Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1372

Browse

Browsing Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology by Title

Now showing 1 - 20 of 2047
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    16S rDNA-based metagenomic analysis of human oral plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis and healthy controls.
    (2012-10) Ismail, F; Heuer, W; Stumpp, N; Eberhard, J; Winkel, A; Ismail, I; Haverich, A; Stiesch, M
    To address the question if an altered oral microbiota is associated with atherosclerosis. Twenty patients suffering from atherosclerosis and 10 controls were recruited. Clinical oral, medical and laboratory investigations were performed. Oral bacteria were collected and 16S rDNA was sequenced following Single strand conformation polymorphism.(SSCP) Probing pocket depths in patients were significantly elevated. The oral microbiota of patients and controls were dominated by Fusobacterium (16%/17%), Streptococcus (21%/14%), Prevotella (10%/12%), Enterococcus (12%/12%), Porphyromonas (8%/7%), TM7 (0%/7%) and Veillonella (6%/7%). Differences in diversity were not significant between groups. The pathology of atherosclerosis may not be related to significant qualitative changes of the oral microbiota.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    16S rRNA PCR for differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira isolates.
    (2003-01-24) Shukla, J
    PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors, microbiological features, clinical features and other epidemiological characteristics of Nocardia keratitis seen at a tertiary eye care centre in south India. METHODS: We evaluated 31 patients with Nocardia keratitis seen over two years, from September 1999 to September 2001. Corneal scrapings were subjected to microscopy and culture using standard protocols. RESULTS: Out of 2184 corneal ulcers cultured, 31(1.42%) were found to be Nocardia asteroides. All 31(100%) were detected correctly by 10% potassium hydroxide wet mount preparation. The highest percentage of isolates was susceptible to gentamicin (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin(93.55%). Twenty four (77.42%) patients were from rural areas; 22(70.97%) were agricultural workers; 29(93.55%) had history of trauma; 2(6.45%) had previous ocular surgery; 28(90.32%) had ocular injury with soil and sand; and 22(70.97%) had ocular injury while working in the agricultural fields. Ten (32.26%) patients presented at our institute between 15 to 35 days of onset of illness, 26(83.87%) had previous medical treatment, and 15(48.39%) patients had used traditional eye medicines. The average age of the patients was 46.16 years, with a range of 11 to 75 years. No seasonal variation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion of Nocardia infection should exist in patients with a history of trauma to the eye by soil or sand. The organisms are sensitive to commonly used topical ocular antibiotics.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    ABC… from the eyes of a Microbiologist.
    (2014-07) Kumar, Harsh
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Abnormal morphology of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient on antibiotics.
    (2008-07-13) Mani, R; Nagarathna, S; Chandramuki, A
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acanthamoeba encephalitis.
    (2008-04-01) Kaushal, V; Chhina, D K; Kumar, R; Pannu, H S; Dhooria, H P S; Chhina, R S
    Central nervous system infection with free-living amoebae is rare. We present a fatal case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis in a 63-year-old female from India where acanthamoebae were demonstrated and cultured from CSF. In spite of treatment with amphotericin B, fluconazole and rifampicin the patient did not survive. Amoebic infection should be suspected in a patient of encephalitis of unexplained aetiology as timely diagnosis can lead to a favourable outcome.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acanthamoeba keratitis - A six year epidemiological review from a tertiary care eye hospital in South India.
    (2004-10-24) Manikandan, P; Bhaskar, M; Revathy, R; John, R K; Narendran, V; Panneerselvam, K
    PURPOSE: This study analyses the prevalence, demography, predisposing factors and seasonal variation of Acanthamoeba keratitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of all cases presenting with keratitis at the cornea clinic, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, from August 1997 to July 2003, was done for screening patients with a provisional diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Their records were further analyzed for microbiological details. Cases with culture proven Acanthamoeba keratitis were included for epidemiological analysis. RESULTS: From a total of 4519 patients who attended cornea clinic 32 (33 eyes) patients were confirmed to be positive for Acanthamoeba keratitis. Twenty cases (62.5%) were males. Majority (18; 54.2%) of the Acanthamoeba keratitis eyes reported corneal trauma by solid objects. No peak period was observed in a year, as the number of cases was almost uniform in all months. CONCLUSION: This study indicates the increasing prevalence of Acanthamoeba keratitis among non-contact lens users in this region during the 6-year period.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acanthamoeba keratitis with Curvularia co-infection.
    (2010-01) Gupta, N; Samantaray, J C; Duggal, S; Srivastava, V; Dhull, C S; Chaudhary, U
    We report a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis with Curvularia co-infection. Acanthamoeba and fungal co-infection have been uncommonly reported in literature, worldwide. A classical history with a strong clinical suspicion and experienced laboratory personnel with systematic examination of corneal scrapings for bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal causes are imperative for accurate diagnosis. Early diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis or fungal infection followed by aggressive and appropriate treatment with effective agents is critical for the retention of good vision. Acanthamoeba keratitis is difficult to diagnose and, despite improvement in treatment options, may culminate in prolonged morbidity and significant loss of visual acuity. This case emphasizes the important role played by clinical microbiologists in making prompt diagnosis which can ultimately reduce visual morbidity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Accidental intestinal myiasis caused by genus Sarcophaga.
    (2010-04) Das, A; Pandey, A; Madan, M; Asthana, A K; Gautam, A
