International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150267

Editor: Dr. Kalpesh Gaur

ISSN: 0975-248X

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://ijpsdr.com/index.htm>

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 120

Evaluation Of Mutagenic And Antimutagenic Activity Of Methanol Extract Of Cousinia Thomsonii Against Cyclophosphamide
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-01) Khan, I. S.; Bashir, K.; Gulzar, N.; Bhat, Y. M.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of Cousinia thomsonii (CT) extract in bone marrow cells of male wistar rats using some important parameters like micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MnPCE), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and polychromatic erythrocyte to normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE). 30 male rats of wistar strain were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats each group. Group 1 rats were taken as negative control having free access to distilled water and rat feed. Group 2 rats were taken as positive control treated with mutagen cyclophosphamide (CP) at dose of 60 mg/kg b wt. for 2 days. Group 3 and 4 were treated with CT extract at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt. for 20 days. Group 5 and 6 were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt of CT extract for first 18 days and for last 2 days with CP at dose concentration of 60 mg/kg. It was found that rats treated with CT extract alone did not produce any significant changes in MnPCE, PCE/NCE ratio, CA and MI when compared with control treated rats (group 1). However in group 5 and 6 rats treated with CT extract in combination with CP a protective effect was observed against the cyclophosphamide induced cellular mutagenicity. In concluding remark Cousinia thomsonii was found to show antigenotoxic potential and also produce protective antimutagenic effects against CP induced chromosomal damage.
Design, Development And Characterization Of Curcumin Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Parkinson’s Disease
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-01) Choudhary, S.; Jain, M.; Islam, M.
Curcumin being component of Curcuma longa is a natural polyphenol. Observing on a chemical level, curcumin is a natural polyphenol which is denominated (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene3,5-dione) which is usually extracted through the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Structurally, it is composed of a trio of chemical identities on a molecular level: dual aromatic ring system. The objective of the research was to design, development and characterization of herbal drug loaded albumin nanoparticles to cure parkinson’s disease for improving and increasing the therapeutic efficacy and also reducing the frequency of dose. The optimized formulations were obtained after applying the design of experiment which was Box Behnken method where three independent variables; polymer concentration, stirring time, crosslinker concentration were selected. Curcumin nanoparticles loaded with albumin were formulated by ph coacervation method in which ethanol was used as desolvating agent along with a cross linking agent (Glutaraldehyde) and albumin as the polymer. The particle size and polydispersity index of curcumin loaded albumin nanoparticles was measured via dynamic light scattering technique. Drug release research conducted using in vitro method over the duration of 24 hours. Ex vivo drug release study of the albumin nanoparticles was performed using nasal membrane of goat. It has been shown that in case of hydrophilic matrices, swelling of polymer occurs followed by release of drug by diffusion which was best explained by Korsmeyer- peppas equation, which indicates drug release through diffusion which occurs by swelling of polymer matrix and remained constant throughout the release of drug in body. By virtue of particle size, the designed nanoparticles effortlessly goes into the nasal mucosa.
Development Of Microemulsion Formulation For Oral Delivery Of Rosuvastatin Calcium
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-01) Paliwal, H.; Solanki, R. S.; Chauhan, C. S.
The purpose of conducting this study was to prepare an oral microemulsion formulation of Rosuvastatin calcium (RC) to improve its water solubility. Oil in water microemulsion was formulated using Oleic acid, Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol-400(PEG-400) as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The ideal proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) was chosen by constructing pseudoternary diagrams. The microemulsion formulations which proved to be stable after thermodynamic stability testing were further evaluated for physical characteristics. Selected formulations were evaluated for droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity and % drug content. The results were suggestive that optimized microemulsion formulation (F2) was thermodynamically stable and clear having a droplet size of 74.29 nm and zeta potential of -18.44. In vitro dissolution study for optimized microemulsion was performed using a dialysis bag method and cumulative % drug release was determined. The result from the release study was indicative of improved solubility of Rosuvastatin calcium which may serve to boost up the oral bioavailability of drug.
In Silico Screening Of Zinc Database For Discovery Of Novel Urease Inhibitors As A Remedy To Gastro-Duodenal Ulcer Caused By Helicobacter Pylori
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-01) Chopdar, K. S.; Mohapatra, P. K.; Nayak, B.; Raval, M. K.
