual analog scale score between the two groups. No significant difference was seen in the incidence of major and minor wound infection postoperatively in both the groups. Small bites technique reduced the incidence of suture sinus and incisional hernia compared to conventional large bites technique.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the small bites suture technique is more effective than the traditional large bites technique for prevention of all post-operative complications.
Abdominal perineal resection surgery: case report
(Medip Academy, 2020-09) Saimeh, Haitham A.
Colorectal cancer in known to be the most diagnosed cancer in the world, the set gold standard for the treatment of colorectal cancer is excision of the tumor via surgery. There is different type of surgeries that tend to be performed depending on the location, size and extent of the mass in order to avoid recurrence. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the abdominal perineal resection surgery together with the complications faced and criteria in managing these complications intraoperatively.
Abdominal tuberculosis in patients with acute abdomen: an observational single centre study
(Medip Academy, 2023-07) Sharma, B; Sharma, R.
Background: Abdominal tuberculosis tends to present with nonspecific features and can be hard to diagnose. Abdominal tuberculosis can mimic a variety of other abdominal conditions and only a high degree of suspicion can help in the diagnosis, otherwise, it is likely to be missed or delayed resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a high index of suspicion, fortified with a general degree of awareness and knowledge of this form of the disease is essential. Methods: A careful history taking, and thorough clinical examination was carried out in each case. All the patients were investigated. Some of the patients needed surgical intervention. For patients who responded favorably to conservative management and did not require surgery, diagnostic studies were carried out to confirm the presence of abdominal tuberculosis. Results: Abdominal tuberculosis constituted a significant percentage (23.6%) of all cases attending the emergency with an acute abdomen. Ultrasound and CECT can show various findings which can be suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis, but there is no significant difference in PPV of ultrasound and CECT abdomen. Colonoscopy has PPV of 55.6% in diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Gene Xpert is significantly better than AFB staining in diagnosing the abdominal tuberculosis with ascitic fluid examination. Conclusions: Good clinicopathological workup in patients of abdominal tuberculosis results in earlier diagnosis and prompt management of this curable disease. Ultrasound and CECT can be suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis, but final diagnosis can be made only after histopathological examination/with gene Xpert report.
An abdominal wound dehiscence of emergency explorative laparotomy and their management at tertiary care centre: an observational study
(Medip Academy, 2023-09) Modi, J; Patel, Y; Trivedi, M; Bochiya, G
Background: Wound dehiscence is a very troublesome sequel of impaired wound healing. Despite of medical advances frequency of wound dehiscence in emergency laparotomy remains high due to multiple factors together predisposes. Better understanding of common mechanisms and highly contributing factors will help to keep high risk patients under strict surveillance to reduce the incidence of wound dehiscence. Methods: The observational study was carried out in 167 patients of above 14 years age at the department of General surgery, SMIMER hospital, Surat between November 2018 to October 2020 Result: 22.15% patients developed wound dehiscence, mean age in dehiscence group was 39.27±9.65 years. Abdominal pain was found in all the patients 100% followed by vomiting 28.74% and fever 13.17%. However, Fever (2.37±1.95 days vs 1.55±1.78 days) and Abdominal distention (1.05±1.06 days vs 0.47±0.87) have statistical significance between Wound Dehiscence and No Wound Dehiscence regarding chief complaints. As a treatment of wound dehiscence, 2 (5.40%) had Re-exploration and 6 (16.21%) had Re-exploration and Tension Suturing in complete wound dehiscence patient group and 29 (78.39%) had Secondary suturing found in partial wound dehiscence. 5.40% of mortality found in Wound Dehiscence group. Conclusions: Significant risk factors for abdominal wound dehiscence identified in this study are presenting complains like fever and abdominal distension, pre-operative hypoalbuminemia, pre-operative anemia, leucocytosis, renal dysfunction, intra-abdominal sepsis. Use of subcutaneous negative tube is protective for the condition. Hollow viscus perforation patients showed higher vulnerability for wound dehiscence.
