Browsing by Author "Agrawal, P"
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Item Abdominal epilepsy.(1989-07-01) Agrawal, P; Dhar, N K; Bhatia, M S; Malik, S CItem “Buffalo Hump” in a Female on Zidovudine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report.(2013-12) Agrawal, P; Gautam, A; Chandra, S; Aneez, A; Gupta, AItem Cimetidine induced psychosis.(1989-10-01) Bhatia, M S; Agrawal, P; Khastgir, U; Malik, S CItem Comparison of cefoxitin disc diffusion test, oxacillin screen agar, and PCR for mecA gene for detection of MRSA.(2009-01-28) Anand, K B; Agrawal, P; Kumar, S; Kapila, KCefoxitin is a potent inducer of the mecA regulatory system. It is being recommended for detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) when using disk diffusion testing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of cefoxitin disc diffusion test to characterize MRSA and compare it with oxacillin agar screening and detection of mecA gene by PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical samples were used in the study. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed including oxacillin disk. Oxacillin screen agar plates with 4% NaCl and 6 microg/ml of oxacillin were inoculated and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test was performed using 30 microg disc and zone sizes were measured. PCR for amplification of the mecA gene was performed. RESULTS: Out of the 50 isolates, 28 were found to be methicillin resistant by oxacillin disc diffusion test, 30 were resistant by oxacillin screen agar method, and 32 were resistant with cefoxitin disc diffusion. For these 32 isolates mecA gene was positive. CONCLUSION: Results of cefoxitin disc diffusion test is in concordance with the PCR for mecA gene. Thus, the test can be an alternative to PCR for detection of MRSA in resource constraint settings.Item Cotard's syndrome in migraine (a case report).(1993-06-01) Bhatia, M S; Agrawal, P; Malik, S CItem Differences in COVID-19 mortality in males and females: Is estrogen hormone attributing to sex differences?(Scientific Scholar, 2022-12) Garg, R; Agrawal, P; Purussnani, N; Gautam, A; Agrawal, M; Singh, A; Gupta, PrashantObjectives: Globally, the case fatality ratio is more in males versus females. Some studies have suggested estrogen hormone decreases susceptibility to SARS CoV-2. We have analyzed the observed sex differences in COVID-19 behavior in males and females and the clinical profiles of females of different age groups of COVID-19 patients and discussed their symptoms, laboratory evaluations, and associated comorbidities. Material and Methods: The patients were tested for COVID-19 through real-time RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. The data obtained were studied for the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics from their medical records. Results: The mortality rate in females was 12.33% (36/292) whereas mortality in males was 19.63% (84/428). In between group analysis, 8.7% (14/161) of females died in the <40 years age group versus 16.8% (22/131) in more than 40 years age group whereas in males, the mortality was 13.7% (21/153) in <40 years versus 22.9%(63/275). The mortality rate in women older than 40 years was greater than mortality in younger females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogen hormone in them. The proportion of patients who expired due to COVID-19 significantly differs by age cutoff of 40 years, X2 (1, n = 428). The difference is statistically significant at P < 0.05. Males more than 40 years are more likely to expire. Conclusion: Sex-related differences in coronavirus pandemic have been found pointing toward the protective role of estrogen hormone and other differences in immunological behavior in males and females. Downregulation of ACE2 expression, thereby reducing viral entry, might also be contributory to decreasing mortality in females.Item Effect of tobacco chewing by mothers on placental morphology.(1983-08-01) Agrawal, P; Chansoriya, M; Kaul, K KItem Fluconazole in the management of neonatal systemic candidiasis.(1996-10-01) Narang, A; Agrawal, P; Chakraborti, A; Kumar, POBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of Fluconazole in the management of neonatal systemic candidiasis. DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective analysis. SUBJECTS: 23 neonates diagnosed as systemic candidiasis based on clinical suspicion with blood and/or urine culture positive for candida were treated with Fluconazole (5 mg/kg/day) for > 7 days. RESULTS: Babies had mean birth weight 1590 + 533 g, mean gestation 32.3 + 3.1 wks and fungal sepsis was diagnosed at a mean age of 14.3 + 7.9 days. Candida albicans (43.5%), C. tropicalis (21.7%), C. guillermondii (13%), C. parapsillosis (13%) and C. krusei (8.7%) were the species isolated. Fluconazole was effective in 82.3% cases with no side effects. Four resistant cases were C. parapsillosis (n = 2), C. albicans (n = 1) and C. guillermondii (n = 1) and there were three deaths, all in resistant cases though one death was unrelated to candidemia. CONCLUSION: Fluconazole is a safe and effective drug for neonatal systemic candidiasis.Item Goldenhar syndrome.