Indian Journal of Medical Research

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1-isopropylimidazolidine-2-thione: clinical evaluation of a new antithyroid drug.
(1969-08-01) Ahuja, M M; Rao, M A
100 years of Widal test & its reappraisal in an endemic area.
(1997-02-01) Shukla, S; Patel, B; Chitnis, D S
A reappraisal of the Widal test was made for its diagnostic utility in typhoid fever in an endemic area of Central India. The significant basal antibody level in the normal population based on 1200 voluntary/relative blood donors at the cut-off titre of 80 or above was observed in 13.83 and 8.0 per cent for 'O' and 'H' antigens of Salmonella typhi respectively. A retrospective study (1991-1995) over 138 bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid showed a positivity of 64.49 and 78.26 per cent respectively for 'O' and 'H' antibodies at the titre of 80 or above and 44.2 and 63.04 per cent at the titre of 160 and above. The retrospective data also showed a greater positivity (46.41%) in 1991 which decreased to 25 per cent in 1995 and appeared to follow the incidence of multi drug resistant S. typhi over the period. The detection of 'H' antibodies is no less important than the 'O' antibodies in the present study. Our data bring out the diagnostic limitations of Widal test done on single samples collected in the early phase of illness (4-10 days) from patients suspected to have typhoid in an endemic area of Central India.
11-Oxygenation index in diagnosis and management of adrenocortical disorders.
(1974-11-01) Rajendran, K G; Shah, P N
131I profile scan in different human constitutions by whole body counter.
(1978-09-01) Dubey, G P; Agrawal, S; Udupa, K N
14C urea breath test does not predict density of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer disease.
(2001-04-18) Kumar, D; Bal, C S; Dattagupta, S; Ahuja, V; Mathur, M; Sharma, M P
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The density of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa has prognostic significance, higher densities being associated with greater chances of development of duodenal ulcer and chronic atrophic gastritis as well as poor eradication by drug therapy. The aim of this study was to assess if 14C-urea breath test counts reflect bacterial density. METHODS: Sixty patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcer and H. pylori positivity as determined by rapid urease test and gastric histology were studied. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies were graded for chronic gastritis, activity (presence of polymorphonuclear cells) and bacterial density (at surface and in pits) based on the Sydney system on a scale of four grades ranging from 0 to 3 (absent, mild, moderate and severe). 14C urea breath test was performed in all the patients. RESULTS: Chronic gastritis as well as activity was more prevalent as well as severe in the antrum as compared to the corpus. H. pylori density was also significantly more in the antrum as compared to the corpus both at the surface as well as in the pits. H. pylori density correlated with the grade of chronic gastritis and activity both in the antrum and in the corpus. Urea breath test counts ranged from 331.3 cpm (counts per minute) to 8770.5 cpm and these did not correlate with histological H. pylori density at any of the sites. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: 14C urea breath test does not reflect H. pylori density on histology in patients of duodenal ulcer disease.
18F FDG PET/CT identifies unsuspected bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in an elderly immuno compromised patient.
(2014-05) Padma, S; Sreehar, Sreekala
The 1964 epidemic of dengue-like fever in South India: isolation of chikungunya virus from human sera and from mosquitoes.
(1965-08-01) Myers, R M; Carey, D E; Reuben, R; Jesudass, E S; De Ranitz, C; Jadhav, M
The 1965 epidemic of febrile illness in Saugar town, Madhya Pradesh: a retrospective diagnosis of the probable aetiology.
(1974-07-01) Rodrigues, F M; Dandawate, C N
The 1973 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in West Bengal: a serological survey of domestic animals.
(1976-07-01) Rodrigues, F M; Vidyasagar, J; Singh, P B; Ghosh, S N; Guttikar, S N; Joshi, M V; Gupta, N P
The 1981 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry.
(1988-05-01) Rao, C V; Risbud, A R; Rodrigues, F M; Pinto, B D; Joshi, G D
The 1982 epidemic of dengue fever in Delhi.
