IMSEAR Repository :: Browsing by Author "Singh, AK"

Browsing by Author "Singh, AK"

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Animal models of tuberculosis: Lesson learnt
(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2018-05) Singh, AK; Gupta, UD
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally among infectious diseases that has killed more numbers of people than any other infectious diseases. Animal models have become the lynchpin for mimicking human infectious diseases. Research on TB could be facilitated by animal challenge models such as the guinea pig, mice, rabbit and non-human primates. No single model presents all aspects of disease pathogenesis due to considerable differences in disease resistance/susceptibility between these models. Availability of a wide range of animal strains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, route of infection and doses affect the disease progression and intervention outcome. Different animal models have contributed significantly to the drug and vaccine development, identification of biomarkers, understanding of TB immunopathogenesis and host genetic influence on infection. In this review, the commonly used animal models in TB research are discussed along with their advantages and limitations.
Assessing cognitive decline for effective screening: evaluating the efficacy of mini-mental status examination and Addenbrooke抯 cognitive examination in identifying minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis
(Medip Academy, 2025-04) Singh, AK; Agarwal, S; Kumar, V; Giri, R; Shrivastava, S
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a progressive disease marked by significant liver scarring and functional impairment. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), a common complication, has a global prevalence of 30-84%, and in India, up to 59.7% among cirrhosis patients. Despite its prevalence, routine MHE screenings are infrequent, highlighting a significant gap in cirrhosis management. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke抯 cognitive examination (ACE) in early detection of cognitive impairments in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: The study assessed cognitive function in 126 participants (63 males with compensated liver cirrhosis and 63 healthy male controls) using MMSE and ACE. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and MHE. Results: MMSE scores were significantly lower in the cirrhosis group (M=23.73, SD=1.74) compared to controls (M=25.61, SD=1.07), indicating cognitive impairments, especially in orientation and language domains. ACE scores also showed a significant decline in the cirrhosis group (M=80.92, SD=2.66) compared to controls (M=84.98, SD=3.06), particularly in visuospatial abilities. Conclusions: MHE significantly affects cognitive function in compensated liver cirrhosis patients. Both MMSE and ACE are effective in detecting cognitive impairments, with ACE showing greater sensitivity. Routine cognitive screening using ACE could improve early detection and intervention, enhancing cognitive function and quality of life for cirrhosis patients.
Assessing Crop Water Status and Stress Response in Precision Agriculture: The Role of CCATD and CTD
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-06) Kumar, V; Bisarya, D; Kumar, S; Raza, M; Singh, AK; Cortinas, JA.
Crop temperature regulation is a fundamental aspect of plant physiology, especially under fluctuating environmental conditions. Temperature-based indices such as Crop Canopy Air Temperature Difference (CCATD) and Canopy Temperature Depression (CTD) are vital indicators of plant water status, transpiration efficiency, and drought response. CCATD, defined as the difference between canopy temperature (Tc) and air temperature (Ta), provides insights into water stress, with higher values indicating limited transpiration and increased canopy heat accumulation. In contrast, CTD—calculated as the difference between Ta and Tc—reflects the plant’s evaporative cooling capacity, where higher values denote active transpiration and efficient water use. The inverse relationship between CCATD and CTD enhances their utility in crop stress monitoring, precision irrigation, and the selection of stress-resilient genotypes in breeding programs. Advanced technologies such as infrared thermometry, UAV-mounted thermal imaging, and satellite-based remote sensing support accurate assessment of these indices at multiple scales. Environmental variables—including solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), wind speed, and soil moisture—significantly influence CCATD and CTD, highlighting the need for their integration with multispectral and physiological data for more effective stress detection. This review emphasizes the critical role of CCATD and CTD in optimizing water management, guiding climate-resilient crop selection, and advancing precision agriculture. Future research should focus on integrating these indices with AI-driven analytics and high-throughput phenotyping to enhance their predictive value and support sustainable crop production under increasing climate variability.
