Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand
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Item Apple Cider Vinegar and Muscle and Arthritis Pain : A Case Report(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Jintakorn KuvatanasuchatiThis review’s object was to present the experience which the author had from using apple cider vinegar to alleviate muscle pain. Pubmed and websites were searched. And some information was evidence from the author’s personal experience. Using apple cider vinegar to alleviative muscle pain, the author has saved the health care cost of expensive drugs. The vinegar helped reducing the use of anti-inflammatory drugs which a physician prescribed for one time, consequently decreased side effects of the drugs. Later the medications were not needed for pain. Beter health was obtained from using the vinegar. In conclusion, this article may be useful to a dentist who has muscle pain and arthritis and anyone else who has the pain.Item Item Author Index J Dent Assoc Thai, 1-4, 2008(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Patita BhuridejItem Biofilms in Dental Unit Waterlines(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-21) Ruchanee AmpornaramvethBiofilms are community of microorganisms that naturally occur in aquatic environments including dental unit waterlines (DUWL). Biofilms in DUWL harbor microorganisms that can eventually be transmitted to patients and dental health care workers. Although microorganisms found in DUWL’s biofilms are mostly weakly pathogenic, some of them can cause opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. There have been efforts to standardize the quality of water from DUWL in several countries. Usually they are based on drinking water standard by which degree of bacterial contamination of less than 200 CFU/ml is considered suitable for human consumption. Many methods for decontaminating DUWL have been proposed. Unfortunately, no currently available single approach can effectively eliminate biofilms. Therefore, it would be necessary to employ combination of methods; for example using anti-retraction valve to prevent retrograde aspiration of oral fluids, flushing of DUWL at the start of each clinic day and between each patient, drying DUWL at night and on weekend, using filter or independent water reservoir filled with sterile water, and the use of chemical disinfectants. Future developments in DUWL technology that prevent biofilms development or DUWL decontamination system which can be integrated into the dental unit are eagerly awaited.Item Bond Strengths of Self-Etch Adhesives to Enamel Measured Immediately and 24 Hours after Placement(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-09-01) Vanthana Sattabanasuk; Tanit Jirabundansuk; Nath NuntaratpunIn clinical situations, the bonded interface between tooth substrate and resin-based composite is inevitably subjected to stresses immediately after its placement. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the bond strengths of two self-etch adhesives to enamel measured immediately and 24 hours after placement. Intact, non-carious, non-restored human permanent molars were mesio-distally sectioned into halves. Each half was mounted into stone plaster with middle enamel surface exposed to the environment. The enamel surfaces were ground flat with abrasive paper and restored with resin-based composite using either Clearfil Tri-S Bond or Clearfil SE Bond. Microshear bond strengths were assessed immediately or 24 hours later. Bond strength data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The fractured surfaces were observed under stereomicroscope and failure mode frequencies were compared using the Chi-square test. Representative enamel surfaces after each adhesive treatment were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). No statistically significant difference in shear bond strengths was detected between the two adhesives (p = .224);however, significantly lower values were revealed at the time immediately after resin-based composite placement (p \< .001) as compared to 24 hours later. Immediately after placement, Clearfil Tri-S Bond specimens were more likely to have failure pathway in adhesive layer than Clearfil SE Bond specimens (p = .001). Under SEM observations, both adhesives created rough enamel surfaces after treatments with acidic monomers.From the results of this study, it can be concluded that enamel bonding effectiveness of both self-etch adhesives was not different; however from each other, shear bond strengths measured immediately were shown to be lower than those measured 24 hours afterward.Item Child Rearing Process Related to Oral Health of 0-3 Year-old Children: Case Studies in a Community in Thepa District, Songkhla Province(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-09-01) Angkana Thearmontree; Sunisa