    Myiasis of different organs has been reported off and on from various regions in the world. We report a human case of intestinal myiasis caused by larvae of Sarcophaga. A 25 - year - old male presented with symptom of passage of live worms in stool. Following diagnosis and treatment the patient improved completely with cessation of maggots in stool.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Aciclovir resistance among Indian strains of Herpes simplex virus as determined using a dye uptake assay.
    (2007-07-29) Abraham, A M; Kavitha, S; Joseph, P; George, R; Pillay, D; Malathi, J; Jesudason, M V; Sridharan, G
    Resistance to aciclovir (ACV) among Herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates is increasingly being reported in the literature particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, there is only limited data available from India despite widespread use of ACV in our hospital. A cross-sectional study was hence conducted to determine the aciclovir (ACV) susceptibility of HSV 1 and 2 isolates using a dye uptake (DU) assay. This study showed a 3.0% prevalence of ACV resistance among HSV-1 strains (2/66, median IC 50 0.098 microg/mL) while in HSV-2 strains, it was 7.8% (5/64, median IC 50 0.195 microg/mL). The IC 50 for the HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains resistant to ACV was greater than or equal to 6.25 microg/mL.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acinetobacter septicaemia in neonates.
    (2004-01-24) Vinodkumar, C S; Neelagund, Y F
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Actinomycotic bacteraemia after dental procedures.
    (2002-04-28) Bhatawadekar, S; Bhardwaj, R
    PURPOSE: To assess role of oral flora in causing bacteraemia following dental manipulations. METHODS: Fifty patients undergoing dental manipulations were assessed to study the incidence and nature of bacteraemia following dental procedures with special emphasis on Actinomyces. RESULTS: Incidence of bacteraemia was seen to be 80% of which Actinomycotic bacteraemia was found to be 30 %. Common species of Actinomyces isolated were A.viscosus (58.33 %), A.odontolyticus (8.33 %) and A. naeslundi (8.33 %). Aerobic bacteraemia was seen in 48% patients. Common aerobes isolated from bacteraemia following dental procedures were alpha haemolytic streptococci (25.93 %) and diphtheroides (20.38 %). Anaerobic bacteraemia was seen in 6% patients. Common Anaerobes isolated were Peptostreptococcus spp (33.32 %), Prevotella spp. (16.66%) and Bacteroides spp (16.66%). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteraemia was present in 26 % of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Actinomycotic bacteraemia was more commonly seen in patients with periodontal infections. Thus, prophylactic measures need to be instituted in such patients to prevent cervicofacial, thoracic or abdominal Actinomycosis developing later on.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acute abdomen: an unusual presentation of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection.
    (2008-04-01) George, I A; Sudarsanam, T D; Pulimood, A B; Mathews, M S
    Varied clinical presentations of Penicillium marneffei, an opportunistic pathogen in HIV disease has been rarely described in literature. We report a patient with advanced AIDS who presented to us with prolonged fever and had features of an acute abdomen. On radiologic imaging he had features of intestinal obstruction and mesenteric lymphadenitis. A diagnosis was made possible by endoscopic biopsies of the small bowel and bone marrow culture which grew P. Marneffei. He was treated with intravenous amphotericin for 2 weeks followed by oral itraconazole. This case is reported for its rarity and unusual presentation and to sensitise clinicians and microbiologists to consider this as an aetiology in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS who present with acute abdomen, more so in patients from a distinct geographic region--South-East Asia.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute hepatitis due to Epstein–Barr virus with cross-reacting antibodies to cytomegalovirus
    (Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists, 2018-03) Karadeniz, A; Yesilbag, Z; Kaya, F; Akgün, FS
    Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the cause of systemic infection known as infectious mononucleosis with classic presentation of fever, oropharyngitis and lymphadenitis. EBV rarely causes acute hepatitis. In this report, we present a 19-year-old patient presented with nausea, fatigue and jaundice. Her physical examination and laboratory tests revealed the diagnosis as acute hepatitis due to EBV with cross-reacting antibodies to cytomegalovirus.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute necrotizing pancreatitis with pancreatic abscess due to Prevotella species in a diabetic.
    (2010-01) Sonavane, A; Baradkar, V; Salunkhe, P; D'Souza, D; Kumar, S
    Acute pancreatitis occasionally presents as pancreatic abscess with complications like pleural effusion and ascites. There are several pre-disposing factors, the most common being cholelithiaisis, alcohol abuse, infective causes, trauma, and metabolic causes such as diabetic ketoacidosis, while some cases are idiopathic. Here, we report a rare case of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in a 40-year-old male who presented with pain in the abdomen, ascites and left basal pleural effusion. A computerized tomography (CT) scan showed findings suggestive of pancreatic necrosis, with abscess formation and free-fluid surrounding area. The aspirated pus sample was processed for Gram staining and culture, which yielded growth of Prevotella species in an anaerobic culture. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and intra-abdominal collection drained. Necrosectomy of the distal tail and body of the pancreas was performed. The patient was started on antibiotics and along with supportive treatment, responded well.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acute urticaria associated with Dicrocoelium dendriticum infestation.
    (2008-01-30) Sing, A; Tybus, K; Fackler, I
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    ADR: An atypical presentation of rare dematiaceous fungus.
    (2014-07) Karthika, J; Ramesh, V; Shivakamy; Valli
    The association of fungus in allergic fungal rhino sinusitis has been around 200 times in the world literature. As per the available literature, the most common agent identified so far appears to be ASPERGILLUS, though the condition is increasingly associated with Dematiaceous fungi. Here we report for the first time the presence of unusual fungus in allergic rhino sinusitis, which has not been reported so far.