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Irrigation Water Quality of Phulpur Blocks of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Yadav, P; Swaroop, N; David, AA; Thomas, T; Singh, AK; Kaur, K.
We aimed to study nutrient status in Phulpur block of Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh, India. We collected representative soil samples covering nine villages of Phulpur division at depths like 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-45cm before sowing of crops. The soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties. Results show that the soil samples of the areas of the Phulpur division were found to be mildly alkaline and non-saline. There are many reasons leading to soil quality deterioration, including changes in land use types of forest to arable land and the consequences of intensive land use. The colour of soil changes between the three depths at all locations. There were differences in the colour of dry and wet soils was dark brown to dark yellowish brown. The soil bulk density varied from 1.22 to 1.41 Mg m-3, soil particle density varied from 2.291 to 2.452 Mg m-3, pore space from 41.6 to 48.2 %, water holding capacity from 36.60 to 43.30 % respectively. Soil pH varied from 7.26 to 7.84 and EC is 0.24 to 0.38 dS m-1. while soil organic carbon varied from 0.29 to 0.45 % and available nitrogen from low to medium (180 to 275 kg ha-1), available phosphorous from medium to high (10.80 to 22.5 kg ha-1), potassium was found to be medium range (132.00 to 231.00 kg ha?1), exchangeable calcium and magnesium low from (3.48 to 5.50 Meq 100g-1) and (1.66 to 2.72 Meq 100g-1) respectively. The water pH of varied from 6.24 to 7.50, the electrical conductivity of water ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 dS m-1, the bicarbonate of water varied from 7 to 18 Meq L-1, the chloride of water varied from 4.5 to 10.4 Meq L-1, the available calcium of water varied from 4.2 to 8 Meq L-1, the available magnesium of water varied from 2.5 to 3.6 Meq L-1, the potassium of water varied from 0.05 to 0.17 Meq L-1 and the sodium of water varied from 0.08 to 0.21 Meq L-1. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 Meq L-1, indicating low to moderate levels of sodium content in the water samples. The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 1.47 to 3.93 Meq L-1, providing further insight into the sodium content in the water. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) varied from -2.4 to 7.4 Meq L-1. The permeability Index (PI) ranged from 28 to 56 Meq L-1, serving as an indicator of the potential impact of water on soil permeability, the Kelley's ratio (KR) ranged from 0.08 to 0.024 Meq L-1. The KR is a measure of the sodium hazard in irrigation water, with lower values indicating a lower risk of sodium-related issues in soil and crops. The range of the irrigation water quality index value ranged from 44 to 157 Meq L-1 it was determined that 100% of the samples are in suitable range for irrigation.
Assessment of the Genotype × Environment Interaction in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes for Yield and Its Contributing Traits under Different Dates of Sowing
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-06) Kumar, S; Sahi, VP; Singh, AK; Choudhary, S.
The forty-five genotypes of groundnut were evaluated at Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) during kharif, seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 in four artificially created environments by four different dates of sowing considered as E-I, E-II, E-III & E-IV. The present experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and involved recording observations on 17 yield and its contributing characters. Identifying stable-performing genotypes in the changing environmental scenario is of paramount importance in modern breeding materials. Crop improvement programme mostly depend on the identification of superior and stable genotypes. Mean sum of squares due to environment were found to be substantially distinct for all the traits and the mean sum of square due to genotype were found to be significant for all the characters. The regression coefficients (bi) of the genotypes ranged from -3.40 to 2.52 and the deviation from regression (S2di) ranged from -1.01 to 1.56. Stability parameters of various traits revealed that GJG-18, RG-574 and RG-559-3 pod yield per plant and RS-1 oil content showed high mean performance and regression coefficient close to unity and non-significant deviation from regression stable under overall environments. Thus indicating the importance of non-linear components in determining interaction of the genotypes with environments in the present study according to the Eberhart and Russell (1966) model.
