Khon Kaen University Dental Journal
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Item The adhesion between dental porcelain and titanium coated with silica using the sol-gel dip coating technique(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Pratya LoontaThe oxidation characteristic of titanium is considered to be the main problem in bonding it todental porcelain because of the excessive oxidation layer occurred at the stage of titanium preparationand porcelainfi ring. The previous study showed that coating titanium surface with some materialscould control the titanium oxide formation at elevated temperatures and generate a new adherent oxidelayer. This study was conducted to determine the adhesion between dental porcelain and titaniumcoated with silica using the sol-gel dip coating technique. Thirty titanium-porcelain specimens werefabricated for four-point bending test and divided into three groups, ten specimens for each group fordifferent preparation conditions. The specimens were prepared under argon rich atmosphere. A notchwas made on the porcelain side and a pre-crack was created at titanium-porcelain interface. Thepre-cracked specimens were subjected to four-point bending test on the universal testing machine.The interfacial fracture toughness was determined in terms of strain energy release rate (G value).The results showed that the adhesion between porcelain and titanium of the group that titanium wascoated with silica combined with VITA Titankeramik bonder application and the group that titaniumwas applied with VITA Titankeramik bonder are signifi cantly higher than that of the group that titaniumwas coated with silica only (p \< 0.001).Key words : Adhesion / Titanium / Porcelain / Strain energy release rate (G value) / Sol-gel dipcoating techniqueItem An assessment of fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with resin composite(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) danai YodsuwanThis study was to compare fracture resistance and fracture pattern of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with hybrid, nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites in MOD cavity preparation. Ninety-six sound maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 24 samples each : the intact teeth, the endodontically treated premolars restored with hybrid, nanofilled and nanohybrid \ resin composite groups respectively. The samples were thermocycled in the condition of 5 ○c and 55 ○c for 500 cycles (60 seconds per cycle). The resistance to fracture, under continuous compressive force at speed of 5 mm/minute, was applied by a universal testing machine until complete fracture. The means of forces in each groups was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The result showed that the fracture resistance of intact group (1348.80 + 332.70 N.) was significantly different from the endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with hybrid (1015.19+ 250.21 N), nanofilled (1068.13 + 308.9 N.) and nanohybrid (1054.66 + 219.06 N.) resin composite groups (p-value \< 0.001). While the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with 3 resin composites were not statistically significantly different (p-value \> 0.05). The most fracture of all groups occurred at lingual cusp (93 of 96), at the conjunction between dentine and resin composite restoration (65 of 72) and at the same level and below of cementoenamel junction.Item Bacterial reduction compared betweeninstrumentation with K3TM rotary file andstainless steel K-file(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pattama ChailertvanitkulThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in teeth instrumented either with K3 rotary files or stainless steel hand K files. One hundred and ninety-one extracted human single-rooted teeth were cut to obtain the root length of 15 millimeters. These roots were coated with 2 layers of nail varnish, sterilized and allocated into 2 experimental groups (187 teeth), the positive control group (2 teeth) and the negative control group (2 teeth). Roots in the experimental groups and the positive control group were inoculated with E. faecalis in Todd–Hewitt broth at concentration 0.5 McFarland for 14 days. Two roots in the negative control group were not inoculated. In the experimental groups, ninety-two canals were instrumented using K3 rotary files with crown-down technique and ninety-five canals were instrumented using stainless steel hand K files with step-back technique until the master apical file was sized 30. Two roots in the positive control group were not instrumented. After instrumentation, each canal was dried, filled with 10 microliters of Todd–Hewitt broth and kept in 37OC for 24 hours under 100% humidity. The content in each canal was soaked up with a sterile paper point, transferred into Todd-Hewitt broth and incubated at 37OC for 24 hours. The presence of micro-organisms was evaluated by the turbidity of the broth. If the broth was turbid, aliquots of 25 microliters were spread onto a blood agar plate and incubated at 37OC for 24 hours. Characteristic colonies of E. faecalis on plates were observed and confirmed by inoculation in bile esculin agar and 6.5% sodium chloride solution. The colony of E. faecalis changed bile esculin agar into black color and the sodium chloride solution became turbid. The results showed that K3 files reduced E. faecalis 64.13% (95%CI: 53.45%-73.86%) of the tested teeth whilst K-files reduced E. faecalis 62.1% (95%CI: 51.57%-71.86%) of the tested teeth. There was no statistically significantly difference in the ability to reduce E. faecalis between the two instrumentation techniques (Chi-square test, p \> 0.05). Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis / Rotary instrumentItem Case study of an instructional design for seminar in oral and maxillofacial surgery, postgraduate program 2006, faculty of dentistry, Khon Kaen Univerisity(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Sajee SattayutThis study aimed to develop the instructional design for postgraduate students in seminar courses in oral and maxillofacial surgery I and II covering academic skills on reading, analyzing and searching related literatures, presenting, discussing and synthesizing the literature- data for application and writing academic article in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The instructional design based on co-operative and project based learning concepts was developed. The teaching techniques comprised deduction, induction, small group discussion and self-study. The courses were implemented to 5 postgraduate students enrolling into seminar in oral and maxillofacial surgery I and II in the first semester (1 hour/week) and the second semester (2 hours/week) in 2006, respectively. The formative evaluation with authentic assessment was undertaken. The results of this design were evaluated from the academic grading, descriptive data from the in depth interview of the students by the researcher not in the teaching team and the numbers of academic papers published by the students in 2 years after graduated. The outcome of the courses included 4 academic articles from 4 students and 1 research proposal from 1 student. From the in depth interview showed that the students appreciated the co-operative and project based learning enhancing their confidence and ability of searching and synthesizing the literatures and writing academic article or research proposal in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Two students were graded into very good to excellent levels while the other 3 students were in the excellent level. For 2 years after graduation, there have been 2 review literatures and 1 research article, from 3 former students, published in the national dental journals. In conclusion, the instructional design based on co-operative and project based learnings can develop the skills of searching, synthesizing the literatures and writing the academic articles in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Item A comparative study of surface characteristics between hydrogen peroxide etching and airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion on fiber post(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pitpern ChanatepapornThis study was to compare the effect of different surface treatment of fiber posts with different hydrogen peroxide concentration with various duration and airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion on the morphological aspects of fiber post surface. Eight fiber posts (Aestheti-Plus; RTD, St. Egreve, France ) were divided into eight groups (one post per group). Group 1 no treatment (control); group 2,3,4 were etching with 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; group 5,6,7 were etching with 50% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; and group 8 were airborne abraded with aluminium oxide particle for 10 seconds. After surface treatment fiber posts were examined with scaning electron microscope to study the surface characteristics. Fiber posts which were treated with 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes and 50% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute and 5 minutes were comparable in their efficacy to modify the fiber post surfaces. All fiber posts showed rough surfaces along the entire post length, but the underlying epoxy resin remained intact and exhibited no signs of cracking or damage. The exposed quartz fibers were not damaged or fractured by the oxidative reaction of hydrogen peroxide. However, the fiber post surface that were treated with 50% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes or airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion showed severe damage of the underlying epoxy resin and cracking of quartz fiber.Item Comparison of surface hardness, surface roughness and debris retention of dentoform tooth and replacement materials(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Duangduan ChamchongThe objective of this study was to compare surface hardness, surface roughness and debris retention of dentoform tooth with alternative materials. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 15/group): dentoform tooth, 50% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (50%Al) , group3 = 60% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (60%Al), 70% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (70%Al) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The vickers hardness was measured by using digital microhardness tester. Surface roughness of each cut surface was measured by using contact stylus tracing profilometer. Areas of debris retention on each cutting bur were investigated under stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA revealed the highest vickers hardness (57.04 VHN) the lowest surface roughness value (3.98 µm) and the lowest debris retention (0.064 mm2) in dentoform group when compared to other groups with a statistically significant difference (pItem Dedifferentiation(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Teerasak DamrongrungruangBesides ethical issues, the undesired effects such as carcinogenesis are the possible problems derived from using human embryonic stem cell (ES cell). Thus to avoid the above drawbacks in tissue substitution including teeth and oral tissues on tissue engineering principle, the technique so called dedifferentiation was introduced. Adult somatic cells especially fibroblastic cells are subjected to transforming into embryonic-like stem cells by four crucial factors which are c-myc, oct3/4, sox-2 and klf-4. Such dedifferentiated cells have properties quite similar to embryonic stem cells which in possessing the capability to differentiate into many types of cells. This method could decrease the risk of utilizing embryonic stem cells and reduce the cost of stem cell therapy in the future; and may be one of the effective methods to substitute lost dental tissues Key word dedifferentiation, adult stem cellsItem Dental Treatment for Pediatric Patient with Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Kanokkan PungpimaiIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the condition caused by disorders of the immunesystem mechanisms. Platelets are marked as foreign body by the immune system and eliminatedin the spleen, resulting in decreased of platelet count. ITP presents with spontaneous bleeding thatappear on the skin or other organ included the development of petechiae and ecchymosis. Oralmanifestations included petechiae of palate, tongue or gingival bleeding.Hemostasis condition must be considered for dental treatment in ITP patients. Accurate historytaking, physical examination and consulting with hematologist in addition to make a proper treatmentplanning should be performed.A 5 years 9 months girl was diagnosed with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura withsevere early childhood caries undergoing full mouth oral rehabilitation with parental consent undergeneral anesthesia. The result of treatment was very satisfi ed.Key words: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura / Dental treatment.Item Diabets mellitus and oral health(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Watcharaporn SensonDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is not completely curable and its prevalencehas been increasing. The purpose of disease management is to keep blood sugar levels as closeto normal as possible to prevent disease complications. Acute and chronic medical complications ofdiabetes mellitus include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, compromisedimmune system, retinopathy, nephropathy and oral health. Evidence from research studieshas indicated that diabetes mellitus was associated with oral diseases and tooth loss. Prevalenceand severity of oral complications may be related to metabolic control, type of diabetes mellitus andbehavior of patients. Therefore, preventing oral complications is important to help improve quality oflife and oral health care and to decrease tooth loss. This article reviews diabetes associated withmedical and oral health complications including gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidiasis, and toothloss in patient with diabetes mellitus Keyword : Diabetes mellitus/ Complications of diabetes mellitus/ Oral disease/ Tooth loss.Item Effect of dilution of 5% vinegar on Candida albicans(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Danai YodsuwanThe study of effect of dilution of 5% vinegar and soaking time to reduction of the colony-formings of Candidia albicans was done. One hundred and eighty heat cured acrylic plates size of 2 mm x 7 mm x 2 mm (N=180) were contaminated with Candidia albicans. The samples were separated into 10 set of 18. Nine plates of each set were soaked separately in 9 test groups, distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 5% vinegar, 5% vinegar diluted with distilled water 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 for 1 minute and the other nine for 3 minutes. The grossly adherent cells of Candidia albicans on the samples were removed by phosphate buffer saline solution. Then the samples were vibrated in phosphate buffer saline solution for 1 minute. These phosphate buffer saline solutions were diluted and then incubated on Sabouraud agar at 37° C for 48 hours. The colonies were counted and statistic analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA. The result showed that 5% vinegar and 1:1-1:6 dilutions of vinegar reduced colony-forming units of Candidia albicans more than distilled water significantly (P-valueItem Effect of filter water, 0.9% sterile normal saline solution and deionized water on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Angkana KlangthongThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different irrigation solutions on the shear bond\ strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel. Thirty extracted