Thammasat Medical Journal - ธรรมศาสตร์เวชสาร

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(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-05) Sompong Pongthai
Age
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-11) Kongkiat Kulkantrakorn
Albinism [ดูหน้า รู้โรค ; โรคเผือก]
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-01-24) Dhaivadee Dulayjinda
Anti-tyrosinase activity of purple glutinous rice Thailand local genotypes
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-01-24) Vanida Jansom; Sakul Moolkam; Chalerm Jansom; Ekasith Skulkhu
Purple glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) is widely cultivated in the north and northeast of Thailand. Its purplish black pericarp layers is rich in anthocyanin. Purple glutinous rice is a good source of fiber, minerals, and several important amino acids; furthermore, the high content of γ-oryzanol and the anthocyanin which were identified as cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside. The aim of this study was to examine anti-tyrosinase compoundin difference local genotypes of purple glutinous rice. Among 36 genotypes of purple glutinous rice were collected, K-Entry 9 showed the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 369.5 μg/ml). By means of column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, the ethyl acetate extract yielded purified compound which inhibited tyrosinase enzyme activity with IC50 = 64.2 ± 1.04 μg/ml. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic method as protocatechuic acid. This valuable data would be useful for standardization of purple glutinous rice products used in anti-aging and whitening cosmetics. Also, this was an alternative process for value added to purple glutinous rice Thailand local genotypes
Antioxidant activity and chemical constituents in purple glutinous rice Thailand local genotypes
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-02-08) Chalerm Jansom; Sakul Moolkam; Vanida Jansom; Ekasith Skulkhu; Kornkarn Bhamarapravatana
Genetic diversity and growing environment cause differentiation of chemical constituents in purpleglutinous rice (Oryza Sativa L.) The colors of pericarp layers are characterized by anthocyanins profile. Theanthocyanins are cyanidin dihexoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin hexoside and peonidin 3-glucoside. They belong to parent class of flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity. In this study was to investigate for antioxidant activity and chemical constituents in purple glutinous rice Thailand local genotypes. The 36 local genotypes of purple glutinous rice were collected from the north and northeast of Thailand. K-Entry 12 Niewdam gave the highest antioxidant activity both DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 26.64 ± 1.14 μg/ml) and lipid peroxidation assay (IC50 = 50.22 ± 5.51 μg/ml). Furthermore, the highest content of total phenolics compound and cyanidin 3-glucoside were 1.73 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g (grain) and 536.57 ± 4.05 μg/g (grain), respectively. K-Entry 17 Niewdamtubmhoo gave high antioxidant activity by lipid peroxidation assay (IC50 = 70.24 ± 2.20 μg/ml) and high cyaniding 3-glucoside content [488.22 ± 3.45 μg/g (grain)]. This data demonstrated to cultivated K-Entry 12 Niewdam promotion. This genotype could be useful raw material for nutraceutical product.
Art therapy 1: background and history
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-11) Lertsiri Bovornkitti
This paper is drawn from a search of available documents on art therapy with regard to its historical background in England and other parts of Europe, the United States and Thailand. The term “art therapy” was coined by Margaret Naumburg, a psychoanalyst. She was a student of Dr. Nolan Lewis, a distinguished psychiatrist at the New York Psychology Institute at New York University, who became the first American art therapist. Both Nolan and Naumburg used art therapy as a supplementary tool of psychotherapy, whereas Edith Kramer, another renowned early pioneer in the field, introduced another therapeutic model called “art as therapy.” She made this the center of treatment, totally independent from psychotherapy. Despite their early success, it took almost 40 years for art therapy to be accepted by the American Mental Health Department. In Thailand, there are only a handful of visual artists, psychiatrists and psychologists who have used art in their therapeutic work; among them, only a minority was really devoted to the practice of art therapy. The present author became involved in art therapy by accident when groups of artists and psychiatrists joined at a scientific conference: An Introductory Course on Art Therapy, which was held in Bangkok and Pattaya, Thailand, on March 17 and 18, and during the period from March 19 to 21, 2004, respectively. Thereafter, he has worked uninterruptedly in that field throughout Thailand through regular publications and other activities.