Bilateral glandular odontogenic cyst of the maxilla: A rare case report and review of literature.
(2014-07) Asthana, A; Singh, AK
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a recently recognized rare developmental odontogenic cyst having an aggressive behavior and accounts for 0.012 to 1.3% of all jaw cysts. In 1992, the World Health Organization recognized this cyst as glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC). Clinically, GOC usually presents as a painless, slow-growing swelling that tends to affect the anterior part of the jaws. Many authors have suggested that the cyst mainly occurs in 4th and 5th decades and presents as an expansion of jaws with or without pain or Paraesthesia. The dental professionals must be aware of the clinical significance of this lesion as the aggressive nature of the lesion has been reported and at least 25% to 55% recur following curettage. Hence the treatment of choice is excision rather than enucleation in order to obviate recurrence. Here, we report a case of bilateral GOC in the anterior region of the maxilla, in a 29-year-old male patient, which is very unusual as it is the first bilateral case to be reported in the literature.
A case series of unusual presentations of Burkitt's lymphoma
(Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd., 2020-04) Dashottar, Sunita; BS, Sunita; Singh, RK; Rana, Vandana; Suhag, Virender; Singh, AK
Context: Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is one of the fastest growing malignancies. It is the most common subtype of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood. It has three major subtypes – endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. Aims: This study aims to study the clinicomorphologic features of this disease entity and to find optimal imaging technique for such cases. Setting and Design: A retrospective observational study in a tertiary care center of academic and research potential. Subjects and Methods: We are presenting three unusual cases of sporadic type of BL who presented initially as localized right iliac fossa mass mimicking as acute appendicitis. Initially, localized presentation progressed to diffuse abdominal mass lesions causing intestinal obstruction. Results: These cases had emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis by the ultrasonography (USG) or computed tomography (CT) scan for early diagnosis so as to manage such cases simply by early appropriate medical treatment. Conclusion: In this article, we will discuss the clinical and imaging features of BL with the role of USG, CT scan and positron emission tomography/CT in the abdominopelvic imaging of pediatric patients
Characteristics of the COPD Patients for the Implementation of the Smartphone Application for the COPD: An Implementation Study
(Medsci Publications, 2024-08) Verma, A; Behera, A; N, R; Islam, M; Vaishali, K; Sinha, MK; Aditya, Jayaraj; Singh, AK; Verma, PK.
Background: This study provides us an opportunity to discuss about the development of a smartphone enabled Home based Self-management application for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective: To summarize the baseline characteristics of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients recruited in present study. Methods: A single centered prospective non-randomized study has been conducted to implement the self-management application among 166 patients. Patients were matched based on gender and Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Smartphone application was provided to the intervention group and instructions were given to them. Results: The mean age of participants was 58.02 years in which more than half were male, more than 80% were married, almost one-third were educated up to class 10th, more than 65% have disease duration between 3 to 8 years, equally distributed for Grade 2 and 3 and two third were ex-smokers. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score was 40.20 and 39.74, Clinical COPD Questionnaire score was 3.89 and 3.86, COPD Assessment Test score was 23.65 and 22.74 in intervention and control group respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between the group. Conclusion: The findings of present study provide a vital context for the follow-up results of the evaluation study.
Climate Change Awareness and Vulnerability among Farming Communities of Konkan Region, Maharashtra, India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Shelar, R; Maji, S; Singh, AK; Yarazari, SP.
