Thai Cancer Journal
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Item Histopathologic Correlation of ASC-US and ASC-H(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Jidapa ThammasiriThis descriptive study was designed to study the histopathologic correlation of atypical squamous cell in cervical smear at the National Cancer Institute from October 1,2005 to September 30,2007. Sixty-three cases of ASC-US were performed colposcopic biopsy and/or LEEP. The histologic diagnosis revealed low grade lesion or LSIL in 11 cases (17.4%), high grade lesion (HSIL or worse) 16 cases (25.4%), atypical squamous metaplasia 1 case (1.6%), and inflammation 35 cases (55.6%). In the category of ASC-H, 105 cases were performed colposcopy, which the histologic diagnosis revealed low grade lesion or CIN 1 in 21 cases (20 %), high grade lesion (CIN 2 or worse) 45 cases (42.9%), atypical squamous metaplasia 7 cases (6.7 %), and inflammation 32 cases (30.5 %). Cases classified as ASC-H are associated with a significant risk of high grade lesion than ASC-US category. However, this study assumed that patients with atypical squamous cell either ASC-US or ASC-H according to the 2001 Bethesda System classification should receive the proper management since they have an increase risk of underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and rarely carcinoma.Item Quantitative Detection of Plasma Cell-free Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients by Real-time PCR(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Somjin Chindavijak; Danai Tiwawech; Ekapob SangariyavanichNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is obviously a serious cancer in southern China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia including Thailand. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic virus that is strongly associated with NPC development. Recently, plasma cell-free EBV DNA levels detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (R-PCR) have been reported to be a useful marker for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of NPC patients. The objectives of this study are to measure the amount of plasma cell-free EBV DNA in NPC patients and healthy controls by using the R-PCR and to determine the relationship between plasma cell-free EBV DNA levels and NPC status in Thai population. The concentrations of plasma cell-free EBV DNA of 60 NPC patients and 60 healthy controls were determined by using the R-PCR assay with the LightCycler® EBV quantification kit. Plasma cell-free EBV DNA levels in NPC patients [4679.88 ± 1381.99 copies/ml (mean ± standard error, SE)] were significantly higher than healthy controls (3.93 ± 2.32 copies/ml) (p \< 0.001). The median concentration of EBV DNA in NPC and healthy control groups was 1135.00 and 0.00 copies/ml, respectively. The cutoff value of plasma cell-free EBV DNA in Thais is 50 copies/ml (mean+2standard deviation, SD). Fifty-nine NPC patients (98%) and 3 healthy controls (5%) had plasma cell-free EBV DNA levels over the cutoff value (50 copies/ml). However, there were no significant differences between the levels of plasma cell-free EBV DNA and histological types, and TNM staging of NPC. The results of this study suggest that plasma cell-free EBV DNA may be a useful molecular marker for diagnosis of EBV-associated NPC in Thailand. Further investigation on the relationship of plasma cell-free EBV DNA levels and the clinical outcome needs to be explored.Item Item The Development of Cervical Cancer Screening Model in Talukdoo Community Medical Unit, Uthaithani Province(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Wasin Potipruk; Yuwadee UmpinCervical cancer is a curable disease which can be detected at an early stage. It is important to promote cervical cancer screening in high risk women, eventhough data of screening services in Talukdoo Community Medical Unit can not reach the goal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate of cervical cancer. This action research was initiated in order to develop the cervical cancer screening model. It was set up for 9 months from December 2006 to August 2007. The target groups were high risk women aged 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 years old and lived in village 1, 3, 4 , 6 ,7 ,8 and 9 of Talukdoo, Thapthan District, Uthaithani. The process of this study consisted of 3 steps: 1) conducting group meeting to identify screening problems applying Appreciation Influence Control technique (AIC), 2) developing cervical cancer screening model, and 3) evaluation. Qualitative data were analyzed by using data description and quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The result suggested that the model of effective cervical cancer screening was composed of the cooperation of multidisciplinary health care providers, coordination of health team and community, classification of target group levels and utilizing different techniques to invite them for cervical cancer screening