Art Therapy in Practice
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-02-08) Lertsiri Bovornkitti
Art Therapy has long been practiced in many countries, especially in the West, as an alternative means for treating mentally traumatized persons. However, it is not yet implemented rutinely in Thailand. Literally, it denotes the practice of utilizing art materials in the treatment of patients; the current term refers to the specific use of art creation in psychotherapy (çart psychotherapyé). The main objectives of treatment are the strengthening of indivdual creativity and the expression and elaboration of the patientsû thoughts and emotions. The visual art of drawing and painting are the most commonly practiced: sculpturing is a practical therapeutic form for dealing with blind patients. Patientsû creation of visual art, leading to non-verbal self disclosure,helps them get in touch with thoughts and feelings that are hiddenfrom the conscious mind, the discipline of so-called expressive art therapy. This chapter furnishes a brief overview of art therapy practice in achieving therapeutic results. In practice, there are three main types of art therapy interventions: open studio, group art therapy, and individual art therapy. In order to facillitate the expression of the internal world, art therapy practice involves offering thepatient a white page and the freedom to choose any art material, and to work within a silent and peaceful environment. Regarding the art therapeutic process, the three elements, namely, image-making, the elaboration of images, and the relationship with the art therapist, are inferconnected. They should never be used in isolation, and none of them should be forgotten in clinical practice. At this point, it must be stressed that the results of treatment rely upon the process of creation and not the finished art product
An Assessment of Stakeholders’ Needs in Health Promotion \& Environmental Health Programs of the Department of Health
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Rojanakorn Menakanist; Chanyuth Phromprapat; Suparat Asuwaphongphatthana
Health Promotion and Environmental Health Development is a vital mission of Department of Health (DOH). The achievement of health promotion and environmental health is a participation of people who are major stakeholders. The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the relationship and opinion among stakeholders toward policy, strategies, activities, administration, including their needs and recommendations for DOH tasks under the following projects: Kon Thai Rai Pung (No-Belly Project), Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Project, Adolescent’s Health Development Project, and Public Toilet Management Project. Data from 6 groups of stakeholders were collected and analyzed i.e., customer, local administration, workplace, teachers and students, mass media, and provincial public health officers in 4 provinces which were Nonthaburi, Saraburi, Chonburi and Rachaburi. The results of the study showed the overall of way to create participation. It was found that there were two obvious relationships between, the sample groups and DOH. One was on receiving services from DOH and public health officers such as provincial hospital, and on environmental health campaign found in Chonburi provincial public health office. Another one, research with less relationship was participation on policy and planning by acting analyst, reviewer, proposer as well as project evaluation team of DOH. In order to achieve the DOH’s mission, we should provide an opportunity for all the 6 groups of stakeholders to participate in carrying out the activities. The relationship with stakeholders must be regulated, especially the group who has an important role in supporting the DOH activities.