This research paper presents an analysis of awareness and vulnerability to climate change among farming communities in a specific study area. The study focuses on understanding the level of awareness among respondents regarding climate change and its associated impacts. Additionally, it looks into the affecting socio economic factors of the level of awareness among farming communities. Furthermore, the study assesses the vulnerability of the farmers to climate change, considering indicators such as exposure to disasters and perceived extent of loss. Based on the analysis of data collected from 245 respondents, it was found that a significant majority of participants demonstrated awareness of changing weather patterns and the warming of the climate. However, a lower level of awareness was observed regarding the significance of addressing climate change as an important issue. In terms of vulnerability, the findings indicated that a considerable number of respondents had experienced various climate-related disasters, including unpredictable rain, floods, cyclones, and outbreaks of disease or pests. The perceived extent of loss varied among respondents, with agriculture and related aspects being most affected. Using a vulnerability categorization method, it was determined that a significant proportion of respondents fell into the low and very low vulnerability categories.
Comparison of the routine Papanicolaou staining technique with the rapid, economic, acetic acid, Papanicolaou (REAP) technique.
(2014-07) Asthana, A; Singh, AK
Background: The universal stain for oral cytological screening for precancer and cancer of oral cavity is Papanicolaou stain which has been used in different laboratories with many modifications. Objectives: To assess the superiority of staining of smears by REAP technique compared to PAP technique. Material and Methods: 100 smears were collected from 50 patients. One set of smears were stained with conventional PAP technique and the other set with the REAP technique. In the REAP technique, the ethanol bath in the pre Orange G6, post Orange G6 and post EA50 stages is replaced by 1% acetic acid; Tap water is used instead of Scott’s tap water and hematoxylin is pre heated in water bath to 60°C for rapid penetration. Methanol is used for final dehydration. The two sets of smears are observed by two independent observers and assessed for the optimal and suboptimal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. The results are compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Good cytoplasmic transparency and optimal nuclear details were seen in REAP stained smears compared to the conventional PAP smears. The cost involved in REAP method was lesser compared to conventional PAP technique. REAP technique took 3 minutes for completion compared to PAP technique that involves a minimum of 20 minutes. Conclusion: REAP technique produces better stained smears that are cost effective and involve minimal time for mass screening of oral cancer as compared to conventional PAP smears.
A Comprehensive Review on Impact of Intensive Use of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater under Sugarcane Based Cropping System in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-02) Kumar, A; Singh, SK; Meena, SK; Sinha, SK; Rana, L; Singh, AK; Kumar, A; Singh, H; Paswan, S.
This study critically examines the impact of intensive nitrogen fertilizer use on nitrate contamination in groundwater within sugarcane-dominated cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India, with a focus on Samastipur district, Bihar. The region’s sugarcane cultivation, characterized by high nutrient demand, necessitates substantial fertilizer application. This practice, combined with the area’s medium to high rainfall, exacerbates nitrate leaching and runoff, leading to significant groundwater contamination. Unlike existing studies that broadly address agricultural nitrate pollution, this paper uniquely synthesizes thematic analyses, including nitrate chemistry, environmental distribution, leaching processes, and health implications, alongside the effects on sugarcane quality. Novel insights are provided on the interplay between agricultural practices and environmental health, particularly concerning sugarcane cultivation's contribution to nitrate flux. The findings underscore the dire environmental and public health challenges posed by elevated nitrate levels, including methemoglobinemia, ecosystem degradation, and compromised agricultural productivity. Highlighting the inadequacies of current practices, the research advocates for sustainable solutions, such as precision fertilizer application, biological nitrogen sources, and enhanced irrigation management. This comprehensive review contributes valuable perspectives for policymakers, researchers and stakeholders aiming to mitigate nitrate pollution and ensure sustainable agricultural development in similar agrarian landscapes.
Consensus to Reduce Withdrawal and Improve Adherence with SGLT2i: Consensus TWO SGLT2i Adherence Group
(Journal of Indian Medical Association, 2025-04) Singh, NK; Singh, AK; Patni, B; Agarwal, P; Nageshappa, MK; Prasad, MK; Chhabra, M; Singha, NG; Shunmugavelu, M; Gupta, A; Phatak, S; Tiwaskar, M; Kalra, S; Baruah, MP; Anthuvan, T; Pedenekar, A; Prasad, A; Gadia, S.
Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a class of medications that have shown significant efficacy in regulating blood glucose levels and providing additional benefits, such as cardiorenal protection. This study aims to analyze the factors leading to nonadherence and discontinuation of SGLT2i treatment and to identify strategies that can enhance patient compliance and reduce withdrawal rates. Materials and methods: This consensus involved an expert committee comprising 14 leading opinion leaders, chosen for their profound expertise and experience in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and SGLT2i therapy. Prior to the meeting, a comprehensive document—developed through an extensive literature review on current challenges, best practices, and potential strategies for improving adherence and reducing withdrawal of SGLT2i—was distributed to the committee members. This allowed ample time for thorough review and preparation. The expert committee convened virtually multiple times to engage in in-depth discussions on various aspects of SGLT2i adherence and compliance. The finalized manuscript encapsulates the consensus achieved by the experts, presenting actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing adherence and reducing withdrawal rates in SGLT2i therapy. Results: Based on the literature, several factors contribute to the nonadherence of SGLT2i, including being of Black race, older age (>65 years), high unemployment rate, lower income levels, extended duration of diabetes, a greater number of baseline comorbidities, genital infections, and limited access to healthcare facilities. To maintain good adherence, appropriate patient selection and education are essential. Healthcare practitioners should be well-informed about the drug’s indications, interactions, and side effects. Conclusion: Regular monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and open communication between healthcare practitioners and patients are crucial. Developing personalized care plans, educating patients, promptly addressing their concerns, and cultivating a collaborative healthcare relationship are critical in maintaining adherence.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Maurya, RK; Singh, AK; Maurya, BL; Rao, NVDP.
The present investigation was conducted by taking 137 genotype of bread wheat with 4 checks in Randomize Block Design for the study of correlation and path coefficient analysis. The observations were recorded on 13 quantitative characters. The grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with biological yield per plant (0.31) followed by harvest index (0.18) and 1000-grain weight (0.11). The highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exerted by biological yield per plant (0.30) followed by 1000-grain weight (0.16), harvest-index (0.13), tillers per plant (0.10), grains per spike (0.08), days to maturity (0.02) and peduncle length (0.01). Thus, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 1000-grain weight can be utilized for selection of elite genotypes with better grain yield.
Dengue Outbreak Update in India: 2022
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2022-03) Singh, N; Singh, AK; Kumar, A.
Dengue is an emerging illness in India, where it is endemic in some areas and sometimes causes yearly epidemics. Each dengue outbreak starts with high death and morbidity, which has a significant socioeconomic impact. As of September 30, 2022, India had 63,280 dengue cases, according to information provided by the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control. North India is most severely impacted by each outbreak. In Uttar Pradesh, the state with the most population in India, there have been 2060 confirmed cases of dengue and 1 mortality till September 2022 reported. Patients are being reported from semi-urban, rural, and urban areas. It is essential to properly monitor disease cases through disease surveillance in order to ensure prompt case management if dengue outbreak control is to be achieved. An efficient diagnostic approach for early diagnosis is urgently required to reduce the severity of the sickness, the length of the hospital stay, and clinical consequences.
Design Considerations in Electric Multi-Tool Carrier for Protected Cultivation
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-01) Yamagar, SG; Kumar, A; Kushwaha, HL; Singh, AK; Ramasubramanian, V.
The design considerations of a prototype electric multi-tool carrier rely heavily on the selection of a prime mover, where the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor emerges as the optimal choice. The BLDC motor's compact size, reduced weight, and high torque output make it well-suited for the intended agricultural operations. The transition from the prime mover to the power transmission system involves determining the ground wheel diameter and achieving a target speed of 10 km/h. The calculated speed ratio of the BLDC prime mover to the power transmission system (25:1) ensures efficient and synchronized multi-tool carrier operation. During testing, the BLDC prime mover exceeded expectations, producing a torque of 90.24 Nm, surpassing the specified requirement of 67.53 Nm. This robust performance highlights the prime mover capability to meet and exceed operational demands across varying speeds. The meticulous consideration of torque requirements in the design phase validates the BLDC motor's efficiency for the proposed electric multi-tool carrier, emphasizing its suitability for the envisioned application.