(1997-09-11) Lal, P; Agrawal, P; Krishna, AItem Immunoglobulin profile in acute psychiatric disorders.(1990-04-01) Bhatia, M S; Agrawal, P; Khurana, S K; Dhar, N K; Malik, S CIn a prospective study of 80 new female patients with acute psychiatric disorders (40 each with schizophrenia and major affective disorder), elevated (P less than 0.001) serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were found in comparison to healthy control groups matched for age and sex. In schizophrenic patients the mean levels of IgG (1682.76 mg/dl) and IgA (321.12 mg/dl) were found to be significantly more as compared to those in the control group (IgG-1213.18 mg/dl and IgA - 210.14 mg/dl). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia had significantly high mean serum levels of IgG (1896.86 mg/dl) and IgA (376.16 mg/dl) in comparison to other subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., catatonic, disorganized and undifferentiated). Mean serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in major affective disorder - mania (IgG 1526.36 mg/dl and IgA 382.16 mg/dl) and major depressive episode (IgG 2008.12 mg/dl and IgA 536.72 mg/dl) were found to be significantly higher as compared to those in the control group (IgG-920.21 mg/dl and IgA - 232.12 mg/dl).Item Immunoglobulin profile in schizophrenia.(1992-08-01) Bhatia, M S; Dhar, N K; Agrawal, P; Khurana, S K; Neena, B; Malik, S CThe present study was conducted on 40 new consecutive schizophrenic patients admitted in the psychiatry ward. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was done by Research Diagnosis Criteria (RDC). Serum immunoglobulins were were estimated in schizophrenic patients and were age and sex matched with 40 healthy individuals, comprising the control group. The IgG and IgA mean levels of schizophrenic patients were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the normal healthy individuals. There were however no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients and control group regarding total proteins, albumin and globulin levels. In subtypes of schinophrenia based on phenomenology only, paranoid group scored significantly higher (p < 0.01) IgG and IgA mean values than other types of Schizophrenia (catatonic, disorganised and undifferentiated).Item Incidence and nature of complications arising from chronic alcoholism in West Nepal.(2010-01) Kar, S M; Timsinha, S; Agrawal, PMedical complications caused by alcoholism are well documented. Alcoholism is among the leading causes of death in most parts of the world. However, many alcohol-related deaths go unreported, especially in developing countries. Nepal is no exception, and next to smoking, alcoholism is the most common preventable cause of death, especially in the western region. This study attempts to document the various common complications arising from chronic abuse of alcohol in this part of Nepal.Item Infantile Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) – An Unusual Presentation.(2016-07) Golhar, S; Madhura, A; Chauhan, Urmila; Agrawal, PHepatic tumours are relatively rare in children, accounting for 1% - 4% of all paediatric solid tumors, commonest amongst them are hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and vascular tumors (hemangioendothelioma/haemangiomas). Infantile Hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is classically characterised by hepatomegaly, jaundice, congestive cardiac failure with high cardiac output, skin haemangiomas, haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia(kasabach – Merritt syndrome), normal Alfafeto protein (AFP) levels and hypothyroidism. We report a case of infantile hemangioendothelioma in a 5 day old female neonate with high output cardiac failure, unusually high alpha-fetoproteins, thrombocytosis and polycythaemia, which posed a diagnostic dilemma. Diffuse IHHE is a rapidly growing benign tumor which can lead to poor clinical outcome if not identified early. Serum AFP can’t be relied to exclude IHHE.Item Infertility and psychosexual disorders: relationship in infertile couples.(2000-01-24) Jain, K; Radhakrishnan, G; Agrawal, P175 consecutive infertile couples were interviewed together and individually in accordance with a 25 point questionnaire. Amongst the males, premature ejaculations 66% was most common problem followed by erectile dysfunction 15%, decreased libido 11% and orgasmic failure 8%. Amongst females dyspareunia 58%, decreased libido 28% and orgasmic failure 14% were most common problems. Various type of misconceptions were also observed in the infertile couples. Lack of sexual awareness and education formed an important part of observations. Psychosexual dysfunction and infertility was found to occur, in a large number of couples, together in association. Most common cause for this problem seems to be ignorance and lack of sex education.Item Microspheres in cancer therapy.