Absorbable versus conventional methods for wound closures in surgeries for benign breast diseases: a randomized case control study
(Medip Academy, 2020-02) Gopinathan, Jeji; Ulahannan, Sansho Elavumkal
Background: Surgeons and patients prefer absorbable sutures for surgical wound closure in breast surgeries which are usually continuous subcuticular sutures so that patients can skip a hospital visit for suture removal. But in case of breast biopsies authors usually put circumareolar incisions. Here authors find it difficult to put continuous subcuticular sutures. In this contest authors thought of interrupted subcuticular sutures where authors can tackle the above-mentioned limitations; while actually reducing the financial burden of the patients.Methods: In this randomized case controlled study authors included elective general surgical procedures for benign breast diseases that was being carried out in the department of General Surgery Govt. Medical College, Kottayam for a period of 6 months starting from January 2017. Total number of cases taken are 20; 10 each in each group.Results: The mean rank for interrupted method was 14.20 and conventional method was 6.80. Mann-Whitney U statistic was 13.000 and p value was 0.03. Since p value was less than 0.05, authors had clear evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, authors concluded that both the methods were dissimilar and based on mean rank interrupted method seemed to be better method.Conclusions: Authors recommended interrupted absorbable subcuticular suturing technique in general surgical procedures for benign breast diseases, especially where authors used circumareolar incisions, which saved time of the surgeon and the patient. This can lead to considerable cost savings for the government without compromising clinical effectiveness or safety.
Accidental acid ingestion in children: case series and literature review
(Medip Academy, 2023-02) Suman, BK; Singh, RJ; Sinha, AK; Kumar, B; Shweta
Acid ingestion in children is a common problem in developing countries. Immediate complications of acid ingestion are oesophageal perforation, laryngeal trauma, bleeding and fistula formation but stricture is a delayed complication. Gastric outlet obstruction is known complication of acids and surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty was done in five cases without complications and the outcomes were satisfactory.
Accidental multiple magnet ingestion by an adult: a case report
(Medip Academy, 2020-06) Gopal, Suraj; Bhushan, Dubey Indu; Sofi, Junaid Ahmad
Accidental multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion although common in children is rare in adults. Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion possess a definitive risk of causing intestinal perforation, volvulus or fistulas and requires early surgical intervention even in apparently asymptomatic individuals to prevent catastrophic complications. We report a case of an 18 year old male with a history of accidental simultaneous ingestion of two semi-circular shaped magnets along with a nail. The peculiarity of the case being that despite the magnets being simultaneously ingested, one was in the stomach and the other in the jejunum adhered to each other through the transverse colon mesentery causing pressure necrosis of the adjoining wall with the patient being asymptomatic.
Accuracy of 128-slice multi-detector computed tomography in the detection of stenosis at different cut-off values in corresponding target areas on conventional angiogram
(Medip Academy, 2024-09) Zaman, F; Khan, MJM; Chowdhury, AM.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common medical condition. Over the years, assessment methods for CAD have evolved, with non-invasive techniques gaining prominence. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography has emerged as an alternative to conventional invasive coronary angiography (ICA). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 128-slice MDCT in detecting stenosis at various thresholds and compare its efficacy with traditional coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the radiology and imaging department of combined military hospital (CMH) in Dhaka from August 2021 to July 2022. Forty-three patients were selected through purposive sampling. Computed tomographic angiography was performed using a 128-slice MDCT scanner. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for each patient and segment. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for stenosis exceeding 75% and 50%. Result: For diagnosing stenosis less than 50%, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 83.9%, 95.6%, 61.0%, 98.6%, and 94.7%, respectively. For stenosis greater than 50%, they were 84.2%, 99.3%, 86.5%, 99.1%, and 98.5%. For stenosis exceeding 75%, the values were 100.0%, 99.9%, 97.0%, 100.0%, and 99.9%. Conclusions: 128-slice CT provides a reliable non-invasive method to assess hemodynamically significant CAD with high diagnostic accuracy. The study findings suggest that at the artery level, MDCT demonstrates high level of accuracy in identifying significant obstructive CAD.
Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology and thyroid imaging reporting and data system to predict the nature of nodular goiter and its comparison with postoperative histology
(Medip Academy, 2020-08)
Background: Aim of the study was to find accuracy of pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) in predicting the nature of nodular goitre and confirming it with post-operative biopsy. Objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC compared with post-operative biopsy and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of TIRADS compared with post-operative biopsy.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam over a period of 1 year from march 2018 to march 2019. Sensitivity and specificity are calculated based on formulae.Results: Sample size calculated with 90% confidence interval for population of vizag is 96, a sample of 100 patients were taken in this study. Of the 100 cases, 16 had thyroid carcinoma. 15 of them were papillary carcinoma and 1 follicular carcinoma. 8 cases matched with cytology report after post op biopsy and 8 we mismatched with cytology report after post op biopsy. The incidence of malignancy in clinically and cytologically benign goitre is 8.69. In our study sensitivity of FNAC is 50%, specificity is 100% and accuracy of test is 92% and TIRADS has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 72.62% and an accuracy of 77%.Conclusions: The current study has showed the disparity we see in thyroid neoplasms in FNAC test and TIRADS, which were proved to be different diagnosis in clinical and histopathology, so even if cytology is benign, we can’t rule out malignancy. FNAC and TIRADS combined have more sensitivity and specificity than individual tests.
Achondroplasia: a case report and the review of the basics
(Medip Academy, 2020-07)
The achondroplasia is a variant of short-limbed dwarfism. The word achondroplasia literally means without cartilage formation. However, in achondroplasia the problem is not in formation of cartilage but, in its conversion to bone (i.e. ossification). This deficient ossification is particularly seen in the long bones of arm and leg. The characteristic external appearance of people born with achondroplasia is short stature. The average height of an adult male with achondroplasia is 131 centimetres (4 feet, 4 inches), and the average height for adult females is 124 centimetres (4 feet, 1 inch). The trunk is of average size but the leg and upper arm is of short length. It is because the femur and humerus are relatively shorter in length. The range of movement at elbow is limited. The head is enlarged called macrocephaly and is with a prominent forehead. People with Achondroplasia are generally of normal intelligence. They have bowed legs and abnormal curvature of spine giving rise to lordosis or kyphosis. They may develop spinal stenosis, which is associated with pain, tingling and weakness in leg. This may cause difficulty in walking. The other health problems associated with Achondroplasia are episodes of apnoea, obesity and recurrent ear infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardinal phenotypic features in patient of Achondroplasia. It is also to assess the body physique, anthropometric measurements and to study the typical radiological signs in such patients as the main tool of diagnosis.
Acid corrosive injury of stomach: management and long-term outcome
(Medip Academy, 2020-09) Sharma, Mohit; Singh, Rachhpal
Background: Acid corrosive injury to stomach is not uncommon in India due to easy availability. Corrosive ingestion results in significant morbidity. We present our experience in surgical management of such cases. The aims and objectives of this study to review the experience of surgical management of gastric corrosive injury and to assess long term outcome and functional results.Methods: This study was retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 23 cases of acid corrosive injury managed in a single surgical unit.Results: Median age was 31 years, male to female ratio was 12:11. Surgical procedures were tailored according to extent and degree of stricture. Posterior gastrojejunostomy was done in 8 (38.0%) cases, near total gastrectomy in 3 (14.3%) cases, total gastrectomy and Billroth I in 2 (9.5%) cases each. 4 cases were lost to follow up after preliminary feeding jejunostomy. 2 cases had mortality after feeding jejunostomy. 2 cases were managed successfully without active surgical intervention. All patients undergoing definitive procedure had good results in terms of nutritional status and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction.Conclusions: The outcome of gastric stricture secondary to acid ingestion can be significantly improved by adequate preoperative preparation and planned approach depending upon type of injury.
Actinomycosis of male breast: a rare case report
(Medip Academy, 2020-03) Mahadik, Abhishek; Rajakumar, Rontgen; Khan, Nida; Singhal, Pragati
Actinomyces is a commensal of gastrointestinal and genital tract that may cause subacute or chronic granulomatous inflammation. Primary actinomycosis of breast is an extremely rare disease. It may present as a mass or as discharging fistulae. It is often diagnosed after biopsy. It may mimic inflammatory carcinoma or mastitis. Treatment is with a prolonged course of antibiotic. Authors present a case of a 70-year-old male with a palpable breast lump, that was suspected to be malignant. Wide local excision was performed, histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of actinomycoses breast. Patient was given antibiotics post operatively.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis as a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction
(Medip Academy, 2023-02) Aksakal, G; Wong, E.