Determining the Efficacy of Centchroman in Treatment of Mastalgia
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences, 2023-04) Najim, M; Mukhopadhyay, B; Islam, MS; Singh, AK; Sasmal, A
Background: Breast pain or mastalgia is a common complaint among the woman presenting in surgical as well asgynecological OPD. Several non-medical and medical management has been tried for the treatment of mastalgia sinceages. In this study, we have studied role of centchroman in treatment of mastalgia and also tried to observe its side effectsand compliance.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study. Seventy-eight eligible patients fulfilling the eligibility criteriawere enrolled for study. Each patient was given separate patient information sheet and proper counseling was done aboutthe study and consent was taken. Tablet centchroman was give 30 mg bi weekly for 3 months. Follow-up was done at 1, 2,and 3 months and final closure was done at 6 months. The results were observed on a daily breast pain chart improvisedby author.Results: Adaily breast pain chart was used in the study for assessment of pain. The minimum value was zero depicting no painwhile maximum value was 4 indicating breast pain at rest. At the start of study, mean pain score was 1.44 ± 1.273. After 1 month,mean pain score became 0.764 ± 0.599, which is decrease of about 47%. By the end of 2 months, it was 0.548 ± 0.601 (decreaseof 62%). It rose slightly to 0.690 ± 0.478 (approximately 20% rise in mean pain score than 2 months) level indicating that fewpatients were having recurrences. By the end of 6 months, mean pain score was 0.810 ± 0.647 indicating 43% decrease inmean pain score with respect to pain at beginning of the study. The side effects encountered in this study were mostly menstrualrelated which were temporary and normal menses were resumed on stopping medication.Conclusion: This study shows that centchroman is a very effective drug for treatment of mastalgia with minimal and less severeside effects. It also shows less recurrence and patient is more compliant due to easy dosage.
Disparity in Relation to Covid-19 Preventive Behaviour and Associated Myths among Rural and Urban Residents of Lucknow: A Community Based Study
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-09) Shukla, V; Kaushik, A; Sachan, B; Singh, AK; Kumari, R; Kandpal, SD; Jauhari, S
Introduction: For curbing Covid-19 disease, adequate knowledge, attitude, and practices of both rural and urban population for Covid-19 disease prevention is required along with busting of the associated myths. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of urban and rural residents of Lucknow district regarding covid-19 preventive behaviour and associated myths. Methodology: A community-based study was conducted among 420 rural and 421 urban residents of Lucknow. Multistage random sampling was done to select the study subjects. A pre-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information regarding the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the residents for covid19 disease causes, prevention, and treatment. Further, KAP scoring was done to compare the two groups. Results: The mean age of the rural and urban residents was 31.48 ± 12.05 and 30.93 ± 11.96 years respectively. Only 40.4 % urban and 25.5 % rural people had correct knowledge about social distancing (p<0.0001). Knowledge regarding quarantine for covid-19 disease prevention was less among the urban residents (64.6%) as compared to rural (70.5%) (p=0.035). More than one-third (37.6%) of the rural resident believed in the myth that alcohol can prevent the covid-19 disease (p=0.003). 68.8 and 70.5 percent rural and urban residents had positive attitude towards the Indian government’ efforts in curbing the disease. Majority of the urban (90%) and rural (87.6%) residents wore mask when they went out. Only one-fourth of the urban (24.7%) and rural (22.9%) had correct practices for the duration of hand washing. Conclusion: The knowledge was more among the urban people, attitude and practices were almost similar among both the rural and urban residents while myths were more observed among the rural residents.