Wongsanmai; Jaranya Hunsrisakhun; Suleemarn Narumol WongsuphapEarly childhood caries (ECC) is an important problem at the national and community levels of Thailand. Not only ECC is related to the biological factors, but it is also related to social and cultural factors which influencing child rearing process. The objective of this study was to study social and cultural factors that influence child rearing process related to the oral health of children aged 0-3 years in Thai-Buddhist and Thai-Muslim rubber plant growers’ community in one village in Thepa district, Songkhla province. A qualitative study using case studies method was performed. Nine families (4 Thai-Buddhist and 5 Thai-Muslim families) were included in the study. The results showed that social and cultural factors influencing child rearing process in this community included: 1) the “Forty release” value,causing short breast feeding period in Thai–Buddhists (20 days to 5 months), 2) “Respect of the elderly” value, influencing their child rearing process to follow the beliefs and practices of their mothers and ancestors, and 3) the belief that “Right breast is tissue, left breast is water”, causing the mothers to not realize the need for having their children drink water after drinking their breast milk. In addition, the way of life of the rubber plant growers made mothers have less time to take care of their children between early morning and noon because they had to work in the rubber plantations. The easy access to the grocery store in the village and the giving of snacks to the children by their siblings and relations influenced frequent snack consumption of children. These factors were not significantly different between Thai-Buddhists and Thai-Muslims except the value of “Forty release”, which influenced Thai-Buddhists more than Thai-Muslims in this study. The limitation of this study was that few case studies in only one small village were included in the study. Therefore, it cannot be generalized, but it may be transferable to a similar population. However, the results of this study indicate that the influence of social and cultural factors on the child-rearing process should be considered when conducting preventive and promotive oral health programs for children aged 0-3 years. Further qualitative studies in other communities and quantitative studies with larger sample sizes are suggested.Item Concomitant Oligodontia and Supplemental Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Case Report(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Jinda LersirivorakulSimultaneous presence of hypodontia and hyperdontia, also called oligo-pleiodontia, is a rare condition. A case with the absence of all second premolars and mandibular first molars along with the presence of a supplemental lateral incisor has not previously been reported. This paper aimed to report the clinical and radiographic findings of a 9-year-old female who presented a supplemental left lateral incisor coexisting with oligodontia which involved the absence of the right maxillary first premolar, all permanent second premolars, both mandibular first molars and the right second molar. Comprehensive dental treatment plan was also discussed. The results suggested that concomitant oligodontia and hyperdontia can result in several clinical problems which may require multidisciplinary approach and long-term dental care.Item Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dentistry(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-21) Preeyaporn SrimawongCone beam computed tomography is an extraoral radiography. The cone beam computed tomography radiograph demonstrates the relationship of interested tissue in all three planes and can be reformatted image in three dimensions, which could not be done by other conventional radiographs. This imaging modality is very useful in many dental diagnoses and treatment plannings, for example, dental implant, oral surgery and diagnosis of pathology of the temporomandibular joint and the jaw bone. A cone beam computed tomography machine has been developed by many companies. Each machine has a different specification, but all can be controlled by computer system. Using this system, the image acquisition is done in a short time. However, cone beam computed tomography has the limitation of soft tissue lesion scanning and it produces a relatively high radiation dose to the patient as compared to a conventional radiograph. Therefore, appropriate selection of the patient for using cone beam computed tomography for each patient should be considered.Item Consent to the Medical Treatment: Legal Effects of the Dentist’s Liability for Wrongful Act and Criminal Liability(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-21) Decha ThamtadawiwatPatient’s consent renders the medical treatment shall not be deemed wrongful act so long as