human-premolar teeth were selected and stored\ in thymol solution 0.01% weight/volume until the experiment was undertaken. Subsequently all samples were embedded\ in autopolymerizing acrylic resin with the buccal surface exposure. All specimens were divided randomly into\ three groups according to irrigation solutions; filter water, 0.9% sterile normal saline and deionized water. The\ enamel surface of all specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed with the assigned irrigation solution,\ dried to a chalky white appearance. Then the UniteTM adhesive primer was applied and gentlely dried. Brackets were\ bonded with self cure adhesive paste (3M-Unitekา) and loaded pressure with Dontrixา at 300 N with forces. The\ specimens were undertaken thermocycling for 24 hours with 500 cycles of 5 oC and 55 oC in controlled humidity\ chamber. The specimens were loaded by the universal testing machine at speed 1 mm/min, Load cell 30 KN, Load axis\ 400 N. The failure loads were recorded in Megapascal. The results showed that the median shear bond strengths for\ the groups irrigation with filter water, 0.9% normal saline and deionized water were 12.91 Mpa (percentile 25, 75 =\ 12.03, 14.21) , 14.51 Mpa (percentile 25, 75 = 12.50, 17.18) and 14.51 MPa (percentile 25, 75 = 12.01, 16.53),\ respectively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test results P= 0.231. The conclusion was no significant\ differences in the shear bond strengh between the three irrigation solutions.Item Endodontic Treatment in Taurodontism:(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Swaros YuyuenTaurodontism can be defi ned as a change in tooth shape caused by the failure of Hertwig’sepithelial root sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. Taurodontic teeth have large pulpchambers and apically positioned furcation area along with absence of cervical constriction at the CEJ.Endodontic treatment of a taurodontic tooth is challenging, because it requires special managements inhandling and identifying the number of root canals, including access opening, mechanical instrumentationand root canal obturation. This case report presents root canal treatment of a mesotaurodonticmandibular leftfi rst molar with four root canals. A long term follow up of 18 years showed that thetooth functions normal without any symptoms.Keywords : Taurodontism, Endodontic treatmentItem Immediate Loading Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdenture on mini-implant : a Case Report(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Ungkana LeethochawalitMost edentulous patients who wear complete dentures have problems of easily dislodgement of lower dentures caused by poor retention, instability owing to severe resorption of alveolar ridge leading to poor masticatory ability and function of dentures. Immediate loaded implant-retained mandibular overdenture can improve the retention and stability of lower complete dentures, these patients will be able to use their complete denture with full efficiently. The purpose of this article was to provide an alternative treatment in patients with complete lower dentures fabricating of the complete denture to dentists. This case report demonstrated the utilization of immediate loaded implant-retained mandibular overdenture. Two reduced size single stage dental implants with ball attachments were placed in the anterior parts of the mandible the matrices were fixed at the tissue side of the denture base. The denture was immediately fixed to the implant ball abutments. The patient could use his old denture in full function after the operation. 6 months follow up showed good stability of both implants and denture. The technique rendered simple and cost effective with good success leading to high patient’s acceptanceItem Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor : Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Management. A Case Report(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Saranya SuksuphewAn impacted maxillary permanent incisor can pose a problem for children at an early age. This impacted incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delayed eruption. In this article, the impacted permanent incisor was placed into the proper position by means of surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. The treatment resulted in a clinically ideal appearance. Keywords : Impacted maxillary permanent incisor, Orthodontic tractionItem Knowledge and attitude of dental students towards student-centered learning at the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Kultida RugseelkuntThis research aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards student-centered learning(SCL) among dental students enrolled in the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University during thefi rsttrimester of Academic Year 2005. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach’salpha=0.97) and presented with descriptive statistics. Two hundred and eighty-eight students (96.6%)responded to the questionnaire. The majority of students (47.9%) had a moderate level of knowledgeon SCL (scored between 9 and 12 out of 16) with an average of 11.9 (standard deviation=2.1).Females had higher knowledge scores than male counterpart. Students with better cumulative gradepoint average (GPAX) scored higher than did those with lower GPAX. Most students (81.3%) agreedthat SCL was a useful or somewhat useful teaching-learning method, but only 42.7 percent indicatedto like the approach. Moreover, a majority of 72.6% responded that SCL was not an appropriatemethod to use in the Faculty. Direct instruction was the most favorite teaching-learning method forthe majority of students (38.1%), while the lecture method was considered the best to help studentsin understanding the lessons (37.7%). In conclusion, dental students had satisfactory knowledge ofSCL, while the attitudes were somewhat mixed. Students also preferred a teacher-centered learningwith students playing a minor role in the educational process. Students and teachers should thereforework together to develop educational methods that effectively help them to achieve academic goalsand satisfying learning experience.Key words: dental students / knowledge / attitude / student-centered learning / lectureItem The Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization : A Case Report(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Onauma AngwaravongMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical features of enamel hypomineralizationof one or morefi rst permanent molars that are frequently associated with affected incisors. Theprevalence of MIH varies among different studied population. The etiology of MIH remains unclear.Usually, patients and parents concern related to MIH include sensitivity, pain and esthetics. Thesedefects of the enamel varied from altered color to surface changes with rough, abraded or disintegratedenamel. The management of MIH depends on the severity of the enamel defect. The purpose of thisarticle is to describe prevalence, etiologic factors, features, diagnosis, dental management in MIH, aswell as report a case of MIH with dental caries.Key words: Enamel hypomineralization; Molar-Incisor HypomineralizationItem Oral health and its impact on quality of life of the elderly(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Kanitha ChaiprakarnNumber of elderly people in Thailand is increasing very rapidly. It is expected that Thailand will be soon facing an era of “aging population”. Old age is the period of obvious change in both the physical and mental capacities which results in many inevitable health problems. Old people usually are subject to various illnesses and diseases both communicable and non-communicable. Oral health is an essential component of health associated with physical, mental, social and quality of life. The oral health problems found in Thai elderly include periodontal diseases , dental caries, in particular root caries, and tooth loss. This article reviews definition of ageing and the situation of Thai aging population, the oral health problems in Thai elderly, factors influencing elderly oral health , affected quality of life and oral health related quality of life index. Key words: aging, oral health, quality of life, ThailandItem Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures.(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pattama Chailertvanitkul-Item Pediatric Dental Treatment for Adams-Oliver Syndrome : A case report Authors(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Khemporn KitsahawongAdams-Oliver Syndrome is a rare disease that consists of congenital defects of skull, scalp, skin, hair, eye, limbs, blood vessel, septo-valvular heart disease, mental retardation, cleft lip and palate. All of these provide various psychological problems to the parents and their families with psycho-social problems to the patients. Multidisciplinary approaches are necessarily to solve all of these complicated problems at each appropriate time. So as the pediatric dentists who play an important roles to provide comprehensive dental treatments and preventive oral health care for the patients and their parents. Key words: Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Dental treatment.Item Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in pretreatment orthodontic Thai patients(Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Suwadee KositbowornchaiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies, includingother pathologicfi ndings in the pre-treatment records of Thai orthodontic patients at the Faculty ofDentistry, Khon Kaen University. Two observers retrospectively examined 570 panoramic radiographs,study models and pre-orthodontic records. Dental anomalies were recorded using panoramicradiographs and study models. The prevalence and distribution of the anomalies were assessed andreported as descriptive statistics. Patients were between 12 and 40 years of age(mean 19.38+4.23).Persons between 16 and 20 years of age comprised the most common age group (51.1%) requiringfor orthodontic treatment. The patient types included: class I (25.3%), II (27.4%), III (13.2%) andsuperclass I (34.0%). Crowding and spacing were found in 89.6% and 73.2% of patients, respectively.It was found that 38.6% of patients had at least one dental anomaly: hypodontia being the mostcommon (26.1%), followed by microdontia (13.7%), root shape abnormality (3.4%), hyperdontia (2.7%),transposition (1.6%), macrodontia (1.4%) and fusion 0.7%. In conclusion, the developmental dentalanomalies found in Thai orthodontic patients were comparable with other research.