Indian Journal of Cancer
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Item A 100-Curie Cs 137 unit--physical aspects.(1965-06-01) Lakshmanan, A V; Paul, K; Vanithamony, VItem 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in neural crest tumours.(1994-06-01) Samuel, A M; Murugesan, S; Kurkure, P A; Advani, S H; Sonawane, G A; Noronha, O PRadioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) has been widely used for the diagnosis of neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas and medullary carcinomas of thyroid. We have developed a procedure for preparation of 131I-MIBG and studied its utility in diagnosis of primary and metastatic neural crest tumours. Studies were carried out in 54 patients. Of them 39 cases were of neuroblastomas, 1 pheochromocytoma; 6 operated medullary carcinomas; 5 paragangliomas; 2 Ewing's sarcoma and 1 Rhabdomyosarcoma; The sensitivity for the detection of primary tumours of neuroblastomas was 94% and for the detection of metastasis was 83%; while in the case of paragangliomas and medullary carcinoma, the sensitivity was 75% and 70% respectively. Our experience in the present study shows that 131I-MIBG scintigraphy is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to localise primary and metastatic disease of neural crest tumours.Item (18)FDG PET in primary oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus.(2005-01-05) Basu, Sandip; Nair, NarendraThe role of FDG-PET in oat cell carcinoma of the esophagus is hitherto unexplored. A MEDLINE search using the terms "small cell carcinoma" or "oat cell carcinoma" combined with "FDG-PET" yielded no report on this issue till date. We report, in this article, two cases depicting the usefulness of this modality in the management of this uncommon neoplasm. While reevaluation of unsuspected metastatic sites missed by other modalities suggest its role in M staging, whole body FDG PET (both baseline as well as post treatment) may find important role in treatment monitoring and evaluation in residual viable disease, taking into account the systemic nature of the disease.Item 18F-FDG uptakes in leptomeningeal metastases from carcinoma of the breast on a positron emission tomography/computerized tomography study.(2007-07-06) Shah, S; Rangarajan, V; Purandare, N; Luthra, K; Medhi, SLeptomeningeal metastases (LM) are most commonly observed in hematological malignancies. With prolonged survival in solid tumors, an increased frequency of metastases is noted in these tumors too. Early diagnosis, when the patient has minimal neurological disability, is associated with prolonged survival and improved functional outcome although the therapy is palliative. The diagnosis of LM is difficult, and the demonstration of tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid remains the gold standard. This can also be done by definitive neuroimaging. MRI is routinely used in this aspect. We discuss here a case where 18F-FDG PET/CT (Fluoro-de-oxy glucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography) study helped us in the diagnosis of LM. Whole-body PET/CT imaging could be a useful tool in identifying the possibility of metastases of breast carcinoma in the usual sites and the not-so-usual sites of metastases.Item 18F‑FDG positron emission tomography scan findings in a case of rituximab‑CHOP‑induced pneumonitis.(2015-07) Saini, N; Saini, V; Kumar, V; Bhatia, A; Qazi, SItem 3-Methyleholanthrene induced alterations in a mammalian cell line cultured 'in vitro'.(1973-06-01) Ghosh, S N; Bose, S KItem 5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic gastric carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 68 patients.(2005-04-06) Ozkan, Kanat; Turkkan, Evrensel; Ender, Kurt; Mutlu, Demiray; Murat, Arslan; Nalan, Babacan; Abdulmecit, Yildiz; Osman, ManavogluBACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death. The majority of gastric cancers show distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. At present, there is no general agreement over one standard chemotherapy regimen for metastatic gastric cancer. AIMS: We evaluated the activity and toxicity of the combination of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), epirubicin and cisplatin (FEP) in previously untreated patients with metastatic gastric cancer. SETTING AND DESIGN: Medical Oncology Department of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa; retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-eight patients received 5-FU 300 mg/m2 on Days 1-5, epirubicin 50 mg/m2 on Day 1 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on Day 1, every 4 weeks. A median of 3.5 cycles was administered. The response rate, time to disease progression, survival and toxic effects were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Overall survival and time to progression were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 4 partial responses and 1 complete response (overall response rate 7.3%); 16 patients had stable disease. Median progression-free and overall survival rates were 3.1 months (95% CI 1.9-4) and 6 months (95% CI 4.2-7), respectively. The principal toxicity was myelosupression. