Indian Journal of Mednodent and Allied Sciences

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Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CXPA)-A rare parotid malignancy
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) GJ, Vani Padmaja; A, Sireesha; T, Sunderi Devi; B, Vijaya Nirmala
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare parotid malignancy and its prognosis is poorer than other parotid malignancies. Invasive tumours tend to behave in a more aggressive fashion. These tumours are seen in patients in the sixth to seventh decades of their life. We present a 38-year-old male with a right-sided parotid gland swelling, which was present for the past 3 to 4 years and gradually increasing in size, with a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe. On Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the parotid gland, a diagnosis of CXPAwas given. This was confirmed by histopathology as CXPAwith the malignant component of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and ductal carcinoma and with comedo pattern of necrosis.
Bicuspidised Molar as a Potential Prosthetic Abutment- A Case Report
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Reddy, Vineela Katam; Parthasrathy, Harinath; PL, Suresh; Karpe, Tanveer; Shameem
Conservative management of periodontally compromised teeth with advanced furcation defects has proved to be challenging to the periodontists since ages. With the evolution of implant-based oral rehabilitation of edentulism, the ideology of preservation of the natural dentition is slowly fading. This case report aims at highlighting the conservative management of a grade III furcation-involved molar by bicuspidisation procedure and use of the treated tooth as an abutment for fixed prosthesis. Bicuspidisation is a surgical procedure performed on the mandibular molars for the separation of the mesial and distal roots with their respective crown portions; this separation eliminates the existence of a furcation and facilitates effective oral hygiene practice. The use of bicuspidisation still remains to be one of the most viable traditional options for the management of a Glickman's classification grade III furcation defect in the mandibular molar teeth to facilitate reduction in periodontal infection, oral hygiene maintenance, preservation of natural tooth structure and having the potential to serve as abutments for a fixed partial denture. A bicuspidised multirooted tooth can successfully serve as a potential abutment.
Antenatal HIV Testing for Prevalence in the Remote District of Rural Andhra Pradesh and Treatment Prophylaxis with Nevirapine
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Ravuri, Prabhakar Rao; TD, Varun Kumar Reddy; N., Kalyan Babu
This study was carried out from January 2006 to December 2008 in the rural district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It included counselling and spreading of awareness encouraging voluntary Human Immunovirus testing in antenatal cases and starting prophylactic treatment of seropositive cases with nevirapine for safe deliveries and for preventing the mother to child transmission with distinct improvement effectively.
Does Psychological Stress Cause ‘Cancer’?
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Bhorgonde, Kavita D; Bhorgonde, Deepak D; Abidullah, Mohammed; Motupalli, Naveen
Psychological stress is the mental, physical and emotional pressure experienced by the person. In recent years, our lifestyle as become more stressful compared with that in the past. The occurrence of cancer is also increasing rapidly in recent years. The rapidity as increased to such an extent that each of us has one or the other relative suffering from cancer. The purpose of the present review is to correlate stress as a major cause for cancer. Dr. Hamer, a German oncologist, developed cancer in the late 70s, shortly after his son's death. On that basis he began to investigate the history of his cancer patients and found that they too had a traumatic experience before being diagnosed with cancer. After studying over 40000 cases, over a number of years, he developed the theory that every disease originates from a shock or trauma. Interaction between emotions and immune functions might underlie the increased clinical susceptibility to infectious diseases or malignant tumours. Thus, better understanding of the interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune system in the development of cancer will help us to invent new treatment strategies for cancer.
Anterior Hip Point
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) N.V., Narayana Setty; Raghava, Aditya K
Early ailments of the hip joint have a varied presentation. Pain is felt around the hip due to many ailments pertaining to the spinal column, spinal cord or sacroiliac joint, or due to intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic causes. There is no test mentioned in the literature[1–5] that is specific for diagnosing the ailment of the hip joint clinically in the early stages of the disease and in children. We conducted a prospective study from November 2004 to December 2012, in which 850 hips were examined and followed up for 1 year. In this method, the patient is made to lie in supine position on the examination table and the examiner stands on the affected side of the hip joint. An imaginary line is drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine, bisecting the middle of the patella. This line is transected at 90O, four fingerbreadths (of the patient) distal to the anterior superior iliac spine. Tenderness at this point indicates positivity. The test was positive in 250 patients and negative in 600 patients. Out of the 250 positive cases, 240 were finally confirmed to be suffering from an ailment in the follow-up period. Out of the 600 patients who were initially negative for the test, 10 developed an ailment in the follow-up period. This gave the test a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 98%, making it highly sensitive and specific.