the treatment thereof is within the scope of consent granted, whereby the patient fully awared of the likely results arising therefrom, subject to the fact that the dentist has done so under the normal cause of treatment and without any negligence. In this respect, if and adversely unexpected result occurs, the dentist shall have no liability. If damage is a result of negligence, the dentist shall assume liability and any criminal liability concerned. Prior written consent signed by the patient in order to exonerate the dentist from any damage caused by its negligence shall be deemed null and void, and is prohibited.Item Item Contents Index to Volume 58, 2008(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Patita BhuridejItem Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Dentine Bonding Agents: Agar Overlay Technique(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-24) Suwanna Korsuwannawong; Ratchaporn Srichan; La-ongthong VajrabhayaThe purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of three dentine bonding agents, one-step (G-Bond\™ and Clearfil\™ S\³ Bond) and two-step (Clearfil\™ SE Bond X), by agar overlay test. The number of 3x10⁵ cells/ml of L929 in 10%D-MEM was seeded in 90 mm petri dish and incubated in 37\°C 5% CO₂. After 24 hours, the monolayer cells reached confluency. Then, 3% of nutrient agar was poured on the monolayer cells in the petri dish and stained with 0.01% neutral red dye. Two microliter of each test material was dropped on the cellulose nitrate filter diameter 5 mm. and placed on the nutrient agar. For each test group, three samples along with one sample of the control group were tested. The same procedure was repeated 4 times. The cytotoxicity was graded according to the criteria of ISO 7405 after 24 hours of incubation period. It showed that the diffusions of Clearfil\™ S\³ Bond and G-Bond\™ were in the same rate but Clearfil\™ SE Bond X had a higher diffusion rate than the former two dentine bonding agents. Furthermore, there was no difference among three materials on the cellular lysis (p \> .05). In conclusion, there is no difference among three bonding agents based on the cytotoxicity. However this technique is the primary screening for toxicity of biomaterials. Further cytotoxic investigation of material that contacts dentine in clinical practice by using Dentine Barrier Test is recommended.Item Dental Caries Status and Behaviors of Sukorn Island Children, Thailand(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2009-12-22) Samerchit PitpornchaikulThis study aimed to assess the dental caries status and behaviors of children in anisolated island with limited transportation to main land in Palian district, Trang Province in thesouthern part of Thailand. A total number of 131 children, stratified into 3 age groups: 2-4,5-9 and 10-14 years, were randomly selected. All subjects were examined by trained dentistsusing WHO criteria. Data on oral health behaviors including knowledge, attitude and practicewere collected by an interviewed questionnaire. The interview of 2-4-years-old group wasdone among their care The results showed that children in Sukorn island had high cariesprevalence as 93.7, 100 and 85.9% respectively. In addition, the mean cariesexperienced(decayed, missing and filled teeth) of Sukorn island children were 8.78ฑ5.03,8.00ฑ3.71 and 3.11ฑ2.07 teeth per person respectively which were significantly (p \≤ .003)higher than the data from Thailand National Oral Health Survey (2000-2001). More than 70%of child caretakers of 2-4 years old children believed that caries in primary dentition wasnormal and 84.4% thought that even any effort they had put into prevention of tooth decayed,their child would eventually had tooth decay. Only 17.2% of 10-14 years old group knewcorrectly how to prevent dental caries, while no one in 5-9 years old group knew about thisissue. For appropriate food selection, only 8.6% of 5-9 years old group and 9.4% of 10-14years old group could answer correctly. Oral health problem of children in Sukorn island isimportant and should be concerned. The children had high prevalence and severity of dentalcaries, that might be due to lack of oral health care knowledge, negative attitudes towards oralhealth care of child caretaker, and having few access to oral health services.Key words: behavior; children; dental caries; islandItem Dental Ceramics(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Sukontip ArwatchanakanThere are verities of ceramic material systems used in dentistry. The strength of dental ceramics have been continually developed to be used as a replacement of metal substructures in fixed prostheses. The purpose of this review article was to describe the development, the classification, and the survival rate of different types of dental ceramics and to help guide clinicians select appropriate dental ceramic