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 27.9%, anemia in 17.6%, and thrombocytopenia in 11.7% of patients. Non-hematological toxicity was mild and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that FEP combination as used at the doses and schedules in this study has inferior activity against metastatic gastric cancer.Item 8th edition AJCC and imaging TNM: Time to break-in and assert in the staging process!(Indian Cancer Society, 2019-07) Vaidya, Tanvi; Desai, Subhash; Mahajan, AbhishekThe current practice of oncology focuses not only on early diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancer but also defies the concept of “One size fits all.” This paradigm shift of the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) manual to a “personalized medicine” approach sets the stage for introducing Imaging TNM (iTNM). The iTNM would provide physicians with a clear assessment of the disease extent derived exclusively from a combination of anatomical and functional imaging modalities and simplify decision-making in practice. Introduction of iTNM will complement the existing cTNM and pTNM and help to guide a personalized approach to patient management.Item Abnormal growth patterns of the pelvic urothelium in the presence of renal calculi.(1975-06-01) Iyengar, B; Uma, K; Malhotra, V; Chandra, KItem Abnormal uterine cervical cytology in a large tertiary hospital in Bangkok metropolis: Prevalence, management, and outcomes.(2016-01) Kingnate, C; Tangjitgamol, S; Khunnarong, J; Manusirivithaya, SOBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, management, and association with clinical significant histopathology including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II or adenocarcinoma in situ and more severe lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women with abnormal cervical cytology from January 2005 to December 2009 were identified from the archives of Department of Anatomical Pathology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Demographic data, type of abnormal cytology, management, and their associated histopathology were collected. RESULTS: During the study period: 2533/54,179 women (4.7%) had abnormal cervical Pap test. Squamous lesions were more common than glandular lesions: 2309 (4.3%) compared to 224 (0.4%). Atypical squamous cell (ASC) was most commonly found (1449 or 2.7%), whereas low‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high‑grade squamous intra‑epithelial lesion (HSIL), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were found in 648 (1.2%) and 212 (0.4%), respectively. Among abnormal glandular cytology, atypical glandular cell (AGC) was most commonly found (199 women or 0.4%) whereas adenocarcinoma and endometrial cell in woman aged >40 year were found in only 14 (0.02%) and 11 women (0.02%), respectively. Majority (77.3%) underwent further investigations. We found that 13.0% of ASC, 20.3% of LSIL, and 78.7% of HSIL and SCC had clinical significant histopathology. In glandular abnormalities: 14.9% of AGC, 33.3% of women aged >40 years with endometrial cell, and 66.7% of adenocarcinoma were histologically proven to be of clinical significant. CONCLUSIONS: ASC was the most common abnormal cervical cytology. Cytology abnormalities of HSIL and SCC had the highest association with clinical significant histopathology.Item ABO blood group distribution in carcinoma of the breast.(1970-06-01) Rai, S; Saronwala, K C; Mittal, P K; Arora, SItem ABO blood groups and oral premalignancies: A clinical study in selected Indian population.(2014-07) Bhateja, S; Arora, GBackground: The ABO blood group antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells and various epithelial cells. As the majority of human cancers are derived from epithelial cells, changes in blood group antigens constitute an important aspect of human cancers. The aim of the study was to establish clinical usefulness of ABO blood group as a predisposing factor in early diagnosis and management of patients with oral precancerous lesions/conditions. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 50 control and 50 oral precancer (25 leukoplakia and 25 Oral Submucous Fibrosis) confirmed by histopathologic examination. All samples were subjected to blood group testing and their prevalence was compared by Z-test using STATA version 8. Results: The "A" blood group was prevalent among the precancerous group. Significant differences on prevalences of blood groups were found (P < 0.05) between control versus leukoplakia and OSMF. Interestingly, 24% gutka chewers who had higher number of grades of dysplasia were falling in "A" blood group. Conclusion: Blood group type should be considered along with other risk factors to understand the individual patient's risk and further studies in larger samples with inclusion of Rh factor is needed to elucidate the relationship with ABO blood group types.Item ABO blood groups in cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract.(1972-03-01) Rai, S; Saronwala, K C; Singh, RItem Access to HER2?targeted therapy at a tertiary care center in India: An evolution(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022-09) Nair, Nita S; Gupta, Sudeep; Ghosh, Jaya; Desai, Sangeeta; Parmar, Vani; Shet, Tanuja; Chitkara, Garvit; Siddique, Shabina; Badwe, Rajendra ABackground:In a previous retrospective audit from our institution we reported that patients had limited access to HER2-targeted therapy due to financial constraints. Subsequently, the advent of biosimilar versions of trastuzumab and philanthropic support has potentially changed this situation. Herein, we reanalyzed and reported access to HER2-targeted therapy in a more recent cohort of patients. Methods: Medical records of new breast cancer patients registered in one calendar year were retrospectively reviewed, supplemented by online pharmacy data to extract information on receptor status, use of HER2-targeted therapy, and other relevant variables. Since not all HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ tumors underwent fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) testing, we estimated the probable HER2 amplified from this group based on a FISH amplified fraction in those HER2 2+ tumors who did undergo FISH. Results: Between January 2016 and December 2016, 4717 new BC patients were registered at our institution, of whom 729 (20.04%) had HER2 IHC 3+ tumors while 641 (17.62%) had HER2 IHC 2+ tumors. The final number of HER2 overexpressing/amplified tumors was estimated to be 928 (729 HER2 IHC 3+, 105 known FISH amplified, and 94 estimated FISH amplified), of whom 831 received treatment at our institution. Overall 474 (57.03%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 53.6–60.4) of these 831 patients received trastuzumab for durations ranging from 12 weeks to 12 months in the (neo)adjuvant setting or other durations in metastatic setting compared to 8.61% (95% CI 6.2–11.6) usage of HER2-targeted therapy in the 2008 cohort. Conclusion: Access to HER2-targeted therapy has substantially increased among patients treated at a public hospital in the past decade, likely due to the advent of biosimilars, the use of shorter duration adjuvant regimens, and philanthropic support. However, further efforts are required to achieve universal access to this potentially life-saving treatment.Item The accuracy of Breastlight in detection of breast lesions.(2015-10) Shiryazdi, S M; Kargar, S; Nasaj, H T; Neamatzadeh, H; Ghasemi, NAIM: Breastlight is a new product to improve breast health awareness of women. However, its accuracy in detection of breast lesions (BLs) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the Breastlight accuracy in detection of BLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2011 to September 2013, a total of 500 women referred to mammography unit in Yazd, Iran for screening were recruited to the study. The sensitivity and specificity of Breast light was measured with clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography and sonography. Sonographic and mammography examinations were performed according to breast density among women in two groups of younger (n = 105) and older (n = 395) than 30 years. RESULTS: The results have shown a statistically significant positive correlation between Breastlight, CBE, sonography, and mammography in detection of BLs. Breastlight significantly detected 60.3%, 35.8%, and 59% of lesions which were detected by mammography, CBE, and sonography, respectively. Its sensitivity varied significantly with breast density. Comparing the sensitivity of Breastlight among women younger and older than 30 years indicated that the Breastlight had a higher sensitivity for women older than 30 years. The greatest and lowest portion of positive predictive value occurred with CBE (94.7%) and mammography (91.1%). As well, its greatest and lowest portion of negative predictive value occurred with CBE (65.6%) and sonography (29.7%). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the efficacy of Breastlight in detection of breast changes as domestic apparatus was appropriate. However, it is recommended further studies to evaluate the Breastlight efficacy and accuracy in detection of the BLs.Item Accuracy of digital mammography, ultrasound and MRI in predicting the pathological complete response and residual tumor size of breast cancer after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022-09) Sudhir, Rashmi; Koppula, Veeraiah Chaudhary; Rao, T Subramanyeshwar; Sannapareddy, Kamala; Rajappa, Senthil J; Murthy, Sudha SBackground: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is the standard of care for the treatment of locally advanced or non-metastatic breast cancer, which may increase the chances of breast conservative surgery (BCS) in place of radical mastectomy without compromising on the overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of mammography (MG), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the complete response and to assess the extent of residual breast cancer in women treated with NACT. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six consecutive patients with stage II or III breast cancer, who underwent imaging evaluation of breast with digital mammogram, US, and MRI after NACT and before the breast surgery, were included in the study. For each patient, pathologic complete response (pCR) or residual tumor (non-pCR) was predicted and the maximum extent of the residual tumor was measured on each imaging modality. These measurements were subsequently compared with the final histopathology results. Results: Of 56 patients, 22 showed pCR with MRI having better accuracy for predicting complete response than the MG and US (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.86, 0.68, and 0.65, respectively; p = 0.0001 for MRI; p = 0.06 for MG, and p = 0.02 for US). The sensitivity of MRI for detecting pCR was 72.7%; specificity and positive predictive value were 100%. For pathological residual tumor, the size measured on MRI showed significantly higher correlation with the pathologic size (correlation coefficient, r = 0.786), than the MG (r = 0.293) and US (r = 0.508) with P < 0.05. Conclusions: Accuracy of MRI for predicting pathological complete response was significantly higher than the MG and US. Pathologic residual tumor size was also more precisely reflected by the longest tumor dimension on MRI with the strong positive correlation coefficientItem Accuracy of imaging-guided biopsy in diagnosis of malignancy versus infection.(2012-07) Cakir, F B; Genc, D B; Canpolat, C; Aribal, E; Berrak, S GAims: Imaging-guided biopsies obtain samples for pathologic testing in addition to therapeutic interventions in patients with cancer. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous biopsies of pediatric solid tumors and infectious complications of cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was performed by gathering pediatric oncology patients between 1998 and 2008. A total of 41 percutaneous biopsies were performed in order to establish a diagnosis for a suspected malignancy or an infectious complication of cancer treatment. Results and Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis was achieved in 21 of 26 (87.6%) percutaneous biopsies for suspected malignancy cases or recurrence. The remaining 15 percutaneous biopsies were done for the diagnosis of infectious complications of cancer treatment with an accurate diagnosis of 60%. Imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy technique is highly accurate and safe, particularly in diagnosis of a suspected tumor.Item Accuracy rate of frozen section studies in ovarian cancers: A regional cancer institute experience.(2013-10) Subbian, A; Devi, U K; Bafna, U DBackground: Frozen section is a valuable diagnostic procedure in the categorization of ovarian tumors as benign, borderline and malignant. Thus, it guides in tailoring surgical therapy, particularly in young women. Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of frozen section in ovarian neoplasms. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was done of intraoperative frozen sections for suspected ovarian neoplasms. The frozen and permanent section reports were compared and overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined. Results: The study included 135 patients and the overall accuracy of frozen section in determining malignancy was 84.25%. Twenty cases were incorrectly diagnosed, of which 16 cases were under-diagnosed and four were over-diagnosed. With respect to malignant potential, the sensitivity for malignant tumors was highest (91.5%) with specificity of 98.2%. For benign tumors, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.4% and 82.6%, respectively. Borderline tumors had the lowest sensitivity of 31.2% with specificity of 94%. Sensitivity for benign, borderline and malignant tumors in the non-mucinous group was 91.3%, 60% and 95% respectively, whereas the sensitivity was 75%, 18% and 57%, respectively, for mucinous tumors revealing low sensitivity in borderline, mucinous tumors. The low sensitivity rates were due to restriction in the sampling of an adequate number of bits in the large sized tumors. Conclusion: The present study concurs that frozen section is an accurate test for diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. However, accuracy rates for borderline and mucinous tumors are low.Item Acid and alkaline phosphatase in epidermoid carcinoma after chemotherapy and radiotherapy: histochemical method.(1973-03-01) Jaiswal, M S; Mishra, N C; Singh, R V; Mehrotra, R M