Effect of Different Thermal Regimes and Moisture Levels on the Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop Grown under Agro-climatic Conditions of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-04) Pandey, A; Mishra, S; Singh, A; Mishra, A; Singh, AK; Agrahari, RK.
A field experiment was carried out at Agrometeorological Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 to investigate the influence of different thermal regimes and moisture levels on wheat growth parameters, including phenophases occurrence, leaf area index (LAI), plant height, and dry matter accumulation at various stages of crop development. The experiment comprised twelve treatment combinations and conducted in split plot design and replicated four times. Treatment consisted of three thermal regimes viz. 15th November, 25th November and 5th December with four moisture levels viz, I1 at CRI (crown root initiation) , I2- CRI+tillering, I3- CRI+ jointing and milking, I4- CRI+ jointing +anthesis and dough stage. Results reveal that Plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (gm-2) and leaf area index increased significantly at all the stages of crop growth . Highest values are recorded with the crop thermal regime on 15th November followed by 25th November. Lowest values of all were recorded in 5th December thermal regime. Among the moisture levels, I4- (CRI+ jointing +anthesis and dough stage) took relatively longer duration for maturirty compared to levels I3, I2 and I1.. These findings underscore the importance of carefully managing both temperature and moisture conditions to optimize wheat growth and development. This research contributes to the broader understanding of crop responses to thermal regimes/date of sowing and provides valuable insights for moisture management strategies aimed at improving crop yield and resilience in the face of changing climate conditions.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient and Weed Management of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Chaubey, S; Singh, AK; Singh, H; Chaturvedi, VD; Singh, VK.
An experiment on “Effect of integrated nutrient and weed management of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” was carried out during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 in Rabi season at the college research farm of T. D. Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, UP. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with five weed management treatments and four nutrient management treatments with three replications. Herbicides viz., pre-emergence (Pendimethalin) and post emergence (Quizalofop-ethyl & Imazethapyr) and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS under weed management with an objective to study the effect of pre and post-emergence herbicides under integrated nutrient management on weed flora and their growth in French bean. This investigation recorded minimum weed density, weed dry weight and significantly higher results received that plant growth in terms of plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, dry matter production plant-1, LAI, grain and straw yield and biological yield under two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) plots. Among the herbicide’s application, Imazethapyr @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS was significantly superior to all the other herbicide application treatments and nutrient application was recorded with 100% RDF which was significantly superior to all the other nutrient management treatments during both the years of experimentation.
Effect of PGRs on Cucurbits: An Overview
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Rajbhar, P; Gurumurthy, N.; Faruk, M; Singh, AK; Singh, SK.
Cucurbits, a popular vegetable, can thrive in deserts and moist tropics. The family Cucurbitaceae contains 118 genera and about 825 species. These crops are mostly grown in India during the summer and rainy seasons, with certain southern and western regions cultivating them in winter. These crops are annual and perennial. PGRs in cucurbits have shown promise in improving crop growth, productivity, and quality. PGRs affect several physiological and developmental processes in cucurbits. There are different effects of the various kind of the PGRs in cucurbits such as watermelon with 25-50 ppm GA3 yielded earlier and more fruits. Fruit count rose with 250 and 500 ppm ethrel. The 40 ppm GA3 increased vegetative growth and production. TIBA (20 ppm) increased fruit weight and yield. In case of cucumber GA3 at 20 ppm and NAA at 100 ppm increased cucumber growth and production. Application of GA3 (20 ppm) at the 4-leaf stage enhances growth, flowering, and yield in bottle gourd. In bitter gourd fruit per plant, fruit weight, and yield increased significantly with GA3 at 60 ppm. Ethrel at 50 ppm improved fruit set and weight. Gibberex treatments increased fruit quantity, weight, and yield per plant. Further study and fieldwork are needed to understand PGRs and determine the appropriate effects for cucurbits.

Browsing by Author "Singh, AK"

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