Browsing by Author "Patil, D"
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Item Absence of Nipah virus antibodies in pigs in Mizoram State, North East India(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2019-05) Mourya, D; Yadav, P; Rout, M; Pattnaik, B; Shete, A; Patil, DItem Circulation of Nipah virus in Pteropus giganteus bats in northeast region of India, 2015(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2018-03) Yadav, P; Sudeep, A; Gokhale, M; Pawar, S; Shete, A; Patil, D; Kumar, V; Lakra, R; Sarkale, P; Nichol, S; Mourya, DItem Correlation of in vitro Fc receptor assay with in vivo mouse foot pad method.(1988-10-01) Jagannathan, R; Patil, D; Mahadevan, P RResistant strains of M. leprae have been reported to the various antileprosy drugs. There is currently no accepted test to identify the susceptibility pattern of M. leprae to the drugs in a short period. The only accepted test is the mouse foot method which takes a long period to yield results. The Fc receptor assay using the ability of viable M. leprae to alter the membrane of the macrophage is well established. It takes only ten days and is inexpensive. In 6 cases of leprosy patients the susceptibility pattern was worked out both with the in vitro Fc receptor assay and the vivo in mouse foot method The results correlated very well leading to the fact that the assay system is reliable. Hence it can be used not only to study the status of a patient, but also to shortlist the number of compounds to be tested on the mouse foot pad as anti-leprosy drug candidates.Item Laboratory surveillance of chikungunya in Madhya Pradesh, India (2016-2017)(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2020-01) Joshi, P; Yadav, P; Mourya, D; Sahare, L; Ukey, M; Khedekar, R; Patil, D; Barde, PVBackground & objectives: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a neglected, re-emerging arboviral disease. Limited information on CHIK-confirmed cases during interepidemic period is available from India. This surveillance study was conducted in Madhya Pradesh (MP), India, during the years 2016-2017, to provide information about CHIK cases. Methods: Blood samples collected from patients suspected having CHIK were tested by immunoglobulin (Ig) IgM ELISA or real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for the detection of CHIK virus (CHIKV)-specific IgM antibodies or viral RNA, respectively. Partial envelope-1 gene sequencing was done. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 4019 samples tested, 494 (12.2%) were found positive for CHIKV infection. The positivity was detected in both rural and urban areas. The mean age of CHIK-positive cases was 33.12�.25 yr. Headache and joint pain were the most prominent symptoms, 34.6 per cent (171/494) of the CHIK cases required hospitalization and six patients with CHIKV infection died. The East/Central/South African genotype of CHIKV was found to be circulating in the study area. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study recorded a higher CHIK positivity during 2016-2017 in comparison to earlier reports from MP, India. A high proportion of CHIK cases required hospitalization and deaths were also reported, which indicated the severity of the disease in the study area. In-depth molecular analysis of the virus and other risk factors is essential to understand the trends in disease severity.Item A preliminary study of recombinant human interferon-α-2a activity against rabies virus in murine model.(2015-01) Roy, S; Patil, D; Ghadigaonkar, S; Roy, R; Mukherjee, S; Chowdhary, A; Deshmukh, RRabies remains an important public health problem in the world due to uncontrolled enzootic rabies. Although rabies associated fatalities may be prevented with timely immunoprophylaxis, but till date a therapeutic molecule has remained elusive. We investigated the role of rhuIFN α-2a in murine model challenged with rabies virus. Titre of 104.25 LD50/0.03 ml of 10% w/v RV CVS stock suspension were obtained. Based on 1LD50 titre, challenge dose of 50 LD50 was administered along with rhuIFN α-2a with pre-exposure (primed) and post-exposure with the rabies virus. Both showed increased survival time as compared with the virus controls. These fi ndings suggest that the rhuIFN α-2a might have some anti-viral activity, which can be used for the treatment of rabies infection. Further research on the effi cacy of interferon along with anti-viral drugs for the treatment will be helpful in designing combination therapy against the disease.Item Prevalence of influenza virus among the paediatric population in Mumbai during 2007-2009.(2012-04) Roy, S; Patil, D; Dahake, R; Mukherjee, S; Athlekar, S V; Deshmukh, R A; Chowdhary, APurpose: Influenza has a major impact on public heath, annually affecting 15-20% of the global population. Information on the activity of influenza virus in Mumbai is limited. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of influenza viruses causing acute respiratory infections in children by molecular methods. Objective: To study the prevalence of influenza viruses among the paediatric population in Mumbai by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: From July 2007 to July 2009, 100 respiratory samples (nasal and throat swabs) were collected from paediatric patients with acute respiratory symptoms. attending out patients department, and admitted to the paediatric wards of B. J. Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai. The samples were collected and processed as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Viral RNA was extracted and one-step rRT-PCR was performed to detect influenza type A (H1 and H3) and influenza type B virus. Results: Out of 100 samples processed by rRT-PCR, a total of 11 samples (11%) were positive for influenza virus. The typing for influenza A subtypes showed 1% (1) positivity for H1 and 5% (5) positivity for H3 subtypes and 5% (5) samples tested positive for influenza type B virus. Conclusion: It was observed that both influenza type A and B viruses were prevalent in Mumbai during the study period. Such surveillance data are important in the early detection of any antigenic variants that may be helpful in global influenza vaccine preparation and for any pandemic preparedness activity.Item Prevalence of leptospirosis among dogs and rodents and their possible role in human leptospirosis from Mumbai, India.(2014-01) Patil, D; Dahake, R; Roy, S; Mukherjee, S; Chowdhary, A; Deshmukh, RA total of 100 blood and 18 urine samples of rodents and suspected dogs were collected from Mumbai, India during 2006-2008. In order to determine the role of animals in transmission of the disease to humans, all the samples were screened retrospectively by real-time polymerase chain reaction for leptospiral DNA and antibodies were detected using microscopic agglutination test. Leptopsiral DNA was detected from two blood and fi ve urine samples from rodents. Of a total of 71 rodent and dog samples investigated for anti-Leptospira antibodies, 14 (19.7%) were positive. Pyrogenes was the predominant serovar found in 100.0% (7/7) and 85.7% (6/7) from suspected canine cases and rodents, respectively; followed by Icterohemorrhagiae, which was found in one rodent sample 14.28% (1/7). The study proves that there is high prevalence of leptospirosis in rodents and dogs in this region, which proves possible role of these animals in transmission of leptospires to humans. Hence it is imperative to necessary control measures to prevent human leptospirosis.