MGM Journal of Medical Sciences

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/152473

Editor-in-Chief: Dr Chander P Puri
ISSN: 2347-7946

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.mgmjms.com/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 365

Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos.
(2014-01) Thakur, Mansee; Dayal, Navami; Pai, Girish; Joshi, Dattatraya
Genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) in a vertebrate model system were investigated. Effects and accumulation patterns of silver nanoparticles were studied using zebrafish embryos. Nanoparticles of silver were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate, using sodium borohydride as reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrolidene as a stabilizer. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV/ Vis spectrophotometer (absorption spectra), Transmission electron microscopy and were found to have the size range of 4 to 10 nm. Evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out at various concentrations to obtain the LD50 value. Dose dependent decrease in percent viability was observed on exposure of embryos to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles with LD50 of 1.0 µg/ml. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent toxicity in embryos and abrogate normal development.
Diagnosis and Effective Management of Preterm Labor.
(2014-01) Garfield, Robert E; Lucovnik, Miha; Kuon, Ruben J
Despite extensive research, we are still unable to diagnose, prevent and treat preterm labor. Monitoring efficacy of interventions that would allow this is largely biased by the inability to accurately identify true labor with the currently used crude technology. Progestin supplementation appears to be a promising approach to both preventing initiation of preterm labor and treating it once it is already established, given progesterone’s role in maintaining pregnancy as well as support from basic and clinical research. However, the questions on mechanisms of action, optimal progestin formulation, dose, route and timing of administration remain unanswered. We have established and reported noninvasive means to accurately monitor cervical ripening, by measuring collagen light-induced fluorescence (LIF) and myometrial contractility, by measuring uterine electromyography (EMG). By accurately assessing the two components of parturition, cervical LIF and uterine EMG can help to identify effective prevention strategies and treatment of preterm labor.
Research: An Integral Part of Education and Health Promotion.
(2014-01) Kaul, Shibban K; Puri, Chander P
Research is a harmonious opera that passionately blends purposeful curiosity and innovative creativity with disciplined process, patient observation and untiring perseverance. Such is the importance of research that without it, humans would still have been scratching each other’s back, sitting aside other apes in forests formed over millions of years, literally! Just look around wherever you are and try to identify anything man-made, that does not have its roots in research. In a lighter vein, this search might be far more difficult than research itself, and hence a potentially new topic for research!
Perspectives on Medical Education in India.
(2014-01) Moudgil, Virinder K
India, the land that Mark Twain called The Cradle of Human Race has also given the world its four major religions; Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. The same land gave the world its first university in Takshila (700 BC); and the oldest written texts on our planet-the Vedas. India also developed the knowledge of health and diseases and gave the world, Ayurveda, the first School of Medicine. Susruta (800-600 BC), the father of plastic surgery not only healed the sick but trained others in the art of practicing medicine as the present day interns and residents. The original Susruta Samhita described the importance of hygiene, and areas of medicine that include midwifery, ophthalmology (removal of cataracts), toxicology, amputation and use of anesthesia, dental extractions, and psychosomatic ailments. The latter conditions are now a significant part of conversation regarding a number of clinical conditions including depression. Thus, medical education in India is solid and deep-rooted, and Indian medical expertise are respected and sought world-wide. Nearly 30% of doctors in the United States are of Indian origin; many educated and trained in India.
Rare Presentation of Large Cell Lymphoma.
(2014-01) Kale, Anjali Vasant; Kakade, Jagannath R; Engade, Madhuri Bhagwan; Chinthireddy, Sandeep Reddy
Lymphoma is a common cancer of childhood. Its pathologic subtype of anaplastic large cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) is rare and spread to the central nervous system (CNS) is even rarer. We present here such a case who presented to us with an acute history of fever and diplopia and co-existent polyarthritis since 8 years diagnosed as NHL with CNS involvement. CNS involvement is a rare presenting manifestation of NHL and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Chronic arthritis could be a risk factor or manifestation of immunodeficiency or immune dysregulation when associated with lymphoma. It is important to suspect NHL in children presenting with these symptoms for prompt evaluation and better clinical outcome.
Cardioprotective Efficacy of Bacopa monniera in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus: Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment.