Design and synthesis of novel urease inhibitors taking center stage now days with specific attention as a remedy to Helicobacter pylori infection. A number of inhibitors fail in vivo and in clinical trial owing to the toxicity and hydrolytic profile. In the present study, we are making an attempt to screen a large small molecule database, ZINC, for a potential urease inhibitor. The structure based drug discovery approach has been adopted with acceptable ADMET parameters so that the lead molecules may have fair chances of passing in vitro and in vivo trails. The lead molecule in our study, with ID ZINC90446454 is a urea derivative and predicted to be nontoxic. It comes out to be a promising drug candidate with pKd value 7.83, LE 0.429 and LD50 value 10100 mg/kg body weight. Its sulfanyl derivative, with predicted high LD50 (10100 mg/kg body weight), exhibits the feasibility of a disulfide covalent bond with Cys321 in the active site. The derivative may serve as a novel covalent inhibitor with high specificity, high potency and low toxicity. The derivative, in future, may be a successful drug candidate for H. pylori induced gastro-duodenal ulcer.
Protective effect of Barringtonia racemosa Ethyl Acetate Fraction against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Patel, R. B.; Patil, K. R.
Cisplatin is a major antineoplastic drug for the treatment of solid tumors. Nephrotoxicity is dose- limiting side effect associated with clinical use of cisplatin. The present study was executed to determine whether bartogenic acid containing fraction of Barringtonia racemosa fruits (BREAF) possesses a nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, the study was also aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect of BREAF. The BREAF was orally administered at the doses of (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) for five consecutive days following single dose administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Treatment of animals with cisplatin resulted into the significant body weight changes, oxidative stress, elevated levels of serum biomarkers and histological alterations in the kidney architecture. The BREAF administration reduced relative body weight and organ weight changes in cisplatin-treated rats. The BREAF exhibited nephroprotective effect through the significant reduction of cisplatin-induced rise in the serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as renal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) the makers of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the treatment with BREAF resulted into the increased renal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. Histopathological examination established the nephroprotective effect of BREAF. In conclusion, the anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of BREAF has important role underlying its nephroprotective effect.
Formulation And Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films Incorporated With Ramipril and β-Cyclodextrin Complex
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Nirmala, P.
Abstract Ramipril being ACE inhibitor belongs to BCS class II drug with low solubility and undergoes first-pass metabolism that leads to reduced bioavailability of 28%. The current research is aimed at formulating and evaluating ramipril fast dissolving oral films (FDOF). Solubility enhancement of ramipril was done by formation of inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin in 3 ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2). Based on higher drug content and dissolution values the physical mixture of ramipril with β-cyclodextrin in 1:1 ratio (IC2) was chosen for further studies. Total 12 formulations of ramipril FDOF containing IC2 prepared with various polymers and evaluated for physicochemical properties. The optimized formulation F9 shown better tensile strength (11.6 g/cm2), significant % elongation (9.8) and maximum % drug content of 99.98 %. The formulation F9 exhibited minimum disintegration time of 9 sec that is desirable for immediate onset of action and maximum drug release. The FTIR data of F9 assured the compatibility of drug and formulation excipients, found to be stable for 180 days at accelerated conditions. The study confirmed that ramipril FDOF lead to quicker onset of action and enhanced therapeutic efficiency in comparison to marketed product.
Design and Evaluation of Lovastatin Solid Dispersions Incorporated Trilayer Matrix Tablets
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Shanthi Priya, C.; Reddy, T. R.
The current work is aimed to design, prepare and evaluate the trilayer matrix tablets incorporated with lovastatin solid dispersion (SD) for extend drug release. The lovastatin SD prepared by using solvent evaporation technique with varying amounts of polymers (GMS II, Soluplus, Kolliphor ELP, PEG 2000 and Urea) for enhancing the drug solubility. All the formulations examined for physicochemical parameters are within the permissible limits. The optimized SD formulation was incorporated into trilayer matrix tablets which were prepared using different polymers (HPMC 15M & K100M, Chitosan, xanthan gum) by direct compression method for sustaining the drug release. The drug dissolution of optimized lovastatin SD formulation SD15 (drug, soluplus and SLN) was 99.88±5.32% within 60 min which is higher than pure drug 47.33±2.25% and other formulations. The FT-IR, XRD and SEM data assure the compatibility of drug and excipients and amorphous nature of lovastatin. The solid dispersions were further incorporated in to trilayer matrix tablets with active layer and barrier layers. Eight formulations of lovastatin trilayer matrix tablets (AF9-HF9) designed and checked for pre compression parameters. Formulation GF9 demonstrated highest drug release of 99.41±5.28% for 24 hours sustainably over an extended period of time and excellent flow properties. The release order kinetics data indicate the zero order release with highest R2 of 0.9957 for GF9, superior than market extended release formulation (R2=0.9934). All the formulations showed best fit to Higuchi model and Korsmeyer-Peppa’s model indicating diffusion and non-Fickian diffusion process of drug release. GF90 was found to be stable for 180 days at accelerated conditions. Hence the solubility, dissolution rate of lovastatin was enhanced by SD technique further incorporated in to trilayer matrix tablets for sustainable extended drug release upto 24 h.
