International Journal of Advances in Medicine
Permanent URI for this collection
Editor-in-Chief: Dr. K.N. Shah
ISSN: 2349-3925 (Print); 2349-3933 (Online)
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.ijmedicine.com/
Browse
Browsing International Journal of Advances in Medicine by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 20 of 1151
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Anemia: a non-communicable disease, its prevalence in adult patients of Telangana region of South India; a semi-urban tertiary care teaching hospital study.(2014-05) Jatav, Rajendra Kumar; Kumbhare, Mamta B; Rao, Pekra Ragini; Reddy, Alugubelly Keerthi; Chennamaneni, RachanaAnemia is a one of the major health challenges to global development in this century and this non-communicable disease is rapidly rising in both developed and developing countries. Anemia is wide spread in India but it varies in severity from state to state and zone to zone. Poor diet, lack of sense of hygiene which lead to worm infestations, lack of health consciousness, social taboos and poor economic status all contributes to overwhelming prevalence of anemia. Our analysis suggests prevalence of anemia is very high in adult age group and especially in female patients. Chronic anemia’s have significant morbidity and mortality in untreated patients, because anemia is a sign, not a diagnosis, an evaluation is almost warranted to identify the underlying cause.Item Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: an unusual association of leptospirosis.(2014-05) Raj, Sathwik; Rao, Prakash; Gowda, Rame; Bhat, C RamachandraA 60 year old nonsmoker, non-diabetic, normotensive farmer presented with 4 days history of fever, myalgia & headache. He had relative bradycardia, eye congestion, diffuse muscle tenderness and tender hepatomegaly at presentation. He developed subconjunctival hemorrhage on 3rd in-hospital day. His investigations showed thrombocytopenia, hepatic and renal dysfunctions. His leptospira serology was positive. He was treated with injection crystalline penicillin and supportive therapy. While on treatment, even though he did not have any known cardiac risk factors, except for his age & gender, he developed 3 paroxysms of atrial fibrillation on 5th - 7th in-hospital days, without hemodynamic instability. His cardiac markers and echocardiogram during the paroxysms were otherwise normal. He had uneventful recovery, remained in sinus rhythm and stable at follow-up. This paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be a coincidence or attributed as unusual association of leptospirosis.Item Unaccustomed exertion and opiate consumption leading to acute renal failure in a healthy male.(2014-05) Gupta, Monica; Bhatia, MandipA 38 year old male presented with stupor and acute renal failure (ARF) following opium consumption and a protracted excursion on foot to a holy shrine situated at altitude of 4329 m above sea level. The finding of dark colored urine, myoglobinuria and a markedly elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase level supported the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. The patient had a rapid and complete recovery following fluid resuscitation and haemodialysis.Item Determination of phenotypic expression of the fimbriae and hemolysin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC).(2014-05) Baby, Sabitha; Karnaker, Vimal Kumar; R K, GeethaThe bacterial strains that cause symptomatic urinary tract infections possess diverse distinctive properties that enable them to overcome the local host defences. In Escherichia coli, virulence results from the cumulative impact of several virulence factors, which can vary according to the patient populations. The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of the virulence factors by phenotypic assays in the E. coli isolates which were isolated from patients with UTI from a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Methods: A total of 300 E. coli isolates were obtained from symptomatic cases of urinary tract infections and 30 E. coli faecal isolates were obtained from apparently healthy individuals and they were tested for phenotypic properties like haemolysin production, mannose resistant hemagglutination to indicate P fimbriae, cell surface hydrophobicity. Results: Among the 300 E. coli isolates from the cases group, 135 (43.5%) were hemolytic, 106 (35.5%) were MRHA positive, 123 (41%) were hydrophobic. Among the 30 controls, 2 (6%) were hemolytic, 02 (6%) were MRHA positive and 04 (10%) were hydrophobic. The difference between the cases and the control group was significant (P <0.001). Multiple virulence factors were observed in 51% of the isolates. Conclusion: The present study showed varied phenotypic expression of the virulence factors in the urinary isolates as compared to the fecal isolates.Item Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis of nasal septum: a case report.