Andhra Pradesh Journal of Psychological Medicine

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149621

Editor: Rajshekhar Bipeta

ISSN: 2241-5891; (Print)

Frequency: 2 issues a year

Language: English

An Indian Psychiatric Society, Andhra Pradesh (IPS-AP) State branch I

Open Access Double blind Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.apjpm.org/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 160

Aaron Temkin Beck
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Surapogu, Jeevana
Background: Aaron Beck is one of the pioneers in the field of psychiatry and a contemporary psychiatrist who played a seminal role in the development of ‘cognitive behaviour therapy’ for depression. He is regarded as ‘father of cognitive therapy’ and contributed his research on psychotherapy, psychopathology, study of suicide and various rating scales.
Abbreviated form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: Hindi translation
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Lewis, Christopher Alan; Musharraf, Sadia; Lewis, Mary Jane
Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970)
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2010-08) Naveen K
Abraham Maslow was a humanistic theorist who did exemplary work in the field of mental health. His thinking wassurprisingly original - most psychologists before him had been concerned with the abnormal and the ill. He wanted toknow what constituted positive mental health He proposed hierarchy of needs which is relevant even today. Thepresent paper presents a brief overview of his life & his work.
Antidepressant action of ketamine anaesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with depression
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Lokhande, Chetan; Shah, Nilesh; Sousa, Avinash De
Background: Managing treatment resistant depression has been a confounding problem for psychiatrists in clinical practice. Glutamate receptor agents are being tried as the next line of antidepressants for the future. Case Description: We describe herewith a case of treatment resistant depression that received ECT with ketamine anaesthesia and showed improvement in a course of 7 ECTs. Discussion : The improvement the patient showed was remarkable and demonstrates the efficacy of ketamine in the management of depression where most drugs have not benefited the patient Conclusion : The role of ketamine in ECT anaesthesia in the management of patients with depression needs to be explored further
Application of the ecological framework in depression: an approach whose time has come
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2013-07) Lakhan, Ram; Ekúndayò, Olúgbémiga T
Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. It is a global health problem and a public health concern. There is a need to explore and conceptualize a workable and comprehensive model that facilitates the treatment and prevention of depression in the community. The ecological model that has been used in several health issues may be viewed as an option. Objective: This paper aims to propose an ecological model for depression; the model can describe a comprehensive approach in treating and rehabilitating people with depression. Discussion: Application of a community model in psychiatry was first recorded by Lambo. However, application of the ecological model in treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of depression has not been recorded. We review and discuss the application of this model in this setting. Conclusion: This ecological approach may be a useful approach in treating and rehabilitating individuals with depression in the community. This may require some degree of community sensitization, empowerment and mental health advocacy.
An approach to the assessment of a patient with erectile dysfunction
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Mallepalli, Pramod KR; Vanamali, Dharma Rao; M, Raghuram; B, Sivanaga Reddy
Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very distressing condition that not only has a negative impact on the man’s sexual ability but also has damaging repercussions on the couple’s quality of life. ED leads to depression, anxiety and loss of self-esteem and can contribute to marital breakdowns. Men are reluctant to seek help for fear of not being taken seriously or out of embarrassment and become isolated within their relationship, which may lose all aspects of intimate contact. Objective: In this article, we are reviewing the approach to a patient with ED in the present context. Discussion: All men with ED should undergo a full medical assessment in a stepwise manner. Conclusion: A stepwise approach in the assessment of ED helps clinician to arrive at a proper diagnosis, which in turn may lead to better management. The teatment for ED is readily available and highly effective, yet is underutilized.
Asperger's syndrome
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2010-08) Vijay Sagar J
Asperger's syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction,along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. In contrast to other autism spectrum disorders,there is relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not a essential diagnostic criteria,physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported.
Astrology and mental illness
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2013-07) Kavirayani, Krishna Murthy
Astrology is an ancient system which was said to be predictive of human nature, character and health, it has a very significant history and at times it gives an idea that it is nearly scientific, but, rigorous experiments with the available scientific methodologies of present times. The history of astrology, ancient significance, dictions and contradictions are discussed in the presented paper.
Attitude towards mental health among postgraduate students and house surgeons in a tertiary teaching hospital at Kancheepuram: a questionnaire based study
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2013-01) Mohammed, Afiz Ashraf; Vinila, Cattamichi; Alam, Asghar; Arthur, Matilda; Bandla, Shailaja; Sultana, Zubeida; Gopalaswamy, Srinivasa Gopalan; Kishore, Kondapalakala Kiran; Balasubrahmanyan, Sivachidambaram