Enhancement of Solubility And Dissolution Profile of Clopidogrel By Various Solid Dispersion Formulations
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Khader, M. A.; Salfi, R.
The present research is aimed at enhancing solubility and drug dissolution of clopidogrel (CPG) used as oral antiplatelet agent by employing solid dispersion (SD) technique. Total 40 SDs formulated with drug: polymers (pluronic F127, poloxamer 407, labrafil PG, PEG 6000, gelucire 50/13), in varying ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) of which CPG1 to CPG20 and CPG21 to CPG40 prepared by adopting solvent evaporation method fusion (melt) method respectively. The formulation CPG40 containing pluronic F127 as polymer showed highest solubility of 6.57±0.04 mg/ml) that is 45 folds than pure drug. Similar results reflected in the dissolution studies where CPG40 containing CPG: pluronic F127 in 1:4 ratio showed maximum % drug content, % practical yield and drug dissolution of 99.14% in 60 minutes when compared with other formulations and pure drug (32.76%) obtained by fusion melt method. From FTIR studies the optimized formulation CPG40 showed the compatibility between drug and polymers. XRD and SEM studies showed CPG40 exists in amorphous form that fetched in better drug release from the SD formulation in comparison to pure drug.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Venkatesan, S.; Somasundaram, A.; Rengaraj, S.
In this research work to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits. The chemical fingerprinting was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography. It was carried out by the CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V sample applicator, twin through plate development chamber, TLC scanner III and integration software WIN CATS-4.02. Physalis peruviana fruit extract was tested for phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant enzymes like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Physalis peruviana fruit extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various major phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins and anthraquinones. The HPTLC fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of quercetin. Physalis peruviana fruit extract will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for understanding their mechanism of action as antioxidants.
Liposome Encapsulated Astaxanthin Altered Biochemical Profile In Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) Induced Hepato Carcinoma On Swiss Albino Mice
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Suganya V.
Cancer is a disease in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably by disregarding the normal rules of cell division. Across several cancers, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in worldwide. It is held responsible for up to 1 million deaths globally per annum. HCC is an inflammation-related cancer, as a chronic inflammatory state is necessary for cancer appearance. In this study, the drug astaxanthin and encapsulated astaxanthin was tested against HCC. Mice were divided into 7 groups; Group I: control, Group II: DEN induced, Group III: DEN + 50 mg/kg astaxanthin, Group IV: DEN + 100 mg/kg astaxanthin, Group V: DEN + 50 mg/kg encapsulated astaxanthin, Group VI: DEN + 100 mg/kg encapsulated astaxanthin, Group VII: DEN + 10 mg/kg sorafenib. Regular diet was given. Body weight, Food intake, water intake was noted. Other biochemical parameters such as ALP, AST, Albumin, proteins and TNF-α was determined. Finally, the liver was removed from each mice of different group by sacrificing them and histopathology was done. In vivo evaluation in mice models showed significant antitumor activities by both encapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin at 100 mg/kg as compared with the control, DEN induced group and positive drug sorafenib. This research suggested that encapsulated astaxanthin can also be used as chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
In-Silico Study Of Molecular Properties, Bioactivity And Toxicity Of 2-(Substituted Benzylidene)Succinic Acids And Some Selected Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Kuchana, M.