materials.Item Dental Management for Cerebral Palsy Child-Patient with Schizencephaly: Case Report(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2009-12-22) Wilaipan Dechapimukkul; Pornpun AsvanitThai child, aged 3 years 5 months, being diagnosed as cerebral palsy with spastic quadriplegia, schizencephaly, macrocephaly and lazy right eye was referred from Chulalongkorn Hospital for the comprehensive dental treatment. The child had the medical history of taking muscle relaxant, Sirdalud, regularly. According to the child’s lack of cooperation, the oral rehabilitation of his 10 carious teeth was performed under the general anesthesia. From the medical consultation, Sirdalud should be refrained 3 days before the operation and respiratory system should be closely monitored after the operation. Dental management for a child with cerebral palsy consisted of operative and preventive measures. For a better quality of life for children with cerebral palsy, parents and caregivers should take the major responsibility for the promotion of their children’s health and oral health by means of tooth cleansing and preparation of healthy food. In addition, dentists should advise the parents to bring their children to receive stimulation on cognitive skills, physical therapy and speech therapy.Item Dental Management in Psychiatric Patients(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Sathaka ThatreenaranonIt is necessary for dentists to have knowledge and to understand patients’ medical diseases or conditions prior to rendering dental treatment. Not only physical illnesses, but mental disorders may also affect dental treatment and patient management. Nowadays, a greater proportion of people suffer from mental illness live within the community. In addition, psychiatric disorders can contribute to oral mucosal change and movement change that could impair patients’ ability to take care of their oral hygiene. Moreover, several psychotropic drugs cause dryness of mouth. Patients taking these drugs may have increased coronal and root caries, periodontal disease, partial loss of taste and candidiasis. To perform dental treatment in psychologically compromised patients, dentists should have basic knowledge about psychiatric disorders, behavioral change, effects of medication that patient received, dentally relevant side effects and drug interaction. Dental treatment in psychiatric patient requires thorough history taking, careful selection of drugs used for dental treatment and flexible treatment plan. Proper patient management will result in safe and successful dental treatment in psychiatric patients. It is also important to maintain adequate oral hygiene by effective preventive dental programs.Item Denture Adhesives: Adhesion Testing Methods(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Panarat Kodkeaw; Siriporn Rujiravanich; Panita Ritthaporn; Piyawat PhankosolThe main reason for using denture adhesives is to increase adhesion. Testing of the adhesion properties requires reliable instruments, equipment and methods together with repeatability for comparison. In addition, there were limitations of in vitro testing methods led to an adhesion value that did not represent those which occurred intraorally. The objective of this study was to create testing machines, instrument and methods for denture adhesive testing. The results showed that the Pi 2 method using pig skin and acrylic plate models was able to solve this in vitro problem. Since the available instrumentations for in vivo testing method were quite complicated, the Pi 3 method was then developed by using acrylic resin palatal plate and an adhesion testing instrument based on a balance beam composed of an analog force gauge, a force controller and a head positioning device. From the trial testing, it was found that the results from the Pi 2 method could be statistically analyzed to distinguish the differences between 6 formulated adhesive gels very well. For the Pi 3 method, the adhesion testing instrument was also very effective. However, selection criteria for the test groups should be carefully concerned. In conclusion, the Pi 2 and Pi 3 methods are effective in testing denture adhesives.Item Developing Oral Health Promotion Program in Child Care Centers, Kaengkhro District, Chaiyaphum Province(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-08-31) Suthisa Thaingam; Dentist; Siriwat Chanapal; Public Health TechnicalA definite system of oral health promotion program in child care centers of Kaengkhro district, Chaiyaphum province has not been established. This might lead to a high prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in the area. This study conducted a 4-yearparticipatory action research aiming to 1) develop a localized oral health promotion program and community oral health network in the area and 2) evaluate the effectiveness