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a condition that classically presents with upper abdominal pain and post-prandial vomiting due to mechanical obstruction secondary to luminal, intraluminal or extraluminal disease. Our case report, the first of its kind in the literature to our knowledge, describes GOO secondary to acalculous cholecystitis in a 58-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and nausea. This unusual case highlights the need for clinicians to consider uncommon differentials in patients presenting with common symptoms such as abdominal pain and nausea.
Acute appendicitis complicated by ovarian vein thrombosis
(Medip Academy, 2023-06) Talreja, DP; Talreja, RB; Elsayed, AM; Parkash, S; Al-Qanubi, IM; Albatanony, AA
Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain and is mainly related to pregnancy and affects approximately 1 in every 2,000 deliveries and abortions. However, this diagnosis should be considered not only in postpartum patients but also in women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), malignancy, women who have recent abdominal surgery and who have a known hypercoagulable state. Anticoagulation and antibiotics are the mainstays of treatment for OVT. Complications of OVT include sepsis, the extension of the thrombus to the inferior vena cava and renal veins, and pulmonary embolism. The incidence of pulmonary embolism is reported to be 13.2% and represents the main cause of mortality due to OVT. We report a case of 40-years old female patient presenting with OVT, which was accompanied by acute appendicitis. In this woman, OVT was not related to pregnancy. The patient underwent an appendectomy, which proved positive on histopathology result. Patient symptoms improved after appendectomy with antibiotics and anticoagulation therapy. A month later, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed a complete resolution of OVT. OVT, though a rare presentation, should be included in the differential diagnosis for women presenting with acute abdomen. Proper diagnosis and timely management can prevent catastrophic complications. Our case thus highlights the importance of considering the rare diagnosis of OVT with acute appendicitis.
Acute appendicitis in adults
(Medip Academy, 2020-09) Vagholkar, Ketan
Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest abdominal emergency encountered by a general surgeon. Understanding the surgical pathology is pivotal in identifying the stage of disease at which the patient presents for better correlation of clinical features, laboratory and imaging reports. Various scoring systems enhance and aid this process. Imaging confirms the diagnosis. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Appendicitis may present in various forms in different clinical settings. A uniform approach to presentations may not always yield good results. Though appendectomy is the mainstay of treatment yet a tailor made surgical plan needs to be developed after holistic evaluation of the patient. The article discusses the differential surgical approach based on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and variable clinical presentations.
Acute appendicitis in pregnancy, is there a role for conservative management?
(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Tian, J; Altai, T; Bhatia, S; Mourad, Y; Miele, A; Robitsek, RJ; McKenzie, K; Louis, MA; Mandava, NR
Background: Although rare, acute appendicitis is the most common general surgery problem encountered in pregnancy. A chief concern is timely and accurate diagnosis. Traditionally, delayed diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant patients can quickly lead to appendiceal rupture associated with miscarriage, premature delivery, or even fetal loss. Hence, appendectomy has been the gold standard. However, emerging evidence suggests conservative management may be more effective than previously thought, after accounting for maternal and fetal characteristics. Methods: This retrospective study included a sample of pregnant women diagnosed with acute appendicitis presenting for treatment to two hospitals in Queens, NY, between Jan 2012 and Dec 2021. The characteristics, presentation, and outcomes of conservatively versus surgically treated patients were compared. Results: The cumulative incidence of acute appendicitis was 0.11% (n=44/28,000). Forty were treated surgically: 78% underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, 15% open appendectomy, and 8% underwent an initial laparoscopy which was converted to an open appendectomy. Four (14%) patients were managed conservatively with IV antibiotics. Eight percent of patients treated surgically had postoperative complications. Neither surgical nor conservatively treated groups reported any instance of mortality or fetal demise. Conclusions: Our study adds to the literature on treatment decisions for pregnant patients with acute appendicitis. Although surgical intervention remains the gold standard, it carries the potential risk of peri- and postoperative complications. These findings suggest conservative management with antibiotics can sometimes be used without a negative impact on maternal or fetal outcomes.

Browse

Browsing International Surgery Journal by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options