Succinic acid and its derivatives have many important uses, especially in pharmaceutical and polymer industry. The 2-(substituted benzylidene)succinic acids also known as substituted phenylitaconic acids are utilized in the synthesis of some lignans, lignanamides and renin inhibitors. In view of this, the present in-silico study aimed to calculate the molecular properties, bioactivity score and toxicity of several benzylidenesuccinic acids as well as some selected anti-inflammatory drugs by computational methods. The study revealed that all the compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five, indicating drug likeness properties. The bioactivity data revealed that the 2-(substituted benzylidene)succinic acids were active as Nuclear receptor ligands, Enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands and Ion channel modulators. Among all, 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)succinic acid was predicted as non-toxic with better in-silico molecular properties and bioactivity as Nuclear receptor ligand, Enzyme inhibitor, GPCR ligand, Ion channel modulator and Protease inhibitor compared to some of the predicted anti-inflammatory drugs.
Formulation Evaluation And Optimization Of Chitosan Coated Ceftriaxone Loaded Microparticles
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-01) Jain, M.; Choudhary, S.; Islam, M.
Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic is an important antibiotic used in the treatment of invasive infections caused by the certain bacteria such as the penicillin-resistant microorganisms like Staphyloccocus aureus, strains of S. pneumonia, S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae , particularly among E. coli. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance of Ceftriaxone in particular against these strains of bacteria. This study has been conducted to formulate, evaluate and optimize chitosan coated ceftriaxone loaded microparticles with better efficacy and also observes the MIC against strains of bacteria. Emulsion crosslinking method was used for the formulation of microparticles of ceftriaxone by using chitosan as a polymer and glutraldehyde as a cross linking agent which is optimized by using Box-Behnken Design. Three independent variables were taken; effect of drug and the polymer ratio, effect of the stirring speed and effect of crosslinking agent and dependent variables were microparticles entrapment efficiency and the In vitro drug release. Following optimization of the formulations, physical characterization as well as entrapment efficiency and ultimately in-vitro evaluation was performed. Physical characterization include optical microscopy, SEM and DLS to check there physical properties. The method used for the formulation of microparticle had the optimum entrapment efficiency of 61.7% which was increase with the increase in the addition of the more amount of chitosan and glutraldehyde and method also achieved the good in vitro release. MIC studies of microparticles were done against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and it was found that the formulations showed decrease in MIC.
Application Of Central Composite Design For Citalopram Hydrogen Bromide Mouth Dissolving Films
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Rohini Reddy, S.
Citalopram is an antidepressant used for treating major depressive disorder. In the current work Citalopram HBr is formulated as mouth dissolving film with enhanced drug dissolution. The Central Composite Design (CCD), employed to examine the effects of amount of HPMC E50 (A), amount of maltodextrin (B) and amount of glycerol (C) on response variables tensile strength, disintegration time and cumulative % drug release. 27 formulations prepared according to CCD and evaluated for physicochemical parameters and in vitro dissolution studies. Citalopram HBr mouth dissolving films formulated by employing solvent-casting method using HPMC E50, maltodextrin and glycerol, optimized for the effective dosage of superdisintegrants. The formulation CF21 with maximum tensile strength of 67.21±1.31 gm, least disintegration time of 9±1.60 sec and highest drug release of 98.41±1.81% is chosen optimal formulation with maximum content uniformity and folding endurance. It is evident from the above results that the developed formulation can be an innovative dosage form to improve the drug delivery, quick onset of action as well as improve patient compliance in the effective management of depression.
Protective Effect Of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Of Dried Fruits Of Helicteres Isora In Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Induced Ulcerative Colitis In Experimental Wistar Rats.
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Murudkar, P.
Ulcerative colitis is a most common form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which mainly affect colon. The treatment of ulcerative colitis depends upon severity of the diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of dried fruits of Helicteres isora in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in experimental wistar rats. In this study wistar rats of either sex were divided into five experimental groups, where control group recived only distilled water. Group 2 was negative control group which received 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) from drinking water between 15th to 21st day. Group 3 received low dose of hydroalcholic extract of Helicteres isora (HI) at a dose 100mg/kg orally along with 4% DSS from drinking water between from drinking water between 15th to 21st day. Group 4 received high dose of hydroalcholic extract of Helicteres isora (HI) at a dose 200mg/kg orally along with 4% DSS from drinking water between from drinking water between 15th to 21st day. In group 5 sulfasalazine was used as a standard drug at a dose 100mg/kg orally along with 4% DSS from drinking water between from drinking water between 15th to 21st day. Twenty four hours after treatment animals were sacrificed and further macroscopical, biochemical, histopathological evaluation was done and all the results were compare with control at p<0.05 significant value.
An Optimization Of Sterically Stabilized Liposome Using Design Of Experiment Approach
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Patel, N.; Patel, D.