Efficacy of Compressive Stockings versus Electrical Stimulations in Improving Maximal Walking Distance in Peripheral Vascular Disease Patients– A comparative study
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Nujella, Balaji
Compressive stockings with Buerger's exercise provide the required pressure and thereby improve the circulation peripherally. This aids in the reduction of ischaemic pain of the calf muscle in peripheral vascular disease patients. Electrical stimulations with Buerger's exercise are also believed to reduce pain in the peripheral vascular disease patients by improving the collateral circulation and thereby improving the blood supply. A study was carried out between both the modalities to know the efficacy of one over the other. A sample of 40 individuals randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, consisting 20 patients each (n=20), was involved in the study. At the end of study, statistical significance was achieved for compressive stockings over electrical stimulations in improving the maximal walking distance (MWD) in peripheral vascular disease patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria along with the accepted clinical procedures were followed for methodology and tests for conducting the study. The MWD and the level of pain on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used as the objective and subjective outcome measures, respectively. The statistical significance using the t-test was achieved to be P<0.05 (value of t at 5% significance and 38 degrees of freedom for the mean was 2.021) for both the outcome measures after calculating their means and standard deviations.
A Case of Macrocytic Anaemia with Paraplegia due to Tuberculosis
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Reddy, Varun Kumar; G, Lokendranath; R, Prabhakar Rao
A case of macrocytic anaemia with tuberculosis and paraplegia is very rare. This paper discusses the case of a patient who presented with fever and paraplegia, duly diagnosed as spinal tuberculosis, and showed considerable improvement with anti-tubercular regimen and treatment with vitamin B12.
Dental Stem Cells- The New Era of Dentistry
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) B., Sunitha; K., Subashchander
Tissue engineering is a science based on the fundamental principles involving the identification of appropriate cells, the development of conductive scaffolds and the understanding of the morphogenic signals required to induce cells to regenerate a tissue or an organ (Karien, 2009). Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today. They are the key elements for tissue engineering. For years, scientists all over the world have been working on the possibilities of using the stem cells to regenerate human cells that are damaged due to illness, developmental defects and accidents. The discovery of dental stem cells and the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that aim at regeneration of oral tissues that were injured by disease or trauma.
Comparative Allergen Profile in the Krishna-Godavari regions
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) P, Prabhakar Rao; Gonuguntla, Harikishan; B, Neeharika
Allergic diseases are amongst the most common chronic disorders worldwide. Over 20% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and anaphylaxis. In India alone, 20% of the population suffers from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Airway allergy is now considered to be a disease which is not confined to a specific target organ, but rather a disorder of the whole respiratory tract. Epidemiological, experimental and clinical observations have suggested a link between rhinitis and asthma, leading to the definition of allergic rhinobronchitis or united airway disease and the concept of ‘one airway one disease’. Aeroallergens play a major role in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases. Skin tests are the cornerstone for the identification of causative allergens and selection of therapy, including environmental control and immunotherapy. The Krishna and Godavari regions are two of the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh with varied environmental pollutants like cotton dust, granite dust and stone crushings, besides being a potential agricultural area. These areas have high prevalence of naso-bronchial allergies. With this background, the present study was done to study the skin sensitivity to various allergens by skin prick testing in patients of naso-bronchial allergy, visiting the Department of Pulmonology, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, and to compare the prevalence of various allergens among the Krishna and Godavari regions.
Metastasis: An Overview
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) M, Keerthi; M, Jaya Nagendra Krishna
Metastasis means the spread of the malignant cells from the origin site to a distant area. It involves the process of separation/detachment, transportation of fragmented primary tumour cell and lodging in the new site, having a favourable environment. It does not result from random survival of cells released from the primary tumour, but from the selective growth of specialised subpopulations of highly metastatic cells endowed with specific properties that benefit them to complete each step of the metastatic process. To understand this complex network we need to explore the molecules involved in it. This article reviews the theories, mechanisms, genes and genetic alterations that are involved in the process of metastasis.