(2014-05) Ravikumar, Gayatri; Ananthamurthy, Anuradha; Kini, UshaEosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis (EAF) is an uncommon benign condition involving the sinonasal tract and rarely the larynx and orbit. Its etiology still remains unclear, although some studies have hypothesized it as a form of IgG4-related systemic disease. Histologically EAF is characterised by the presence of mixed inflammatory cells with eosinophil predominance in the early stage, followed by concentric layers of sclerosis around the small caliber vessels in the late stage. The rarity of this condition, tumor like presentation and oblivious etiology, makes it an interesting entity. We hereby report one such rare case of EAF, since the awareness of this entity is essential to make an accurate diagnosis.Item Reactive perforating collagenosis.(2014-05) Dhillon, K. S.; Fatima, Uroos; Singh, Isha; Singh, Tarunveer; Gupta, Tanu; Khan, Nawed; Varshney, Krati R; Sharma, RakheeReactive Perforating Collagenosis (RPC) is a rare disease of elimination of altered collagen through the epidermis. The disease exists in childhood form with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and an adult form acquired in association with diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), hypothyroidism, lymphoma, hyperparathyroidism, neurodermatitis, AIDS, pulmonary fibrosis, scabies and herpes zoster infection.Item Nutrition therapy in critically ill elderly patients.(2014-05) Singh, Pritam; Gupta, Monica; Lehl, S SNutrition therapy in critically ill patients is as important as curative pharmacotherapy or advanced cardiac life support. Nutrition support indeed improves the disease outcomes and must be given due importance in any therapeutic regimen. High incidence of co-existent malnutrition in elderly patients emphasizes the added value of nutrition therapy in this subgroup of patients. Enteral route of nutrition therapy is always preferred over parenteral route until and unless indicated otherwise, by virtue of being non-invasive and easy to administer. In addition it has local gut protective effects, lesser incidence of infectious morbidity and better cost-effectiveness. However, parenteral route may be the only viable option in certain clinical scenarios.Item Giant lipoma in the cervico-shoulder region.(2014-05) Jain, Amitkumar C; Viswanath, SLipomas are one of the commonest benign tumours located in the body and they can occur wherever fat is present. Majority of lipomas are small and occurs in only one anatomic region. We hereby report a rare case of giant lipoma involving the neck and the shoulder region.Item Unusually large sized bronchial cast/mucus plug after extubation leading to whole lung collapse-consolidation: a rare case report.(2014-05) Goyal, Virendra Kr; Chaudhary, Anamika; Rungta, NarendraA critically ill patient of enteric encephalopathy with tetanus was hospitalized in a tertiary care ICU and intubated, put on ventilator. Patient had a whole lung collapse-consolidation developed just after extubation and noticed on physical examination and roentgenogram. After extensive chest physiotherapy a long and thick bronchial cast was removed and chest improved markedly thereafter.Item Pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate: a cytology case report.(2014-05) Swarnagowri, BN; Sharma, Garima; Bhuyan, MadhobendraPleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of the salivary glands that has elements of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. They represent about 60% of tumors in the parotid, are less common in the submandibular glands, and are relatively rare in the minor salivary glands. In our experience, this is the first time that we have come across Pleomorphic adenoma arising in the minor salivary glands of the hard palate.Item Bipolaris: a rare etiology of ureteric mycosis with Double J stent in situ.(2014-05) Shankarappa, Banashankari G; Thirunavukkarasu, Sandeep; Kallingappa, Rudresh H; Rajan, ShikhaFungi classified under the genera Bipolaris are dematiaceous hyphomycetes which are rare sources of human diseases. The dematiaceous fungi in other words “black fungi” are so named due to the presence of dark melanin like pigment in their cell wall. Majority of the species of Bipolaris, are either soil saprobes or plant pathogens, however few species of these saprobes like Bipolaris australiensis, Bipolaris hawaiiensis & Bipolaris spicifera are potential pathogens which are capable of causing infections in both immunocompetent & immunocompromised humans. The spectrum of human infections caused by Bipolaris include cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, allergic sinusitis, keratitis, allergic broncho pulmonary diseases, orbitopathy, CNS infections, Peritonitis associated with Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, infections of implant devices & allografts. Here we report a case of ureteric infection due to Bipolaris species in a patient with Double J (DJ) stent in situ. Amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole and imidazole are common antifungals found to be effective in treating Bipolaris infections.Item Juvenile fibroadenoma: a cytology case report.