services, role model learning, facilitation of service accessibility and home visit. At the end of this study, there were 106 from 107 women (99%) participated in cervical cancer screening services.Item Study of Hematological Effects from Using Oxaliplatin in Combination with Other Anticancer Drugs in In-patients with Colorectal Cancer of the National Cancer Institute of Thailand(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Napaporn Udomphol; Penporn RachintongThe aim of this study was to investigate hematological effects of Oxaliplatin use in combination with other anticancer drugs on in-patients with colorectal cancer at the National Cancer Institute, Thailand. A retrospective data collection method was used from 35 patients (25 males, 10 females) first receiving Oxaliplatin treatment in combination with other anticancer drugs during the period of January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005 until the end of the treatment course. When treated with Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy protocol, 28 patients (80%), had grade 1-4 hematological effects with dominating toxicity effects in Leukocytes/White blood cells (WBC) (85.71%) followed by hemoglobin (71.43%), Neutrophils/Absolute Neutrophils (ANC) and platelets (50%). In addition, the findings showed 12 patients, (34.28%), having grade 3-4 hematological effects with dominating toxicity effects in ANC (91.67%) followed by WBC (25%) and platelets (8.33 %). When grade 3-4 hematological effects occurred, the physician delayed the treatment cycles in 11 patients and stopped the treatment in one patient. Our findings demonstrated that information and counseling on the risk of undesirable effects from oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy treatment should be provided to patients with colorectal cancer considering such treatment.Item Detection of p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism in patients with oral cancer(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Danai Tiwawech; Somjin Chindavijak; Anant Karalak; Takafumi IshidaOral cancer is a serious malignant disease that caused vastly losses in Thailand annum. The potential risk factor for predicting and screening of high-risk populations that developed early stage oral cancer followed by immediately intensive counseling and efficiency treatment is an important strategy to control this harmful cancer. To address on the genetic risk factor for oral cancer was investigated. The association between the p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism and oral cancer susceptibility in Thai people. The frequency of p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism (Arginine/Arginine, Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes) in 80 oral cancer patients, 80 chronic oral disease patients and 80 age-matched healthy controls was determined by using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Statistically significant difference in the overall genotype frequencies between cases and controls comprising chronic oral disease patients and healthy controls was observed (p \< 0.05). Proline/Proline genotype carriers had 2.8-fold increased risk for oral cancer as compared with Arginine/Arginine genotype carriers (Odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-4.7). Among oral cancer patients, statistical significant difference in p53 genotype frequencies between clinical stages was also observed. The results in this study suggest that the p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism may associate with oral cancer susceptibility in Thai population, particularly the Proline/Proline genotype carrier. The suggestion is that the detection of p53 polymorphism may be a useful tool for screening of the high-risk group as well as prognosis of oral cancer in Thai people.Item บทบรรณาธิการ(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) . .Item Toxicological Review of Benzene: Cancer Aspect(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Suleeporn SangrajangBenzene is an organic solvent that has been used in industry for about 100 years throughout the world. It widely used as an industrial solvent, as an intermediate in chemical syntheses, and as a component of gasoline; hence, the potential for human exposure is great. The main sources of environment exposure to benzene are road traffic exhaust and volatile organic compounds. Inhalation exposure is the major route of exposure to benzene, although oral and dermal routes are also important. Exposure to benzene can result in haematotoxicity, immunitoxicity and carcinogenicity in humans and animals. Acute benzene poisoning affects the central nervous system with symptoms such as dizziness, headache, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, and incoherent speech. Chronic benzene poisoning, a more common industrial form, is an exposure to a low level of benzene over an extended period of time. The critical human health effects from long term exposure to