(1985-10-01) Rao, C V; Bagchi, S K; Pinto, B D; Ilkal, M A; Bharadwaj, M; Shaikh, B H; Dhanda, V; Dutta, M; Pavri, K M
2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid alters monoamine levels, acetylcholinesterase activity & operant learning in rats.
(1996-09-01) Lakshmana, M K; Raju, T R
2, 4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was given at 100 mg/kg body weight per day by oral intubation from postnatal days 2 to 25 to assess its effect on the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in olfactory bulb (OB), hippocampus (HI), visual cortex (VC), cerebellum (CB) and brainstem (BS). NE levels were increased in OB, HI, VC and BS at 10 days of age. However, by 25 days, NE levels were decreased in OB, HI and VC. DA levels were also increased in OB, HI, VC and CB at 10 days of age and again decreased by 25 days in OB, HI and VC. 5-HT levels were increased in HI, CB and BS at 10 days and in VC and CB at 25 days of age. Reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in OB and HI and monoamines in different brain regions at 25 days of age might be responsible for the observed deficits in both acquisition and rate of pedal press response when animals were exposed chronically to 2, 4-D during postnatal brain development.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose induced enhancement of radiation damage in 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine sensitized mammalian cells.
(1987-05-01) Kalia, V K; Jain, V K
A 20-year study of the leprosy control programme at the Government Leprosy Treatment and Study Centre at Tirukoilur in south India.
(1982-07-01) Radhakrishna, S; Christian, M; Nair, N G
The 2015 influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 outbreak in India.
(2016-06) Murhekar, Manoj; Mehendale, Sanjay
25 (OH) vitamin D level in Crohn’s disease: association with sun exposure & disease activity.
(2009-08) Joseph, A J; George, Biju; Pulimood, A B; Seshadri, M S; Chacko, Ashok
Background & objectives: Western studies show that up to 65 per cent of patients with Crohn’s disease have low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations, and 45 per cent of these patients have metabolic bone disease. No data are available from India or from any country with comparable climatic conditions or ethnicity. We carried out this study to measure the serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels of Crohn’s disease patients and compare with matched controls and to assess the consequences of low 25 (OH) vitamin D levels on bone and mineral metabolism in these patients. Methods: Adult patients with Crohn’s disease were compared with age and sex matched patients diagnosed to have irritable bowel syndrome. Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D, the effect of disease characteristics, sunlight exposure and milk consumption on 25 (OH) vitamin D level, and the consequences of low 25 (OH) vitamin D level on bone and mineral metabolism were assessed. Results: Thirty four patients with Crohn’s disease (M:F, 24:10, age 39.2 ± 12.9 yr) and 34 controls (M:F, 24:10, age 38.9 ± 13.4 yr) were studied. 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with Crohn’s disease as compared to controls (Crohn’s disease vs controls: 16.3 ± 10.8 vs 22.8 ± 11.9 ng/ml; P<0.05). The severity of disease activity as assessed by the Harvey Bradshaw score correlated negatively (Correlation coefficient -0.484, significance P<0.004), and the duration of sunlight exposure correlated positively (Correlation coefficient 0.327, significance P=0.007) with the serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level. Interpretation & conclusions: Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were significantly lower among patients with Crohn’s disease as compared to age and sex matched controls. Further, 25 (OH) vitamin D levels in patients with Crohn’s disease were lower in those with severe disease activity and less sun exposure. Further studies need to be done to correlate low 25 (OH) vitamin D level with bone density and assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
35S induced dominant lethals in immature oocytes of mice.
(1977-03-01) Reddy, K S; Reddy, P P; Reddi, O S
A 4-compartment model based validation of air displacement plethysmography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold technique & bio-electrical impedance for measuring body fat in Indian adults.
