Biological warfare--an emerging threat.

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dc.contributor.authorAgarwal, Reshmaen_US
dc.contributor.authorShukla, S Ken_US
dc.contributor.authorDharmani, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorGandhi, Aen_US
dc.date.accessioned2004-09-21en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-05-30T23:45:30Z
dc.date.available2004-09-21en_US
dc.date.available2009-05-30T23:45:30Z
dc.date.issued2004-09-21en_US
dc.description24 references.en_US
dc.description.abstractAs we approach the 21st century, there is an increasing worldwide awareness and threat regarding the use of biological warfare agents both for war and terrorist attack. Biological agents include microorganisms or biological toxins that are used to produce death in humans, animals and plants. They are characterized by low visibility, high potency, substantial accessibility and relatively easy delivery. Biological warfare agents are unconventional weapons that can be delivered by unconventional means like aerosol sprays, food and water contamination, conventional explosive munitions or by covert injections. Because of their concealed delivery, easy transportation and difficult identification they are readily adaptable for terrorist operations or to gain political advantages. The detection of such attack requires recognition of the clinical syndromes associated with various biological warfare agents. Diagnosis can be made on clinical grounds and on investigations. Protective measures can be taken against biological warfare agents. These should be implemented early (if warning is received) or later (once suspicion of agent use is made). After the confirmation of diagnosis emergency medical treatment and decontamination are performed in rapid sequence. Patients are then evacuated and specific therapy is given according to the agent involved. Appropriate emergency department and hospital response could significantly limit the morbidity and mortality of biological warfare agents.en_US
dc.description.affiliationUpgraded PG Department of Medicine, MLN Medical College, Allahabad (UP).en_US
dc.identifier.citationAgarwal R, Shukla SK, Dharmani S, Gandhi A. Biological warfare--an emerging threat. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2004 Sep; 52(): 733-8en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/90707
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.japi.orgen_US
dc.subject.meshBiological Warfare --classificationen_US
dc.subject.meshBioterrorism --prevention & controlen_US
dc.subject.meshDecontaminationen_US
dc.subject.meshDiagnosisen_US
dc.subject.meshEmergency Medical Services --standardsen_US
dc.subject.meshEnvironmental Monitoringen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshIndiaen_US
dc.subject.meshInfection --classificationen_US
dc.subject.meshTriageen_US
dc.titleBiological warfare--an emerging threat.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.typeReviewen_US
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