(2014-01) Ghatage, Apeksha J; Mohanty, Ipseeta Ray; Maheswari, Ujjwala; Suman, Rajesh Kumar; Urhekar, A D; Deshmukh, Yeshwant
Introduction: herbs have been used as medicines since ancient times and it has been observed that human body is well suited to herbal remedies. In the present study, the myocardial salvaging effects of Bacopa monnieri (L) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) (Bm), a medicinal herb was evaluated in diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Type II diabetes mellitus was induced chemically in rats using streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg). Wistar rats were randomly allocated to sham, STZ control and Bm treated groups. Lyophilized hydro-alcoholic extract of Bm (75 mg/kg) was administered once a day orally to the rats for 21 days. On the 22nd day, biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar and creatinine phosphokinase [(CPK), CPK-MB] and histopathological assessment of myocardium was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy of Bm. Results: Pretreatment of Bm to experimental rats restored the raised fasting blood sugar levels, CPK, CPK-MB activity and preserved the histopathological architecture of pancreas, heart, liver and kidney as compared to the STZ control group. Bm demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in the experimental model of diabetic mellitus. Conclusion: Bm demonstrated significant myocardial salvaging effects in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Histopathological assessment of myocardium shows the cardioprotective effects of Bm in the STZ model of diabetes mellitus.
Lipid Peroxidation, Sperm DNA Fragmentation Total Antioxidant Capacity and Semen Quality in Male Infertility.
(2014-01) More, Kavita; Badade, Z G; Narshetty, J G; Joshi, D S; Mukherjee, S; Deepak, A D; Badade, V Z
Infertility is a major clinical problem, affecting people medically and psychosocially. Male factor plays a significant role in about 50% of infertile couples. Recent reports indicate that increasing male infertility could be due to genomic abnormalities. The etiology of sperm DNA damage is multi-factorial but compromised due to nuclear defects, protamine deficiency and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate sperm DNA integrity and oxidative stress in infertile men. The study is prospective, comprises 96 infertile patients and 30 fertile controls. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed by flowcytometry. MDA and TAC were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The percentage of DNA Fragmentation Index and MDA were found to be significantly increased while TAC was significantly decreased in infertile men as compared to control. DFI and MDA were negatively correlated with TAC levels. Present study indicates significant increases in seminal MDA and sperm DNA damage in infertile men. Seminal MDA was significantly correlated with sperm DNA damage, TAC and standard sperm parameters. The elevated levels of seminal OS observed in these infertile patients could be responsible for poor sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation. Hence evaluation of DFI, MDA and TAC can be used for diagnosis, prognosis of male infertility in addition to routine semen parameters to decide the treatment strategies.
Message from the Vice Chancellor.
(2014-01) Kadam, Sudhir N
MGM Institute of Health Sciences (Deemed University) is among the preeminent universities of the country and strives to provide and sustain its high quality in teaching, research and patient care. The university is committed to creativity, innovation and excellence in every sphere of its working. Recognizing the outstanding contributions of the university under the seven major criteria namely: Curriculum aspects; Teaching-learning and evaluation; Research, consultancy and extension; Infrastructure and learning resources; Student mentoring and support including student participation; Governance, leadership and management; and Innovation and best practices, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) of the University Grants Commission had conferred Grade ‘A’ to the University.
Complicated Hyperuricemia.
(2014-01) Taksali, Rita; Pal, Niladri Shekhar; Mulay, S S
Gout is most common arthritis in men and its prevalence increases with increased life expectancy. Untreated hyperuricemia lead to complication like renal impairment, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular complication. We are reporting here such a case of untreated hyperuricemia. A 45 years old male presented with polyarthritis having since 3 years. He is also a known case of hypertension and diabetes for last 6 months. Patient is on steroid for last 1 year. Patient presently has bilateral pedal edema, swelling of both knee joints, bilateral 1st metatarsophalangeal joint and tophaceous swelling in different areas of the bodies. On blood examination-raised serum uric acid, creatinine, blood urea level. Urine shows uric acid crystal and albuminuria. Synovial fluid shows uric acid crystals. Longterm untreated hyperuricemia associated with hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases. Therefore raised uric acid lead to multiple system disease involvement.
Message from the Chairman.