Background: The stigma attached to mental illness and the mentally ill is a universal phenomenon and a major barrier to the provision of mental health services. Stigmatising attitude among doctors themselves can result in compromised patient care. Aims: To study the Perception & Attitude towards Mental Health among Post Graduate students of various specialities and House Surgeons. Methods: Cross sectional study involving post graduate students of various descriptive specialities and house surgeons at Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India. A modified version of Attitude towards psychiatry-30 (ATP-30) Questionnaire was used for the study. Statistical Analysis was done using the software, Graph Instapad with which Chi Square test with Yates correction was done. Results: The attitude of majority among postgraduate students and house surgeons in Meenakshi Medical college and research institute was positive (70.7%). Males (71.2%) had slightly more positive attitude than females (70.2%). House surgeons (80.4%) had more positive attitude than postgraduate students (64.6%).Non clinical post graduate students (81.8%) had more positive attitude than post graduate students of medical (53.7%) and surgical (68.8%) specialties. Participants posted in psychiatry posting prior to this study had slightly more positive attitude (72.5%) than those who did not (69.8%).Unmarried participants had more positive (73.4%) attitude than married participants (63.9%). Participants from urban background had more positive attitudes (81.2%) than with rural background (41.2%). Conclusion: There is need to create awareness among the non-psychiatry post graduate students about mental health and also introduce mental health education in rural areas.
Authorship criteria in biomedical research: will guidelines help resolve the problem?
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2011-01) Rajshekhar B
Autobiographical memory deficits in acute transient psychosis after remission
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2012-08) Sadhu, Raja; Kumar, Sashi B; TR, Srinivas; Mongia, Monica; Arya, S C
Background : In our clinical practice, in patients who went into clinical remission from their psychotic episodes, we found variability in recall pattern of events and experiences occurring during psychotic states. Aims: The present study aimed to find out the deficits in autobiographical memory regarding the events and experiences which occurred during psychotic states in clinically remitted acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) patients. Method: Consecutive patients (20), who went into clinical remission within a period of three months of onset of their first ATPD episodes, along with their informants (20), who were selected as per specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, were interviewed within a period of two months of clinical remission of their psychotic episodes. The interviews were based on a list which included items regarding different events and experiences restricted to the period of patients' illness and their recall abilities were compared. Results: Catatonic features, features suggestive of dis-inhibition, impairment of personal care, manic features and biological function impairment were the items which patients found difficult to recall. Conclusion: The study showed that the patients had autobiographical memory deficits regarding their catatonic features, dis-inhibitions, personal care and biological function impairments and manic symptoms after their clinical remission, which has clinical and management implications. However the study was limited by the small sample size and naturalistic design. Key message - Patients found it difficult to remember catatonic features, dis-inhibitions, manic symptoms, personal care and biological function impairments which occurred during their psychotic episodes after clinical remission of their acute transient psychotic episodes.
Body mapping: a novel tool for psychiatrists
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2012-08) Immadisetty, Vyasa
Background: Body mapping is a creative therapeutic tool that brings together bodily experience and visual artistic expression. Initially, it was used by health and safety for detecting unspoken injuries in workforce, musicians to improve posture and coordination while decreasing injury. Its effectiveness in improving communication was exploited by allied health bodies for talking about sensitive sexual health issues and improve health awareness in Uganda, Kenya, India and Thailand. The technique involves patients to represent psychosomatic symptoms, body images, aches and pains, onto a chart (body map) using colours, pictures, symbols and words to represent various experiences. This is akin to a psychological enquiry where the clinician exploits the exercise to develop an understanding of the patient's psychopathology as well as foster a relationship. Case description: The author reports a case of middle aged man of Afro Caribbean origin with psychotic illness who was successfully treated by utilizing the concepts of body-mind mapping. This paper highlights the benefits of using body mapping in psychiatric practice by way of improved communication between patient and therapist to explore psychosomatic as well as builds therapeutic relationship. Discussion: Body mapping has been used by therapists in diverse areas like eating disorder, trauma etc. It helps to externalise somatic-emotional experience, to make meaning through the creative process of symbolization. This technique may be useful in cases of the chronic illnesses to aid engagement, compliance and insight. The wide prevalence of psychosomatic complaints across the world indicates the necessity for alternative models of interactive communication other than a language based psychiatric interview in all situations. Conclusion: Body mapping can be a useful clinical communication tool. When used appropriately, it has the potential to improve insight and compliance in psychiatric patients
Body-mind-libido complex: an Indian approach
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2011-01) Korada P