(2014-05) Swarnagowri, B N; Sharma, Garima; Bhuyan, MadhobendraFibroadenomas are benign breast tumors. These tumors are commonly seen in the age group of 20-30 years. They are very rare in children. Here we are presenting a case of fibroadenoma of the breast in a 10 year old girl. These juvenile fibroadenomas constitute 4% of the fibroadenomas of the breast and comprise 0.5% of the breast tumors, in paediatric age group.Item Open access: a revolution in scientific publishing.(2014-05) Kataria, Bhaven CThe way that research is communicated is changing rapidly. The internet has made it possible, a revolutionary way of providing access to the articles published in scholarly journals. The rising cost of subscription of scholarly journals, has seriously hampered the ability of libraries, research centers, and researchers to acquire publications necessary for research and knowledge enhancement. Open access publishing provides a way for addressing this challenge by offering a very cost-effective alternative to the traditional publishing model. Before the mid-1990s, most of the journals were available only on paper and accessible by subscription. By the end of the 20th century, most journals had moved their content to online platforms. Open access (OA) in simple meaning refers to unrestricted online access to the articles published in scholarly journals. There are two distinct ways articulated in the Budapest Open Access Initiative: (1) Articles directly provided by the journal publisher (also called “gold OA”), or (2) Indirectly by author self-archiving and/or being uploaded and made freely available somewhere else on the web (also called “green OA”).1 Green open access requires the author to deposit a peer-reviewed manuscript in an institutional or central repository such as PubMed Central. Both options increase the potential readership of any article.Item Fetal isolated congenital heart block associated with maternal anti-SSA/SSB antibodies.(2014-05) Kamath, Vidyashri; Navada, Mahesh; Dhara; D’Cunha, PremaIsolated Congenital Heart Block (CHB) affects 1:15000-20000 live births. 30-50% of fetuses with CHB will have a structural anomaly. Congenital heart block detected in utero is strongly associated with maternal antibodies to SSA (Ro) and SSB (La). Their pathogenic role in the development of CHB has been established in several studies. The mothers of affected infants frequently had autoimmune disease (systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome) or were entirely asymptomatic. We report a case of fetal isolated congenital heart block in an asymptomatic mother with anti-SSA/SSB antibodies.Item Association between serum paraoxonase and plasma nitric oxide in pre-eclampsia.(2014-05) Suneja, Shilpa; Saxena, Rahul; Saxena, Raj; Sharma, Dilutpal; Lal, Alok MiltonIt is well accepted that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of endothelial dysfunction leading to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH). However, studies related to altered levels of paraoxonase and nitric oxide in PIH subjects are still in obscure. In this context, the present study was undertaken to assess serum Paraoxonase (PON), Nitric Oxide (NO) levels along with other markers of oxidative stress i.e. erythrocyte Malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma ascorbic acid levels in the blood samples of PIH subjects and to determine their relation in etio-pathogenesis of PIH complication. Methods: Markers of oxidative stress (PON, MDA, and ascorbic acid) and endothelial dysfunction (serum NO) were estimated in 20 normotensive pregnant women (Group I) and 20 PIH women (Group II) by using standard methods. Data obtained from both the groups were statistically compared with age matched 20 healthy non pregnant women (Control group) by using student’s t-test. Results: Serum PON and erythrocyte MDA levels were increased significantly whereas marked depletion in plasma NO and vitamin C levels (P <0.05, P <0.001) were observed in PIH subjects. In addition, PON levels were inversely correlated with endothelial dysfunction. However, only plasma NO levels were decreased significantly in group I subjects whereas other parameters were altered insignificantly (P <0.1) in group I subjects. Conclusion: These findings reflects the importance of antioxidant rich diet in the prevention of PIH complication and emphasizes the early assessment of serum paraoxonase and NO levels as efficient diagnostic marker to predict future risk of PIH development.Item Parasitic acardiac twin: a rare anomaly of monochorionic TRAP sequence.(2014-05) Seth, Shikha; Rawat, Rajani; Yadav, Rajesh; Rajput, AlpanaAcardiac twin is a rare complication of monozygotic multiple pregnancy. Vascular anastomosis between twins, with single placenta leads to transfer of deoxygenated blood from umbilical artery of donor to the recipient twin in reverse direction through its umbilical artery which is responsible for abnormal growth. Acardiac twin dies in utero or immediately after birth with a 50-75% mortality of normal donor twin due to congestive heart failure secondary to strain of perfusing acardiac twin.Item A study of visual evoked potentials and effect of relaxation technique in patients with migraine.