benzene are bone marrow depression and leukemia, specifically acute myeloid leukemia (AML.) Benzene classified as a human carcinogen. It is considered to be a genotoxic carcinogen for which no safe level of exposure can be recommended. The link between exposure to benzene and other cancer such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, bladder, stomach and lung have also been suggested. In this review, we summarize the impact on human health of benzene exposure, particularly that related to cancer.Item การจัดทำทะเบียนมะเร็งประชากรในประเทศไทย(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) . .Item Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on the Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Thailand(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Aree Prasitthipayong; Patcharin Homcha-em; Pattarapong Pornsopone; Somnuk Temiyasathit; Chaiyaporn Kunka; Tawin Klinvimol; Rungsinoppadol Thotong; Chatchai Ekpanyaskul; Suleepron SangrajrangAlthough a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients had been reported, subsequent epidemiological studies conducted to examine a casual association between HCV and NHL have provided inconsistent results across studies. The risk of lymphoma associated with the detection of HCV infection was estimated. Two hundred and sixty nine cases with histopathologically confirmed NHL and 334 controls were included during 2006-2007 in 4 cancer centers in Thailand. All participants underwent a personal interview and blood sampling. Unconditional logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NHL associated with HCV. HCV infection were detected in 6/269 (2.2%) among cases and in 6/334 (1.8%) among control subjects. HCV infection showed no association with NHL, OR=1.22 (95% CI=0.38-3.94).In conclusion, no direct correlation can be deduced between NHL and HCV infection in our study.Item Plant-Derived Phenolic Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Yuttana SudjaroenOxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology associated with cancer and atherosclerosis. The ROS-induced development of cancer involves malignant transformation due to altered gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms as well as DNA mutations. The phenolic antioxidants play an important role in the chemoprevention of diseases especially cancer by reduced excess ROS. This article reviews the classification of major phenolic compound such as, phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the role of phenolic compound in cancer prevention. Future studies are not only elucidated mechanism related to direct antioxidant of phenolic compounds, but also to their ability to bind cellular receptors and transporters and influence gene expression, cell signaling, and cell adhesion.Item Association of GSTO2 Polymorphism and Survival for Colorectal Cancer(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Sunanta Chariyalertsak; Wichi Purisa; Nareerat Petpiroon; Tanett PongtheeratSince reports on GSTO2 polymorphism are still limited, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate an association of genetic polymorphism of GSTO2 and survival for colorectal cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal cancerous tissues from 26 patients who were continuously followed-up, were used to extract DNA and the gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our findings revealed that the patients carried wild-type GSTO2 gene (N142/N142) had poorer survival rate, when compared with those carried variant GSTO2 gene (adjusted hazard ration, 14.02, P=0.08). No association of GSTO2 genotypes with overall survival was noted (P=0.142). However, this study is only a preliminary report of which the number of cases is small. Further study in a larger population is required to achieve high statistical power and consequently clarify this finding.Item ลักษณะของยีน Glutathione S-transferase กับการเกิดโรคมะเร็ง(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) ธเนศ พงศ์ธีรัตน์Abstract not availableItem Thawing of Fresh Frozen Plasma with a Microwave Oven : a Choice for Patients at The National Cancer Institute(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Suphol Daroonchu; Suparat Prawannay; Yaninee JarratwisarutpornA microwave oven (MWO) was used to thaw fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in this study by using a programmable timer for setting the interval period of heating. Finding out the optimal interval time for completely thawing of FFP is needed. Therefore, the time at on and off of the microwave controlled by the timer was fixed at 5, 0, 15, 20 and 25 seconds alternately. In the experiment, the MWO was switch to the highest time, and water was used as the medium instead of air. The heating time for thawing FFP was recorded and temperature of the water, closed to the plasma bag was measured when FFP was thawed completely. From the study, the optimal time was observed as the MWO was set at 10/10 seconds (on 10 seconds