Bactermia in pediatric patients in Thammasat University Hospital
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-02-08) Supawut Suksantilirs; Pornumpa Bunjoungmanee; Auchara Tangsathapornpong
Background: Bacteremia is a life-threatening condition. Delayed treatment of this condition may lead to sepsisor septic shock which increase mortality in children.Objectives: To study epidemiological data, causative agents, and antibiotic susceptibility in pediatric patientswith bacteremia at Thammasat University Hospital.Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted for patients, aged between 1 month and 15 years,diagnosed with bacteremia at Thammasat University hospital between January 2002 andOctober 2008.Results: The sample group was 38 children with bacteremia. Bacteremia mostly occurred in infants aged1 month to 1 year (57.9%). They acquired infection in the community more than in the hospital(73.6% and 26.4% respectively). Most children (84.2%) had a focal site of infection. Respiratorytract infection (26.3 %) and urinary tract infection (18.4%) were most common found. 71.1% ofchildren had a fever higher than 39 ÌC. In 44.7% of patient had white blood cell more than15,000 cells/cumm. Ten percent of infants and 56.3% of children aged more than 1 year hadunderlying disease. Two children (5.3%) who had underlying disease died with gram negativeseptic shock. Gram negative bacteria were isolated more frequently than gram positive bacteria(73.6% vs 26.4%). Among the gram negative bacteria, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were thepredominant group, followed by Enterobacter spp. These organisms were susceptible to amikacin(100%), gentamicin (67-86%), cefotaxime (67-86%) and ampicillin (0-33%). In this study, theisolated gram positive bacteria included S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and S. viridans. Sixty sevenpercent of S. pneumoniae was susceptible to penicillin.Conclusion: In children, bacteremia mostly occurred in infants and caused by community acquired gramnegative infections. The common gram negative organisms were highly susceptible to amikacinbut resisted to ampicillin. The relatively this study should alert pediatrician to aware of bacteremiain infant without underlying diseases.
Benzene
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-11) Pornchai Sithisarankul
Benzene is ubiquitous in the air, especially cigarette smoke and car exhaust. It is a carcinogen causing acute myeloid leukemia. This article reviews the sources, exposure, exposure assessment, biomarker of exposure and biomarker of effect of benzene.
Buy Thai
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Kongkiat Kulkantrakorn; Somchai Bovornkitti
Cardiovascular Response to Treadmill Walking Exercise and Shuttle Walking Exercise in Female Adolescents
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-11) Ninlawan Phaobthong; Kanoknit Chidencee; Rattanaporn Sonpeayung; Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
Background: There are many types of exercise for improving exercise endurance. Treadmill walking exercise is the favorite exercise. However, this exercise requires a highly complex equipment. In contrast, shuttle walking exercise does not require any equipment; it is cheap and also comfortable. Aims: To compare the effect of cardiovascular responses between treadmill walking exercise and shuttle walking exercise in young women, to compare the effect of cardiovascular responses before and after treadmill walking exercise and to compare the effect of cardiovascular responses before and after shuttle walking exercise. Method: The study enrolled 45 young healthy women aged between 18-25 years. The subjects were divided into two groups. The controlled group consisted of 15 young healthy women. The experimental group consisted of 30 young healthy women and was divided into two groups. There were 15 participants in shuttle walking exercise group and 15 participants in treadmill walking exercise group. All of them passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. 30 participants in experimental group were asked to exercise for 12 minutes per day, 3 days per weeks with the duration period of 6 weeks. The measurement including respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, Rating of perceived exertion (Borg score) and VO₂max before and after exercise. Data were analyzed by the SPSS program (Version 15.0). Paired T-test and One way ANOVA were used to assess the differences in outcome measurement. Result: There was no significant difference in cardiovascular responses between treadmill walking exercise and shuttle walking exercise. However, there were significant difference in cardio-vascular responses between before and after exercise in shuttle walking exercise and treadmill walking exercise (p \< 0.05). Conclusion: Shuttle walking exercise as effective as treadmill walking exercise for improving cardiovascular endurance. Therefore, it may be used in daily life because it is more comfortable, safer, easier, cheaper than treadmill walking exercise.
The characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells from peripheral blood and mobilized peripheral blood in comparison to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Sermkieat Tanuchit; Pakpoom Kheolamai; Sirikul Manochantr; Chairat Tantrawatpan; Yaowalak U-pratya; Aungkura Supokawej; Charoenchai Chiamchanya; Surapol Issaragrisil
Objective: To isolate and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from peripheral blood and G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood. Methods: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood, G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood and bone marrow using gradient centrifugation. The numbers of MSCs in these three sources were quantified using flow cytometry. The isolated MNCs were then cultured to generate MSCs. The MSCs generated from those three sources were studied in term of the MSC marker (CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD106) expression, the ability to generate colony (CFU-F) in culture and the ability to differentiate toward osteocyte and adipocyte-lineages. Results: The percentage of cells that expressed CD90 in fresh MNC populations isolated from bone marrow (BM-MNCs), peripheral blood (PB-MNCs) and mobilized peripheral blood (MPB-MNCs) is 1.94, 2.1 and 0.05 respectively, while the expression of CD73 in BM-MNCs, PB-MNCs and MPB-MNCs is 5.2, 15.2 and 7.8 respectively. The percentage of cells that expressed CD105 in BM-MNCs, PB-MNCs and MPB-MNCs is 5.3, 4.1 and 2.75, respectively while the expression of CD106 in those three populations is 2.82, 2.36 and 4.5 respectively. The ability of BM-MNCs, PB-MNCs and MPB-MNCs to generate colony in culture (CFU-F) is 67, 30 and 48 colonies per 10⁶ plating MNCs, respectively. After culture for three passages, more than 64% of BM-MNCs, PB-MNCs and MPB-MNCs homogeneously expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105. In contrast, the expression of CD45 (marker of hematopoietic cells) in those populations is negative. In addition, the bone marrow-derived MSCs also have an ability to differentiate toward osteocyte and adipocyte-lineages. Conclusion: We have successfully isolated and characterized MSCs from both peripheral blood and G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood. Those MSCs expressed several MSC markers, including CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD106, and able to generate colonies in culture in a manner similar to those of BM-MSCs. Our results suggest that these PB-MSCs and MPB-MSCs might be used as an alternative source for the clinical treatment in the future.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly in comparison to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-11) Supadej Rojphisan; Sirikul Manochantr; Yaowaluk U-pratya; Chairat Tantrawatpan; Pakpoom Kheolamai; Aungkura Supokawej; Surapol Issaragrisil
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into different mesenchymal lineages, including adipose tissue, bone and cartilage. For clinical use, adult bone marrow is the most common source of MSCs. However, the frequency and differentiating capacity of MSCs in adult bone marrow decrease with age of donors. Different post-natal tissues have been studied for the presence of MSCs. However, there is no report about the characteristic of MSCs isolated from those sources in comparison to MSCs isolated from bone marrow. This study comprehensively compared several characteristics of MSCs isolated from umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly and bone marrow in aspects of cell morphology, immunophenotype and growth kinetics as well as the differentiation capacity to be adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. We successfully isolated MSCs from umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly, as well as bone marrow. Our results indicated that MSCs isolated from those three sources have fibroblast-like morphology and exhibited similar cell surface markers including CD73, CD90, and CD105. Umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly derived MSCs cultured in NH OsteoDiff Medium and NH AdipoDiff Medium showed the ability to differentiate to be osteocytes and adipocytes in a comparable degree to bone marrow derived MSCs. Moreover, the proliferation capacity of MSCs isolated from umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly at passage 2 to 4 was significantly higher than bone marrow derived MSCs (p \< 0.05). The results obtained from this study indicated that MSCs isolated from umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly had similar characteristic in comparison to bone marrow derived MSCs. Therefore, post-natal tissues, especially umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly, are attractive alternative sources of MSCs for future clinical application.