(2014-05) Biswas, Dalia A; Gaikwad, Meghana AIt is a cross-sectional comparative study in which comparison was done between 1) group A comprising of 15 cases of migraine (without aura) on medication only, 2) group B comprising of 15 cases of migraine (without aura) and practicing Rajyoga meditation and deep breathing and 3) control group who were 15 age matched normal subjects. This study was conducted in the interictal period. The most striking finding was - A decrease in P100 (ms) at post-test in both the eyes in group B, (though this finding is not significant), in contrast to group A which showed a significant increase in P100 (ms) at post-test. Both the groups showed an increase in P100-N75 (μv) & this finding was not significant in both. Multiple comparisons using Tukey test and one way ANOVA showed significant finding between groups and within groups for P100 and N145 latencies for the right eye. No such difference was seen with left eye. We conclude that Rajyoga meditation and deep breathing can be used as adjuncts to routine antimigraine therapy. We advocate the continuous practice of these interventions which might decrease the frequency of attacks & finally the elimination of this problem.Item Frank’s sign: silent predictor of coronary artery disease.(2014-05) Rathi, Chetan; Acharya, Sourya; Dhirawani, BhavikA 60 year old non hypertensive, non diabetic male presented in casualty with complaints of exertional breathlessness of 2 days duration. ECG and cardiac enzymes were within normal limit. General physical examination was normal except for the finding of bilateral ear lobe creases (Figure 1 & 2). With the possibility of angina equivalent patient was posted for coronary angiography which revealed total occlusion of left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery, 80% obtuse marginal and 70% left circumflex artery. LVEF was 25% and patient was advised for high risk CABG. Creased earlobes (Frank’s sign) were alleged to be associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.Item A study of clinical profile of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction patients from GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.(2014-08) Vaidya, Chirayu V; Majmudar, Drusty KAcute myocardial infarction is the most common and potentially life-threatening cardiac emergency presenting to a hospital. Having significant mortality and morbidity, the emergency requires early recognition, efficient triage and prompt therapeutic, interventions for maximum benefit. The objective was to study the age & sex distribution, clinical features, risk factors, ECG findings, complications, outcome of pts admitted with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction pts admitted in GMERS medical college and hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all new patients managed for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in the I.C.C.U. of GMERS medical college and hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat from January1 2012 to December 31, 2013. Results: Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction was more common in males (71.7%). Male to female ratio was 3.6:1. Mean age was 55.72 years & most pts were in age group of 51-60. most common clinical feature was chest pain (96.9%). Most of the pts (22.8%) presented in the hospital after onset of chest pain in 0>6 hrs duration. Most pts were having anterior wall infarction (47.5%). Most common risk factor was smoking or any form of tobacco consumption (28.3%). Most common complication was congestive cardiac failure (42.9%). In hospital mortality was 13.2%. Conclusion: Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction was having male predominance with anterior wall myocardial infarction most common and most common risk factor was smoking and most common complication was congestive cardiac failure.Item Study of incidence of tuberculosis in fine needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymph node: a city based study.(2014-08) Kumar Jain, Vivek; Tantuway, Rajendra; Khare, VivekTuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) being a simple out-patient diagnostic procedure is well accepted by patients and has practically no complications. Methods: The present study involved 80 patients of cervical lymphadenopathy, who attended the pathology department of the L N medical college and JK hospital, Bhopal from June 2013 to May 2014. After a detailed history and clinical examination, fine needle aspiration cytology of involved nodes was performed in all these patients. Results: Out of 80 cases 32 (40%) cases were of tubercular lymphadenitis, 24 (30%) cases were of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node, 12 (15%) cases were of metastatic deposit of squamous cell carcinoma of lymph node, 10 (12.5)cases were of non-specific lymphadenitis, one case (1.25) was of acute on chronic lymphadenitis and one (1.25) case was of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, so out of 80 cases maximum number of cases (32) were of tuberculous lymph node. Conclusion: FNAC has emerged as a first-line diagnostic technique in tuberculosis lymph node. In cervical lymphadenopathy tuberculosis remains a common cause.