and off 10 seconds). The mean time used with microwave was 12.86 minutes while using with water bath was 18.65 minutes. The mean temperature were 37.95°C and 37.07°C respectively. In addition, no changes of the coagulation factors in the plasma heating with the two devices were found. Therefore, plasma heating with a microwave device is another choice to use.Item A Model Study of Determination of Proper Blood Supply for the National Cancer Institute(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Suphol Daroonchu; Suparat Prawannay; Nualchan DuangphoommesA total use of blood components for each ABO blood type over a period of one year, between October 2006 and September 2007 was determined to establish the level of adequate blood supply for the National Cancer Institute, which will be used as a guide for blood inventory in both shortage and excess situations. The average daily use was calculate and multiplied by seven to estimate weekly usage especially for red cell products and fresh frozen plasma. For platelets, which has only five days shelf-life is stocked to cover three-day-use. The reserved level of cryoprecipitate is based on maximum utilization per week. All products were calculated to cover emergency need with ten percent addition. From this study, we found that there were 4265 units of red cell products, 1427 units of platelets, 3119 units of fresh frozen plasma and 20 units of cryoprecipitate being prepared for transfusion. The ideal inventory levels of the blood components group A,B,O and AB, were 19,30, 32 and 9 units respectively; for red cell product, 5, 1.7, 2.6 and 0.1 units respectively; for platelets, and 15, 23 26 and 5 units respectively; for fresh frozen plasma, The inventory level for cryoprecipitate was 20 units. The information of blood products evaluation obtained from this study will provide appropriate supplies of blood products for either routine or emergency conditions in our institute. However, the ideal inventory level should be evaluated periodically, and proper adjustment is needed whenever a change is detected.Item การจัดการเมื่อเกิดการรั่วไหลของยาเคมีบำบัดออกนอกเส้นเลือด(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) สุจิรา ฟุ้งเฟื่องAbstract in ThaiItem Detection of P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism in Lung Cancer High-Risk Subjects in Lampang Province(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Surathat Pongnikorn; Danai Tiwawech; Supumas Laingoen; Duriya Fongmoon; Wichit SuwanThe P53 tumor suppressor gene (P53) encodes for P53 protein to inhibit cell proliferation and induceapoptosis of cancer cell. P53 is one of the most commonly mutated genes (somatic mutation) in all types of human cancer. Actually, the P53 exhibits germ-line mutation or polymorphism at the codon 72 on the 4th exon, which produces 2 different proteins (variants) with an arginine amino acid (Arg, CGC: wild type) or proline amino acid (Pro, CCC: mutant type). In general, there are 3 genotypes of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism: Arg/Arg (A/A), Arg/Pro (A/P) and Pro/Pro (P/P) genotypes. It has been reported that P53 variant with an Arg induced cell death more effectively than those with the Pro. Individuals with P/P genotype have been reported to be at higher risk for lung cancer compared to those with A/A genotype. It is suggested that P/P genotype of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism is the risk genotype. Therefore, it may be used as a genetic risk marker for lung cancer in Thai population. The purpose of the present study is to detect the frequency of individuals with P/P genotype of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism in 850 healthy subjects in Lampang province by detecting A/A, A/P and P/P genotypes of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Simple Probe Probe assay. The frequencies of individuals with A/A, A/P and P/P genotypes of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism were 23.1% (196/850), 52.7% (448/580) and 24.2% (206/850), respectively. The allele frequencies of Arg and Pro were 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. Among all subjects, there were 559 males and 291 females. The frequencies of A/A, A/P and P/P genotypes of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism in males were 22.5% (126/559), 55.5% (310/559) and 22.0% (123/559), respectively, whereas in females were 24.1% (70/291), 47.4% (138/291) and 28.5% (83/291), respectively. When all subjects were divided into 2 groups of 586 smokers and 264 non smokers with the occupational high-risk, the frequencies of A/A, A/P and P/P genotypes of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism in smokers were 23.2% (136/586), 53.6% (314/586) and 23.2% (136/586), whereas in non smokers, but with the occupational high-risk, there were 22.7% (60/264), 50.8% (134/264) and 26.5% (70/264), respectively. Among all subjects, there were no significant differences of the frequency of P53 codon 72 polymorphisms