Cytodiagnosis of Post-Traumatic Nodular Fasciitis
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) N, Vivekanand; Ayyagari, Sudha; Nagendra, Mahindra
Reactive fibroblastic proliferations mimic sarcoma clinically and histologically. They need to be recognised and accurately diagnosed to differentiate from sarcomas and predict the prognosis. Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a benign myofibroblastic proliferation in the soft tissue. The most common locations are the upper extremities, followed by trunk, particularly the chest wall and back. We studied the aspirate obtained from a pre-auricular post-traumatic swelling in a boy, and a diagnosis of reactive fibroblastic proliferation was made after ruling out other common tumours in that region. Subsequent histology confirmed NF and helped in the management of the case.
A Comparative Study of the Clinical Efficacy of Natural- Ore-Based Bhasmas and Lavang Oil in the Management of Krimidanta
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Kothawar, Sunil Kumar; T, Mahesh Babu; Madugula, Sreedevi; B, Surekha
Dental caries is the progressive destruction of enamel, dentine and cementum, initiated by microbial activity at the tooth surface. It is one of the major problems in dentistry. On the basis of clinical features, it can be compared with krimidanta, which is one among the eight diseases of the tooth. In the management of krimidanta, medicines with actions of krimighna, paithya nashak, punah dhatu nirmaan and krumidantavarodh are used, which can relieve the toothache and prevent destruction of tooth structure. In this study, the efficacy of natural-ore bhasmas in krimidanta and its efficiency and durability over the most conventional treatment of lavanga oil application were compared. In this study, the patients of krimidanta (dental caries) were divided into two groups for two types of treatment. In type I, the patients were treated with natural-ore-based medicament and lavanga oil application, and in type II, the patients were treated with lavanga oil application only. From the results and observations of this study, it was concluded that natural-ore-based bhasmas provided better results in dantashoola, durgandhya, dantaharsha, aniyamit ruja and in krimidanta roga. In a nutshell, this clinical study has established that a combined therapy of natural bhasmas and lavanga oil gives better results than lavanga oil alone in the management of krimidanta.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma-Histopathologist Perspective– A Review
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) TT, Mahesh Babu; Kothawar, Sunil Kumar; N, Malathi; Patil, Namrata
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the salivary glands. It comprises 5–10% of all salivary gland tumours. It is histologically comprised of a mixture of mucous cells, intermediate cells, squamoid or epidermoid cells. This tumour may also demonstrate clear cell, oncocytic or columnar cells. There is arguably no other salivary gland tumour in which grading is as important to prognosis and therapy. Here we present a review with systematic approach to the histopathologic diagnosis, grading and prognosis, with a special emphasis on the biologic potential based on newer investigative modalities from the histopathologist perspective.
Immediate Reattachment of Fractured Tooth Segment: A Biological Approach-A Case report
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) G, Ramakrishna; P, Lakshmi Sandhya
Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma that mainly affects children and adolescents. If the original tooth fragment is retained following fracture, reattachment of the fractured fragment to the remaining tooth can provide better and long-lasting aesthetics along with improved function. This report describes a case of fragment reattachment in an 18-year-old male patient following trauma to the maxillary central incisor, with 1 and 6-month follow-up.
Tension Pneumothorax in the First Hour of Newborn Life
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Bharadwaj, N; Chandramouli, M; Kumar, Pavan; Terli, Rajiv
Pneumothorax is an uncommon occurrence at birth. We report a case of a preterm male baby born to a primip through caesarean section. He did not cry immediately after birth, but spontaneous respirations developed after successful neonatal resuscitation. However, a few minutes after resuscitation, the infant developed respiratory distress, grunting and cyanosis. On examination, decreased air entry to the left side of the chest and shift of the trachea and apex beat to the right side were observed, and transillumination of the left side of the chest was positive. Infantogram was done to confirm the diagnosis of pneumothorax on left side of the chest.