of the developed oral health promotion program. Data of 40 child care centers were collected and analyzed. Qualitative data were collected using methods of participatory observations and in-depth interviews of caregivers. Quantitative data were collected through reports, questionnaires, and a cross-sectional survey. Results showed that the program improved caregivers’ knowledge and skills of oral health promotion. They had a positive attitude in oral health promotion and abilities to provide most of oral health promotion activities in child care centers. The program could delay the progress of dental caries in preschool children. However, there is a further need to strengthen network cooperations and to increase capability of local health personnel regarding oral health promotionimplementation.Item The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Chemical Composition of Root Dentin Part II: Three Proprietary Mixtures(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2010-03-25) Pratana Yodmanotham; Waraporn Thitinanthapan; Sanong EkasitThe purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of three calcium hydroxide formulations on chemical alterations of dentin surface using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique. Twenty-nine human single root premolars were collected. Their crowns and apical 1/3 of roots were removed. After mechanical instrumentation with K-file no. 50, the teeth were divided randomly into 3 experimental groups (8 teeth for each group): Vitapex\®, MU paste, and Ultracal\® and 1 control group (5 teeth). The roots were sectioned faciolingually into 2 pieces. Each type of the calcium hydroxide was injected to fill up the canal wall of the specimen, then stored in 37\°C and 100% humidity for 7, 14 and 30 days. The control specimen was placed in distilled water and kept in the same environment. The infrared absorption was recorded before and after the treatment to investigate the modifications of the peak area under the amide I (1650 cmˉ\¹), and orthophosphate (1050 cmˉ\¹). The Omnic software was employed for all spectral analysis. The result revealed a statistically significant decrease (p \< .05) in amide I peak area in two testing groups: MU paste and Ultracal after 14 days measurement. Amide I -orthophosphate ratios in all testing groups also decreased significantly (p \< .05) by day 14. This result suggests that calcium hydroxide with different vehicles adversely affect the chemical composition of root dentin, which should be considered when studying about dentin.Item The Effect of Closed Fitting Mouth Guard with Fluoride Gel on Surface Hardness of Enamel after Soaking in Chlorinated Water(Journal of the Dental Association of Thailand, 2009-12-22) Panupen Sitthisomwong; Sunee Pongrojpao; Chantana Tulapornchai; Parichart Meanmonchai; Dental Student; Matas Nuwattana; Dental Student; Warangkana Tantangchareonchai; Dental StudentThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of closed fitting mouth guard with fluoridegel (1.1% NaF gel) or fluoride toothpaste (0.11% NaF) on surface hardness of enamel aftersoaking in chlorinated water at pH 3.4 for 2 hours. Fifty two human premolars extracted fororthodontic reasons were divided into 5 groups (13 specimens in each group): enamel slabswithout mouth guard (control group; C), enamel slabs with mouth guard only (experimentalgroup 1; E1), enamel slabs with mouth guard and fluoride gel (experimental group 2; E2),enamel slabs with mouth guard and fluoride toothpaste (experimental group 3; E3) andenamel slabs with mouth guard and Vaseline (experimental group 4; E4). Before and aftersoaking in chlorinated water, ten specimens of each group were measured for enamelmicrohardness and 3 specimens of each group were prepared to examine the enamelappearance using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that enamelmicrohardness decreased in all specimens significantly (p \< .05) except E2. Group C had thehighest means of difference Vickers microhardness number (VHN) before and after soaking inchlorinated water. (147.75ฑ11.25) E1, E4, E3 and E2 had lower means of difference in VHN.The lowest one was E2 (10.36ฑ6.74). There were significant differences between groups(p \< .05) except between E3 and E4. After soaking in Chlorinated water, SEM revealedhoneycomb-liked etched patterns on enamel surface only in group C. This study indicated thatenamel which exposed to strong acidic water had decreased surface hardness and hadchanges in enamel surface significantly. Using mouth guard either with or without other agentscould maintain enamel surface hardness and enamel appearance better than not using mouthguard. Using mouth guard with fluoride gel provides the most effective result.Key words: dental erosion; enamel microhardness; erosion; fluoride gel; mouth guard
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