Purpose: Recently, drug delivery system with controlled and targeted drug release at the tumor sites emerged as an attractive option for improving anticancer therapeutics. Advanced Nano therapeutics must not be limited to nano scale but should find their way to target the solid tumor via direct or indirect way. Pegylation on the surface of liposome helps to become liposome as long circulating and indirect or passive targeting to tumor. Purpose of this study is to develop and optimize the critical process parameters which plays important role in the quality pegylated liposome. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to study the impact of critical process variables like hydration temperature, extrusion process temperature, ethanol concentration, drug loading temperature and drug loading time.
Screening Of In Vitro Antiviral Activity Of Purified Terpenoid Extracts Of Selected Sea Weeds Against Chikungunya Virus
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Sumayya , S. S.; Lubaina, A. S.; Murugan, K.
Currently, the search of novel phytochemicals with unique biological potentialities is a pre-requisite for the designing ideal drugs for the human kind. Sea weeds are bioresources with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties with minimal side effects. Kerala, the Southern state of India reported high incidence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the last several tears. No specific virucidal therapy or effective vaccines are available. This emphasizes the need of searching for phytochemicals as drugs with less cost and more effective. Therefore, an attempt was made in screening purified terpenoid extracts of selected sea weeds as anti-CHIKV potential. In this study the terpenoids composition from the red algae Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracillaria dura were identified and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography- Mass spectrum. The methanolic extract of seaweeds was purified by column chromatography and each fraction was eluted by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvent combination. The analysis of the purified fraction of H. musciformis and K. alvarezii revealed the presence of 8 terpenoid fractions, and G. dura showed only 4 major components respectively. Vero cell lines were employed in the antiviral assays, infected to CHIKV, and treated with varied doses of purified terpenoid extracts. In the antiviral activity, terpenoid extracts of G. dura showed remarkable and promising EC50 inhibitory effect at 1.25 μg/ml. Further, the terpenoid extracts displayed efficient virucidal activity against CHIKV (inhibit around 90%) with 5 μg/ml dosage. As the last phase, terpenoid extracts added at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3 post-infection periods still maintained a significant inhibitory potential against CHIKV viral replication. Thus, the overall study suggests that the terpenoid extracts of G. dura may be effectively used in the prevention and treatment of CHIKV infections. Clinical studies may be warranted for designing a promising new anti-CHIKV drug.
In Vitro Antioxidant Potentiality Of Purified Anthocyanin From Floral Petals Of Wild Balsam Species
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Arathy, R.; Murugan, K.; Dinesh Babu, K.; Manoj, G.
Phenolics are the largest group of phytochemicals ubiquitous in plant species with considerable interest economically. Recently, search of novel polyphenols increasingly becomes an area of intensive pharmacological research due to their multiple bioactive features such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory potentialities. Anthocyanins are flavonoid group of polyphenols, a group predominant in flowers, fruits and vegetables. The flavonoids, perhaps the unique single group of phenolics in foods, comprise a group of over 4200 C15 aromatic molecules with multiple structural patterns. The functions of anthocyanins as medicinal have been well-accepted in folk medicine throughout the world. In fact, these molecules are connected to an amazingly broad-based range of health benefits. In this juncture, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of purified anthocyanin from wild balsam species. Initially, anthocyanin was extracted from floral leaves of wild balsam species and purified by chromatographic techniques. Subsequently, it was subjected to NMR and LC MS analysis. The major fractions identified were hesperidin, dimethoxy antirrhinin and trimethoxy antirrhinin. Further, the anthocyanin extracts were subjected to in vitro protocols like 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, DPPH scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), beta carotene bleaching assay, metal chelating and H2O2 scavenging power. Interestingly, ABTS, FRAP analyzes yielded significant results as compared to others. The data were comparable with that of synthetic antioxidants like ascorbate and catechin. Meanwhile, beta carotene and H2O2 scavenging assay showed moderate results. DPPH and metal chelating protocols displayed the values 71% and 64% respectively at 25 µg/ml concentration. This study provides model systems for the evaluation of natural antioxidants like anthocyanin. Future in vivo clinical studies are warranted to confirm the obtained data.
Carboxymethylation Of Karaya Gum: Application In Gastroretentive Drug Delivery For Sustained Release Of Model Drug
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-05) Verma, A.; Sachan, N.; Verma, A.