Characterization of Vibrio Cholerae O1 Isolated During 2001-2004 by Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Typing
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Apisara Lutthisungnoen; Sumalee Kondo; Suchat Udomsopagit; Nat Smittipat; Prasit Palittaponkarnpim
Vibrio cholerae causes severe secretory diarrhoea. The cholera infection remains a major problem of public health worldwide particularly in developing countries including Thailand. Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs) has been increasingly used as molecular markers for typing various bacteria. As it is PCR-based, this method provides more rapidity and reproducibility, lower intensive labor and less cost compared to other molecular techniques. This study was aimed to examine allelic diversity of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) of V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strains isolated from different regions of Thailand during 2001-2004 using the VNTR typing method. Ten loci of tandem repeats were selected and used for differentiating the isolates. The results of VNTR typing showed that the most potential marker for distinguishing the strains was at designated locus VC2_7. This locus showed variation of 5 alleles and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.48. The other loci generated 1-2 alleles with a very low PIC value (0.095). The copy number of VNTRs among the strains from an outbreak in Songkla province isolated in the year 2001 (n=34) and other sporadic cases isolated during 2001-2004 except one isolate from Chaiyapum province revealed that it was genetically closely related. It was suggested that these close strains were most likely from the same origin and there was possibly low mutation rate of tandem repeats among the Inaba strains.
Chromobacterium violaceum infection: A case report from Pathum Thani
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Kallaya Srinavarat; Kanittha Choksawad
Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative, Gram-negative bacillus which inhabits in stagnant water. We describe a case of a nine-year-old, healthy boy. He got infected after swimming in stagnant water in a rice-paddy and developed a high fever, cellulitis and abscess in various parts of the body. The patient was successfully treated with Amikacin, Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Human infections caused by this organism is rare, but severity of the disease and mortality rate is high. Clinicians should be aware as part of the differential diagnosis of sepsis, cellulites, skin abscess or multiple organ abscesses associated with a history of exposure to stagnant water.
Clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid profiles in children presenting with fever and seizure at Thammasat University Hospital
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2011-02-08) Yongyuth Chumkomlue; Sudathip Paticheep; Suda Jirasakuldej
Background: Fever with seizure is a common neurological problem in children. In clinical practice, the possibility of central nervous system infection should be excluded before diagnosing febrile seizure.Objective: To study the clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid profiles in children presenting withfever and seizure at Thammasat University Hospital.Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study of the children age 3 months to 5 years who presented withfever and seizure at Thammasat University Hospital during January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2006. Lumbar puncture was performed in all cases.Results: 74 children (3 months to 5 years old) with fever and seizure were eligible for the study. Most (63.5%) of them were between 3 months to 1 year old. Family history of febrile seizure presented in 18.6%. Most of them had body temperature between 38.0-38.9°C and simple febrile seizure type described as seizure in the first 24 hours of fever, seizure less than 15 minutes in duration, no repeated seizure and generalized seizure type. Approximately 61 percent of the patients had no postictal conscious change. Poor feeding, lethargy, vomiting, irritability, meningeal irritation and anterior fontanel bulging were found in 36.8%, 32.8%, 25.7%, 14.3%, 2.7% and 1.8% respectively. Most of them (95.9%) had normal cerebrospinal fluid profiles. Three subjects (4.1%) ages4 months, 12 months and 48 months old, who had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid results, had prolonged fever more than 24 hours, recurrent seizures within 24 hours and no signs of meningeal irritation. These three patients were finally diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis and viral encephalitis respectively.Conclusion: Febrile seizure was known as a benign condition without evidence of central nervous systeminfection. However, the physician should consider performing lumbar puncture according to the guideline or in highly suspicious patient.