India as a Nation had done more research in the concept of mind and body- mind than any other in the world. The basisof her philosophy is both spiritual and scientific. Her concept of Kundalini is broadly analogous to the west concept oflibido. The concepts of the structure of mind, body, soul and libido have spread far and wide through her religiousliterature. This was responsible for its fast spread and sustained survival despite repeated onslaughts; but this is preciselythe same reason why the present day mental health professionals entertain biased reservations against such vast treasureof knowledge. Nevertheless, an unbiased approach to the subject would bring out many scientific facts that if discretelyincorporated into the scientific literature of behavioral sciences, would certainly enrich the subject.A point of interest which is highlighted in this article is... while the West searches for abnormality in the human mind,India searches for the absolute Ideal in the same. Both are apparently contradictory indeed; but if brought together, theunderstanding, of human mind and behavior, would take a healthier turn and become more meaningful.The article refers to the Pancha kosa theory, the Chakra theory, and the structural concept of the mind as per Indian philosophy.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2013-07) Boorla, Vivaswan
Skinner was the most influential American psychologist, behaviourist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He is regarded as father of operant conditioning. He is famous for his research on schedules of reinforcement by using animals in Skinner box.
Caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Ponangi, Chytanya D; Thatisetti, Pavan Kumar V; Dronanmraju, Phani B
Background: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia are subjected to a lot of burden due the stigma in the society, lack of support from the government and society, which leads to a lot of financial psychological and social burden on the caregivers. Aims: To study the burden of care on caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and various factors affecting the burden. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on schizophrenia patients and their caregivers. Caregiver burden was assessed by Interview Schedule (Pai and Kapur, 1981). Results: The burden of care was high in both subjective and objective scales and factors like female sex middle age and severity of illness had effect on extent of burden. Conclusion: The various risk factors for burden must be identified and measures must be taken in terms of support to the caregivers who are at risk to face more burden. Key message: Often the physician treating patients with schizophrenia ignore the burden faced by the family members. This has a huge impact on the family and thus indirectly on the patient
Childhood psychiatric illnesses need attention
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2012-01) Murty, YV Sankara; Yerramilli, Srinivasa SRR
Clinical features and comorbidities of depression among inpatients in a tertiary care centre
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-07) Munoli, Ravindra N; Sharma, PSVN; Kongasseri, Sreejayan; Bhandary, Rajeshkrishna P; Praharaj, Samir Kumar
Background: Background: There are few studies of depression in Indian population which have looked at depression comprehensively covering various facets in a sample population. The objective of the current study was to recognize the clinical features and comorbidities of depression among inpatients in a tertiary care centre. Method: This was an observational study in which 50 patients admitted with ICD-10 diagnosis of depression were assessed for clinical symptomatology and comorbidity. Results: The mean number of somatic symptoms was 11.44 (SD 6.66), and the mean number of stressful life events over lifetime and in past 1 year were 8.02 (SD 3.8) and 1.44 (SD 1.18), respectively. One fifth of the sample (20%) had personality disorder; among them, mixed personality disorder (12%) was the most common diagnosis. Most of the patients had suicidal ideation (62%) and 26% had attempted suicide during their lifetime. Majority (60%) had atleast one psychiatric comorbidity; the most common being anxiety disorder (46%). Physical comorbidity was present in 54% of the patients; the common diagnoses were hypertension (18%), diabetes mellitus (14%) and ischaemic heart disease (12%). Conclusion: The current study found somatic symptoms and suicide ideation to be frequent in the sample. Also, comorbid conditions including personality disorders are frequent in patients with depression.
Clozapine: The Good, The Bad and The Costly
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2013-07) Tirupati, Srinivasan
Clozapine is currently the most effective drug to manage treatment resistant form of schizophrenia. It has a unique safety profile different from other antipsychotic drugs. Its use requires close monitoring and management, sometimes for the life time of its use. This adds to the cost of treatment and also negatively influences utilisation of the drug by psychiatrists. This article discusses alternatives to make clozapine use less costly while maintaining its safety, effectiveness and improve its utilisation.
The community psychiatry movement-pros and cons
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2011-08) Seshi Kumar D
Community mental health services support or treat people with mental health difficulties in a domiciliarysetting, instead of a psychiatric hospital (asylum). This is a system of care in which the patient's community, nota psychiatric facility, is the primary provider of care. These services vary from country to country. The goal ofcommunity mental health services is much more than simply providing outpatient psychiatric treatment. Thepresent article discusses the history, and the pros and cons of community psychiatry movement.
Community-based approach as an innovation in mental health care in India
(Indian Psychiatric Society, 2014-01) Gautam, Atul; Bansal, Shipra
Mental health issues and its respective domains have been at back burner ever since independence of India. The national policy on mental health was focused on states effort. In the last decade the work done by voluntary sector and NGOs has done significant work across the country. Community care program is the innovative approach that has helped the different stake holders in dealing with mental health and mental illness. The article highlights the stages of development and the major shift in approach in the last few years. The main idea is to develop a view point on community’s participation in the field of psychiatric work.

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