(2014-05) Kuriyan, Rebecca; Thomas, Tinku; Sangeetha, Ashok; Jayakumar, J; Kurpad, Anura V
Background & objectives: Many methods are available for measuring body fat of an individual, each having its own advantages and limitations. The primary objective of the present study was to validate body fat estimates from individual methods using the 4-compartment (4C) model as reference. The second objective was to obtain estimates of hydration of fat free mass (FFM) using the 4C model. Methods: The body fat of 39 adults (19 men and 20 women) aged 20-40 yr was estimated using air displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), 4-skinfold technique and bio-electrical impedance (BIA). Total body water was estimated using isotope dilution method. Results: All the methods underestimated body fat when compared to 4C model, except for DEXA and the mean difference from the reference was lowest for DEXA and ADP. The precision of the fat mass estimated from 4C model using the propagation of error was 0.25 kg, while the mean hydration factor obtained by the 4C model was found to be 0.74 ± 0.02 in the whole group of men and women. Interpretations & conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that DEXA and ADP methods can provide reasonably accurate estimates of body fat, while skinfold and bio-electrical impedance methods require the use of population specific equations.
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 2A receptor gene polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia.
(2014-12) Sujitha, Subash Padmajeya; Nair, Asha; Banerjee, Moinak; Lakshmanan, Srinivasan; Harshavaradhan, Sampth; Gunasekaran, Soosiah; Gopinathan, Anil kumar
Background & objectives: Schizophrenia, the debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder, is known to be heritable, involving complex genetic mechanisms. Several chromosomal regions associated with schizophrenia have been identified during the past; putative gene (s) in question, to be called the global signature for the pathophysiology of the disease, however, seems to evade us. The results obtained from the several population-wise association-non association studies have been diverse. we therefore, undertook the present study on Tamil speaking population in south India to examine the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the serotonin receptor gene (5HT2A) and the occurrence of the disease. Methods: Blood samples collected from 266 cases and 272 controls were subjected to genotyping (PCR amplification of candidate SNPs, RFLP and sequencing). The data on the SNPs were subjected to statistical analysis for assessing the gene frequencies in both the cases and the controls. Results: The study revealed significant association between the genotypic frequencies of the serotonin receptor polymorphism and schizophrenia. SNP analysis revealed that the frequencies of GG (30%, rs6311) and CC genotypes (32%, rs6313), were higher in patients (P<0.05) than in controls. The study also showed presence of G and C alleles in patients. significant levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) were found to exist between the genotype frequencies of rs6311 and rs6313. Interpretation & conclusions: This study indicated an association between the SNPs (rs6311 and rs6313) of the serotonin receptor 5HT2A and schizophrenia. HapMap analysis revealed that in its genotype distribution, the Tamil speaking population was different from several other populations across the world, signifying the importance of such ethnicity-based studies to improve our understanding of this complex disease.
A 5-yr prospective epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural south India.
(1995-06-01) Ray, D; Abel, R; Selvaraj, K G
In a prospective epidemiological study from 1981 to 1986 in four villages belonging to the KV Kuppam block of North Arcot Ambedkar district in Tamil Nadu, we detected 328 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) amongst the 9946 inhabitants who were aged 30 yr or more. Majority of the population was from the lower income group and they were agricultural workers residing in these villages which were generally free from atmospheric pollution. Of the 328 patients with COPD, 198 were males and 130 were females showing an overall age specific prevalence of 33.0/1,000 with a prevalence of 40.8/1,000 for males and 25.5/1,000 for females, respectively. In nearly half of the patients who had chest radiography, changes consistent with COPD were observed; only one patient had clinical, radiological and electrocardiographic evidence of cor-pulmonale. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) along with height (cm) were measured in 258 patients and compared to the predicted normal values. Most of those tested showed evidence of airways obstruction; severe defect was observed in 106 patients. Among the males, 122 gave a history of smoking; majority of the heavy smokers amongst them had severe impairment of PEFR. Females from these villages denied any history of smoking. Cooking for long hours using firewood and cowdung cakes could have contributed to the development of COPD in these village women.

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