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour– A case report
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) P, Ramaswamy; VR, Geethika; Pattipati, Sreenivasulu; G, Vijay Srinivas; B, Praveen Kumar; Ginjupalli, Uday
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a benign, non-invasive odontogenic tumour with slow and sustained growth. It is relatively rare and unusual, and mainly affects females in their second decade of life, exhibiting predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. The lesion is usually associated with the crown of an enclosed tooth, most commonly the maxillary canine. In this paper, we present a case of a 19-year-old female having the classical clinical, radiological and histopathological features, leading to the diagnosis of AOT.
Nosocomial Oral Myiasis– A Rare Case Report
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) L, Jyothi; T, Tirumal Rao; Kumar, Naveen; Bandhari, Ravi
Nosocomial oral myiasis, though a rare entity, do occur under certain circumstances. Early diagnosis and treatment of such conditions prevent further damage/complication, especially in patients who are in intensive care. Dentists, in co-ordination with other medical faculty, play an important role in managing such infections. Further, a greater emphasis should be paid for maintaining better hygiene in public places and in the vicinity of the hospital. This paper is an attempt to illustrate the rare occurrence of oral myiasis that was hospital acquired. Only one case has been reported till now following a search through pubmed.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex– A Case Report
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2013-11) Midde, Madhavi Latha; D, Masthan Saheb
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by hamartoma formation in multiple organs, particularly the skin, Brain, Eye, Kidney and heart. TSC is caused by mutation of two genes TSC1, and TSC2 which encodes for Hemartin and Tuberin. The case of 19 year old female with TSC is reported here since it is associated with Angiomyolipomas of kidneys, Dentigerous cyst, and polycystic ovarian disease, calcified subependymal nodules in the lateral ventricles of brain and multiple radial lens opacities in the eyes. Methodical systemic examination with appropriate investigations is mandatory to diagnose a case of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
Dens Invaginatus in a Peg Lateral - An Unusual Presentation
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2014-02) Eswara, Uma
Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from infolding of the surface of the tooth crown before calcification has occurred. While several mechanisms have been proposed for the cause of this phenomenon the exact etiology is not known. The malformation shows a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis. The nature of the problem may increase the risk of pulp disease and complicate any root canal treatment. Dens invaginatus has been seen very commonly in maxillary lateral incisors; however, reported cases in peg laterals are few. A case is reported here of unusual presentation of dens invaginatus in a peg lateral. The problems associated with treatment of such teeth are discussed.
Laryngeal Spasm in Scorpion Envenoming Syndrome
(Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2014-02) Polisetti, Ravi Babu; K., Radha Krishna Murthy
Death due to scorpion envenoming syndrome is a common event all over the world in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Scorpion envenoming syndrome results in a severe autonomic storm with a massive release of catecholamines, increased levels of angiotensin II, glucagon, cortisol, thyroid hormones, either hypoinsulinemia or hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and increased free fatty acid levels. Under these conditions, scorpion envenoming syndrome with laryngeal spasm, fasciculations, clonus and tetany like skeletal muscle contractions, myocardial damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiovascular disturbances, peripheral circulatory failure, cardiac pulmonary oedema, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and many other clinical manifestations cause multi-systemorgan-failure and death. Under these altered conditions, scorpion envenoming essentially results in a syndrome of fuel – energy deficits and an inability to use the existing metabolic substrates by vital organs causing MSOF and death. Based on our animal experiments in which insulin administration reversed the metabolic and ECG changes induced by scorpion envenoming and treating the poisonous scorpion sting victims with insulin, we consider that insulin has a primary metabolic role in preventing and reversing laryngeal spasm, fasciculations, clonus and tetany like contractions, the cardiovascular, neurological manifestations and pulmonary oedema. Administration of insulinglucose infusion to scorpion sting victims is the physiological basis for the control of the metabolic response when that has become a determinant to survival. Continuous infusion of regular crystalline insulin at the rate of 0.3 U/g glucose and glucose at the rate of 0.1 g/kg body weight/hour, for 48–72 hours, potassium supplementation and maintenance of fluid, electrolytes and acid–base balance.

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