(2014-01) Kadam, Kamal Kishor
It is imperative that medical education takes into account the social, cultural, economic and geographical aspects of the nation. It should address the health problems of each and every individual with diverse socioeconomic status. It is necessary to provide them adequate learning and resource sharing channels to strengthen the health literature and information dissemination mechanism which would ultimately streamline relevant and responsive means to eradicate various diseases. I am extremely happy to learn about the positive initiative taken by the MGM Institute of Health Sciences in bringing out a scientific journal, MGM Journal of Medical Sciences.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Postcardiac Interventions.
(2014-01) Saha, Kamales Kumar; Kaul, S K
Many primary care doctors need to know exactly how to manage antithrombotic medication of patients who have earlier undergone a cardiac intervention or surgery, if they come for a noncardiac problem. This article addresses this important issue.
TG/HDL-C Ratio: A Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.
(2014-01) Samant, Parineeta; Chavan, Padma; Rai, Sandeep
Insulin resistance (IR) is hallmark of metabolic syndrome. It is important to identify IR as it is the early stage before development of diabetes mellitus. The standard method to measure insulin resistance is the euglycemic clamp technique, which is laborious. Hence, a number of surrogate measures like homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio have been developed. Both of the former involve calculations, while TG/HDL ratio may be readily available for clinicians. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess whether TG/HDL-C ratio serves as a better predictive marker of IR. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio as a surrogate marker of IR in metabolic syndrome patients. Materials and methods: Total 110 patients were recruited in the study after obtaining informed written consent. They were divided into two groups. Group I included healthy controls (n = 50) and subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) (n = 60) as per NCEP ATP III criteria were included in group II. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis was performed in all subjects. Results: There was statistically significant difference in anthropometric, glycemic and lipid parameters in control and study group (p < 0.0001). The regression model between HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-C ratio showed was positive correlation (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) while between QUICKI and TG/HDL-C ratio showed negative correlation (r = –0.37, p = 0.002). Conclusion: We report in our study that TG/HDL-C can be adopted in routine laboratory practice as a surrogate marker for prediction of insulin resistance. So that patients with metabolic syndrome may be beneficial at an early stage.
Childhood and Adolescent Onset Type 1 Diabetes in India.
(2014-04) Amutha, Anandakumar; Kalpana, Thai; Mohan, Viswanathan
According to International Diabetes Federation, there are 382 million people with diabetes globally. While the majority of this is constituted by type 2 diabetes, numbers of type 1 diabetes are also increasing. This paper reviews the clinical and epidemiological features and management issues in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
The Effect of Parental Communication on the Belief System of Teenage Girls: A Case Study.
(2014-04) Shiradkar, Swati
Healthy development during adolescent age is very important. The major issue is experimentation to understand the base of thinking direction of this age group. The questions were given to participants in a workshop. The answers analyzed. Total 48 female students between age group 14 and 16 responded. Fifty percent wanted economical independence but 30% have it. Majority of those who wanted this independence felt that friendship between boys and girls is necessary and they found communication with parents difficult, shared feelings with friends. Improvement in communication between children and parents will help in solving issues about irresponsible behavior of the children.
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.
(2014-04) Someshwar, Shylaja; Jerajani, Hemangi R
Cutaneous adverse drug reaction is one of the most common manifestations of drug allergy. As the knowledge of the morphology of drug induced cutaneous lesions helps in the early identification of even a serious drug reaction, it is mandatory for the treating physician to pick up early signs of these reactions followed by a prompt withdrawal of the suspected drug. The paper discusses the clinical presentation and management of these including severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. It emphasizes on need of a great amount of skill for its identification and management.
Comparative Study of Serum Malondialdehyde Levels as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Patients of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and Controls.
(2014-04) Bhale, Dhananjay V; Hivre, Manjusha D; Mahat, Roshan K; Bujurge, Ashlesha A
Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy with a reported incidence ranging between 5 and 10%. In pregnancy-induced hypertension, many complex homeostatic modifications occur, some are harmful to the mother and fetus, while others are beneficial. The objective of this study was to determine the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and to compare them to that of normal pregnant women. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in the department of biochemistry which included total 30 patients of PIH age group of 20 to 40 years and age and sex matched controls. Serum MDA was estimated by method of Nourooz-Zadeh J et al using trichloroacetic acid and thiobarbituric acid. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for serum MDA. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS no. 17 and student t-test. In the present study, statistically significant increase in levels of lipid peroxidation MDA was observed PIH as compared to those in normal pregnant controls.