between males and females and between smokers and non-smokers who work in the high-risk factory. However, females seem to have a higher frequency of P/P genotype than males. In addition, no significant difference of the frequency of P53 codon 72 polymorphisms was observed between males and females in smokers group. On the other hand, there were significant differences of the frequency of P53 codon 72 polymorphisms between males and females in the non-smoker group who work in the high-risk factory and females had higher frequency of P/P genotype than males. The results of this study showed that the frequency of individuals with P/P genotype of the P53 codon 72 polymorphism in healthy subjects in Lampang province was higher than in Bangkok from the previous study and females had tendency to have higher frequency of P/P genotype than males. Further study on the intensive follow-up, counseling and surveillance in these P/P genotype carriers for prevention and early detection of lung cancer is needed.Item Detection of GSTT1 Polymorphisms in Cancer Patients by Real-Time PCR(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Danai Tiwawech; Somjin Chindavijak; Adisak Sornprom; Wutthi Sumetchotimaytha; Aree Prasitthipayong; Yaninee Jarratwisarutporn; Takufumi IshidaCancer is a huge public health problem in Thailand. Glutathione S-transferase T1 gene (GSTT1) plays a crucial role in prevention of cancer by encoding GSTT1 enzyme to detoxify the electrophiles form of carcinogens. GSTT1 polymorphism has been reported to be associated with several malignancies and able to be used as a potential genetic risk marker for cancer. However, GSTT1 polymorphism detection using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (C-PCR) assay is not suitable for a mass screening since it is time consuming and not for safe since it uses a carcinogen in the post PCR. To date, real-time PCR (R-PCR) assay has been proposed as a quicker and safer method to solve these problems. This study aims to establish the R-PCR assay by using SYBR green I fluorescence and melting curve analysis for GSTT1 polymorphism detection in cancer patients by confirming the results of this assay with the results of the C-PCR assay. Two-hundred DNA samples, extracted from peripheral blood leukocyte of Thai patients with cancers of nasopharynx, lung, breast, colon and liver (40 cases in each group) were examined for GSTT1 polymorphism, GSTT1 normal genotype (GSTT1+) and GSTT1 null genotype (GSTT1-) by using the R-PCR assay with SYBR green I and melting curve analysis and the C-PCR assay. The results of GSTT1 polymorphism detection by the R-PCR assay were in concordance with the C-PCR assay (Kappa value, K=1.0). One hundred-forty-one individuals with GSTT1+ in the R-PCR assay showed 2 peaks of melting point at 91.0°C and 88.5°C that correlated with the appearance of 2 DNA bands of GSTT1 [480 base pair (bp)] and β-globulin (268 bp) in the C-PCR assay, respectively. By contrast, fifty-nine individuals with GSTT1- in the R-PCR assay showed a peak of melting point at 88.5°C that associated with the appearance of 1 DNA band of β-globulin (268 bp) in the C-PCR assay. In addition, it has been found that the R-PCR assay was a faster method for GSTT1 polymorphism detection than the C-PCR assay. The present study suggests that the R-PCR with SYBR Green I and melting curve analysis may be a useful screening tool for more convenient, rapid, reliable and safer detection of GSTT1 polymorphism in patients with cancer as compared to the C-PCR assay.Item Association Between GSTO1 Polymorphism and Clinicopathological Features of Patients with Breast Caner(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Wichai Purisa; Sunanta Chariyalertsak; Suleeporn SangrajrangTo our knowledge, only two reports concerning association between GSTO1 polymorphism and breast cancer risk have been revealed, but no association between GSTO1 polymorphism and clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer have previously been reported. Therefore, in this study, the association of GSTO1 genotypes with a number of clinical parameter was investigated in 101 patients with breast cancer diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute. DNA extracted from buffy coats of the cases was used to determine the genotypes by polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism. Our findings revealed that wild-type GSTO1 gene (A140/A140) significantly correlated with advanced-stage breast cancer (P=0.008). Form the literature, GSTO1 appears to be involved in drug and xenobiotic metabolism, it would be of great interest to investigate further whether resistance to radiation or chemotherapy occurs in carriers of wild-type GSTO1 gene, particularly those with advanced-stage breast cancer. Elucidating this relationship should lead to the improved clinical management of these patients.Item การตรวจคัดกรองมะเร็งเต้านมระยะเริ่มแรกเชิงรุกในกลุ่มเสี่ยง(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) . .