Karaya gum (KG) is one of the least soluble of the gums. It does not dissolve in water to give a clear solution but instead absorbs water rapidly to form viscous colloidal sols. Carboxymethylation of Karaya gum is expected to improve its aqueous solubility and gelling behavior. Another objective of the research is to evaluate the potential of carboxymethylated Karaya gum (CMKG) as drug release modulator (in acidic dissolution medium) when combined with HPMC K15M based polymeric matrices bearing Propranolol HCl. In the present study, KG was carboxymethylated using Williamson Ether synthesis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of CMKG. The prepared CMKG was used in conjunction with HPMC K15M as a polymer matrix in the formulation capsule dosage form, using Propranolol HCl as model drug. The filled capsules were then coated with Gelucire 43/01 to convert them into hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsule dosage form. Dextrose & fructose were also added to the drug-polymer mix as osmogen to facilitate the drug release. The degree of substitution of CMKG was found to be 0.87. HBS capsule dosage forms remained buoyant on 0.1 HCl for up to 6 hr, the buoyancy was attributed to the Gelucire 43/01 coating around the capsule shell. From the experimentation it was observed that CMKG, when mixed with HPMC K15M at 1:3 ratios, extended the release of model drug from HBS capsule dosage forms in 0.1 HCl. At CMKG: HPMC K15M ratio 2:1, release of Propranolol Hydrochloride from hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsules revealed fast drug release in 0.1 HCl. From the observations it is evident that KG is amenable to carboxymethylation to form CMKG. It is also evident that it is advantageous to combine CMKG with HPMC K15M as release modulator to retard the release of Propranolol HCl in acidic dissolution medium.
Antioxidant And Cardiac Enzyme Marker Studies Of Thevetia Peruviana Seed Hydro-Methanol Extract In Wistar Male Albino Rats
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Nettilamkuzhiyil, N.
Thevetia peruviana seed kernels are used for suicide attempts in many countries centuries back. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of toxicity exposure of seed kernels by acute and subacute studies on male wistar rats taking antioxidant enzyme levels in the vital organs like liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues myocardial marker enzyme levels in serum. Results revealed that antioxidant enzyme (SOD, GPX, GSH) levels was normal in the lower groups (25, 50 mg/kg), but drastic hike was observed in CKMB and LDH cardiac biomarker enzyme levels in 100 mg/ kg groups. In the liver tissues of group IV animals a significant dose dependent increase was observed in the activities of SOD (3.15 ± 0.58), GPx (46.55 ± 4.79) and GSH activity (18.20 ± 0.56). In kidney homogenates SOD and GSH level showed a statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) elevation, but the increase in GPx level shown by group IV animals (41.50 ± 7.04) was significant (p < 0.05) The activities of SOD in brain homogenates were increased significantly in group III (2.17 ± 0.24) and group IV (2.51 ± 0.27) animals. The GPx enzyme level also increased dose dependently (p < 0.01), but the level of GSH was found an insignificant hike. The heart, supposed to be the most adversely affected organ on cardiac glycoside administration, showed undisturbed values of enzyme levels. A noticeable elevation was observed in the serum CKMB and LDH enzyme levels in a dose dependent manner, but the extract did affect only the higher dosed animals (100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05), In contrary to that, tissue homogenates of subacute animals under study showed a markedly significant hike in both CKMB and LDH levels. In conclusion, the level of toxicity and safety margin is very narrow, and the seeds really take lives of organisms, whose intake is accidentally or deliberately.
Development Of Bioanalytical Standardization Parameters Of Alocasia Indica Tuber By Hptlc Technique
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020-05) Aneshwari, R. K.; SAHU, A. K.; Vyas, A.; JAIN, V.
Alocasia indica is perennial herb growing widely and used as traditional medicine in India, China and Bangladesh. The divine herb has potent medicinal values for the treatment of different type of illnesses. The HPTLC techniques were used to separate active components from ethanolic extract of tuber part of A. indica. This examination was intended to designed a HPTLC fingerprint profile of crude extract of the plant in ethanol. A HPTLC method for the isolation of various active constituents in A. indica ethanolic extract have been developed and solvent system for quercetin the mobile phase used was toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:2:1) and for analysis of β-sitosterol the mobile phase used was chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:1) . In the present investigation, HPTLC fingerprint of extract of dried tuber part of A. indica have been performed and the results demonstrated that important information for standardization. The HPTLC system for routine quality control of present species can be used for ethanolic extract and serve in qualitative, quantitative and was appropriate for standardization of the plant.

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