Fetal Liver CD34+-Cells in Dynamic of Human Fetus Development.
(2014-04) Priya, A B Padma; Kukharchuk, O
Fetal liver stem cells are not homogeneous but represented mostly by polyploidy hepatocytes and hepatoblasts and likewise early hematopoietic cells. Both cells lately used in regenerative medicine. However, fact remains unclear that, in which period of gestation preferably produces liver parenchyma stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. In this case practically there is absence of phenotypic characteristics of liver cells in the dynamics of its development. Phenotype of cells reflects the status of its genome, therefore such information are necessary for further development of cell transplantation. Aim: To create CD34+ phenotypic map of fetal stem cells, isolated from abortive material (fetal liver) obtained by means of MTP in gestation periods from 6 to 20 weeks. Methods: Flow cytometry phenotypic characteristics of hematopoietic fetal stem cells: CD34+-cells. Results: Results show that maximum total amount of fetal liver cells could be isolated in the gestation period 20 weeks, minimum - in the gestation period of 6 to 7 weeks. Maximum absolute quantity of CD34+-cells observed in the period of gestation 20 weeks, minimum - in the period of gestation 6 to 7 weeks. Viability of the cells while using our method of isolation is high and varies from 91.5 to 95.5%. The highest percent of CD34+-cells observed in the gestation period 11 weeks, and lowest - in the period of gestation 6 to 7 weeks. Conclusion: Obtaining results allows making preliminary conclusion, that optimal period for isolation of fetal liver hematopoietic CD34+-cells are 11 weeks and 18 to 20 weeks periods of gestation age.
Cervical HPV Infection in Indian Women: Screening and Immunization as Preventive Strategies.
(2014-04) Menezes, Lynette J; Jang, Seung Eun; Ross, Daniel J; Glaser, Alexander D; Varghese, Rojan
Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality among women in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV), the etiological agent of cervical cancer is widely prevalent worldwide. Persistent HPV infection, particularly with HPV 16, is essential for progression to cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 are the most common genotypes detected among Indian HIV-infected and uninfected women, although their relative contributions vary. HIV-infected Indian women experience a higher risk for HPV infection compared to the general population. Although cervical screening and vaccination to protect against HPV infection are the two main strategies for prevention, there are significant challenges to their implementation in India. Scaling up of cervical screening using simple, rapid tests followed by colposcopy and treatment within a minimal number of visits is essential to prevent loss to followup. Increasing the uptake of the HPV vaccine combined with cervical screening can greatly reduce the burden of ICC in India.
Long-term Survival in Tricuspid Atresia after Palliative Surgery
(2014-04) Ghodke, Babita; Kalkekar, Sanjeev Kumar; Radke, Manish
Here we report a rare case of tricuspid atresia. A 46 years old male treated palliatively by pulmonary artery banding. Patient is still surviving and is almost asymptomatic with limited exertion for so many years in spite of chronic hypoxia.
Maternal Morbidity and Estimates from Community Studies in India.
(2014-04) Doke, Prakash Prabhakarrao
First phase of implementation of national rural health mission was completed with 11th plan. Reviews are regularly conducted to monitor the achievements of goals which include reduction of maternal mortality ratio, which is an emerging priority. Due to inherent difficulties in definition, data compilation studies are infrequent. Maternal mortality to morbidity ratio varies from 5 to 223. The morbidities range from mild to severe almost near miss case. The criteria for inclusion of a patient in severe acute maternal morbidity on organ/system failure/dysfunction seem to be objective but availability of diagnostic facilities is the limiting factor. The simple criterion based on some diseases or conditions is widely accepted. Usually magnitude is recorded high when disease or condition criteria are used and low when failure or dysfunction criteria are used. Community-based studies are scarce. National level surveys provide limited information. In such type of studies, morbidities are self-reported and hence the magnitude is very high. The district level household survey-3 recorded morbidity in 93.3% women. Very few studies were carried out before 2001. Studies in this millennium have been deliberated. Women having some postnatal depression ranged from 11 to 33%.

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