(2010-10) Rajput, M S; Agrawal, PCancer microsphere technology is the latest trend in cancer therapy. It helps the pharmacist to formulate the product with maximum therapeutic value and minimum or negligible range side effects. Cancer is a disease in which the abnormal cells are quite similar to the normal cells, with just minute genetic or functional change. A major disadvantage of anticancer drugs is their lack of selectivity for tumor tissue alone, which causes severe side effects and results in low cure rates. Thus, it is very difficult to target abnormal cells by the conventional method of the drug delivery system. Microsphere technology is probably the only method that can be used for site-specific action, without causing significant side effects on normal cells. This review article describes various microspheres that have been prepared or formulated to exploit microsphere technology for targeted drug therapy in various cancers. We looked at the usefulness of microspheres as a tool for cancer therapy. The current review has been done using PubMed and Medline search with keywords.Item Myriad manifestations of dengue fever: Analysis in retrospect(International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019-01) Agrawal, P; Gautam, A; Jose, R; Farooqui, M; Doneria, JBackground: Dengue is a viral disease which has grown dramatically over the years and has emerged as a public health issue requiring intervention to curb its spread. Favorable environment, abundance of vector, and lack of hygiene are leading to unprecedented spread of the disease. Objectives: The objectives were to study the prevalence of various manifestations of dengue fever. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, during the outbreak from August to November 2015. During the study period, we observed a total of 131 patients. The serology included dengue immunoglobulin (Ig)-M, IgG, and non-structural protein 1 antigen. This study is a hospital-based retrospective study. All the data were expressed in percentage. Results: In this study, we found that cutaneous manifestation was seen in 22.9%, bleeding manifestation in 21.37%, polyserositis in 20.61%, fever in all patients 100%, thrombocytopenia platelet count <10,000 in 71.67%, organomegaly in 25.19%, and gallbladder wall thickening in 6.1%. Atypical manifestation such as hepatic coma, acute respiratory distress, seizure, and chest pain (myocarditis) was also seen in some patients. In this study, 62.59% affected patients were young male in the age group of 21 to 50 year thus it showed that dengue is more prevalent in young male population. Conclusion: The problem of dengue is ginormous in our country; the problem is multiplied due to humongous population, poor hygiene, lack of medical and diagnostic facilities, inadequate vector control measures, and lack of awareness among the population. Hence, future studies should be aimed to identify various atypical manifestations as well as early treatment protocols for timely intervention so as to halt the disease progression.Item Role of doctors in prevention of torture.(1999-11-19) Sobti, J C; Makkar, S P; Agrawal, P; Aggarwal, PTorture is taking place since time immemorial. Doctors can take important part in elimination of this social evil. Torture is deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons to force another person or torture victim to make confession or giving information. Torture happens to occur in 3 forms--physical, mental and/or sexual. Doctors working in prisons, police or paramilitary/military forces are most likely to confront with torture and they should follow the medical ethics, codes and conventions in true sense. MCI, IMA, WMA should play their role in educating, motivating and supporting doctors in confronting torture. NHRC and IMA should co-operate each other to protect human rights.Item Startle epilepsy--a case report.(1991-05-01) Agrawal, P; Bhatia, M S; Dhar, N K; Malik, S CItem Study of the clinical profile and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in patients with chronic kidney disease(International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2019-07) NP; Chahar, RS; Pursnani, Ml; Gautam, A; Agrawal, P; Jain, A; Pal, KBackground: Uremic milieu associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and GI bleeding. Objective: The present study intended to ascertain the prevalence of various upper GI (UGI) symptoms and UGI endoscopic abnormalities in patients of CKD. Materials and Methods: Patients were stratified according to glomerular filtration rate and their respective GI symptoms score was determined and they were subjected to UGI endoscopy. Results: Thirty males and 24 females of CKD were compared with equal number of control group who have normal kidney function but may or may not have UGI disturbance. The severity of CKD correlated with high GI symptom score with maximum number of patients in dialyzed CKD subgroup. Anorexia followed by nausea and abdominal pain was dominant symptoms in the study group. On endoscopic evaluation, hiatus hernia and duodenitis were significantly more prevalent in the study group over the control group. Conclusion: Based on these observations, this study supports the routine usage of UGI endoscopy in evaluation of CKD patients.Item Valproic acid.(1991-08-01) Sharma, M; Agrawal, P