Clinical usefulness of CEA in colontal cancer
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Assanee Tongyoo; Weerayut Thowprasert
Abstract not available
Comparative results of treatment of morning sickness with normal and high-dose vitamin B6
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Kitti Krungkraipetch
Study design: Quasi-experimental clinical study.Objectives: 1. To study the effectiveness of vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy period. 2. To compare the outcome of symptoms relief between the higher dosage and normal dosage of vitamin B6.Population and Samples: The pregnant women in 1st trimester period who had symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting at the ANC of the Burapha University Hospital from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2007. The samples were recruited by inclusion and exclusion criteria and grouped by simple random. The total number of samples were 100 patients who were divided to group 1 (75 mg-B6 group, n=50) and group 2 (100 mg-B6 group, n=50).Materials and Methods: The 1st group was assigned to receive 25 mg of vitamin B6 orally 3 times after meal and the 2nd group was assigned to receive 50 mg of vitamin B6 orally 2 times after meal. Both groups received B6 everyday for 5 days and made the appointment visit 1 week for evaluation the clinical response and data collection. The general data were collected by the researcher with questionnaires. The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was used for nausea symptom evaluation by the patients themselves. The frequency of vomiting symptom was also collected by patients themselves. Analysis Percentage, Mean, SD, SE, Chi-square, Paired-t-test and Repeated measurement analysis of variance methods were used to analyze the data.Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the general data of both groups. 2. The nausea symptom in the evening time was higher than the morning time at the statistic significance level of .05. 3. The difference of group factor was no influence in the level of nausea and frequency of vomiting symptoms. But time factor was influence in nausea score and frequency of vomiting symptoms at the statistical significance level (p ≤ .01). 4. The nausea scores in the morning of both groups on the day before intervention were different from day 1-5 of vitamin B6 intervention at the statistical significance (p ≤ .01) and the nausea score on the day 1-5 were different statistical significance in each other except day 1 vs. day 2, day 2 vs. day 3 and day 3 vs. day 4. 5. The nausea score in the evening of both groups on the day before intervention were different from day 1-5 of vitamin B6 intervention at the statistical significance (p ≤ .01) except day 1 and the nausea score on the day 1-5 were different statistical significance in each other except day 1 vs. day 2 and day 3 vs. day 4. 6. The frequency of vomiting of both groups on the day before intervention were different from day 1-5 of vitamin B6 intervention at the statistical significance (p ≤ .01) and the frequency of vomiting on the day 1-5 were different statistical significance in each other except day 1 vs. day 2 and day 3 vs. day 4.Conclusions: The dosage of vitamin B6 100 mg/day is effective in relieving severity of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy as well as vitamin B6 75 mg/day.
Comparative study of semen quality between pre-washed and post-washed with 3 sperm preparation media
(Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, 2010-03-10) Nattpawit Kaewnoonual; Charoenchai Chiamchanya; Pachara Visutakul; Sirikul Manochantr; Jirattikan Chaiya; Pharuhat Tor-Udom
The semen preparation medium that yields good semen quality is one among various important factors in the process of infertility treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the semen analysis parameters before and after preparation with 3 semen preparation media i.e. PureSperm® (Nidacon, Gothenburg, Sweden), Sil-Select Plus™ (Fertipro, Beernem, Belgium) and SpermGrad™ (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) for enhancement of good semen quality.The total of 28 males of infertile couples attending Fertility Clinic of Thammasat University Hospital during the year 2007 were studied. Their semen (pre-washed) were analyzed for semen analysis parameters according to WHO¹ and Kruger’ strict criteria² and then equally divided into 3 aliquots and processed with 3 semen preparation media followed by semen analysis once again (post-washed). The sperm concentration, motility, progressive motile concentration (PMC), morphology, DNA damage and protamine deficiency of before and after preparation were compared by paired t-test with significance at P \< 0.05.The mean percentage of sperm motility, PMC, rapid motility and normal morphology were significantly increased where the mean percentage of slow motility, sperm head defect, sperm concentration and protamine deficiency were significantly decreased after preparation with all 3 media. The DNA damaged sperm was significantly decreased in the post-washed with PureSperm® and Sil-Select Plus™ but significantly increased with SpermGrad™.From the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that PureSperm® may be suitable for both IUI and IVF techniques, since it yielded the best motile sperm and it may be also good for ICSI because it gave low percentage of DNA damaged sperm. Sil-Select Plus™ is probably best for ICSI since it gave lowest percentage of DNA damage sperm, whereas SpermGrad™ had highest percentage of DNA damage, thus, it is surely not suitable for ICSI procedure. Anyhow, SpermGrad™ may be moderately good for IUI since it had high percentage of motility and of normal morphology with lowest percentage of head defect but percentage of abnormal embryo may be increased.

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