Understanding Leprosy in An Endemic District: Insights from a Community-Based Study

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dc.contributor.authorNiode, NJen_US
dc.contributor.authorMamuaja, EMen_US
dc.contributor.authorKandou, RTen_US
dc.contributor.authorAdji, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorGaspersz, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorChristopher, PMen_US
dc.contributor.authorMenaldi, SLen_US
dc.contributor.authorWidaty, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorKartika, Een_US
dc.contributor.authorMiranda, E.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-13T08:54:26Z
dc.date.available2025-08-13T08:54:26Z
dc.date.issued2025-06
dc.description.abstractSix provinces in Indonesia have yet to eliminate leprosy, with North Sulawesi among them. North Minahasa Regency reported one of the highest prevalence rates in North Sulawesi, at 1.8 per 10,000 population in 2022, with the highest concentration in the Likupang District. To meet the leprosy elimination target, comprehensive management systems must be improved to achieve a prevalence rate below 1 per 10,000 population in this district. This study was part of a community outreach program conducted by the KATAMATAKU team from Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with a team from Sam Ratulangi University. The study aimed to analyze the characteristics of leprosy patients in Likupang District, including leprosy type according to the World Health Organization (WHO), treatment status with multi-drug therapy (MDT), history of relapse, neuritis, leprosy reaction, neurotrophic ulcers, degree of disability, and other dermatoses, to serve as a reference for further research. This quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling at the Likupang Public Health Center, Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Among the suspected cases, 58 patients (72.5%) were confirmed with leprosy, predominantly males (35 patients, 60.3%) aged 20� years (44 patients, 75.9%), with a significant proportion working as farmers (13 patients, 22.4%). The most common type of leprosy was multibacillary (43 patients, 74.1%), with 54 patients (93.1%) of patients having received MDT. Of these, 31 patients (53.5%) were released from treatment, 1 patient (1,7%) experienced relapse, and 5 patients (8.6%) had discontinued treatment. Most patients did not have history of leprosy reactions (86.2%). Although the majority of patients (43 patients, 74.2%) exhibited grade 0 disability, 5 patients (8.6%) presented with grade 1 disability in the form of sensory impairment, and 10 patients (17.2%) had grade 2 disability (G2D), characterized by severe visual impairment, cortical opacity, and clawing of the fingers and toes. However, none of the patients had neurotrophic ulcers, and all were still undergoing treatment. Only four patients (6.9%) presented with concurrent dermatoses. This study revealed that leprosy remained a significant public health concern in Likupang District, with a relatively high confirmation rate among suspected cases. Although most patients completed MDT and exhibited mild disease progression, challenges such as G2D, treatment discontinuation, and relapses remained worrying. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to prevent disease recurrence, and to enhance and further strengthen control programs in an endemic district.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Central General Hospital, Manado, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationNiode NJ, Mamuaja EM, Kandou RT, Adji A, Gaspersz S, Christopher PM, Menaldi SL, Widaty S, Kartika E, Miranda E.. Understanding Leprosy in An Endemic District: Insights from a Community-Based Study. Indian Journal of Leprosy . 2025 Jun; 97(2): 95-105en_US
dc.identifier.issn0254-9395
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/250254
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherHind Kusht Nivaran Sangh (Indian Leprosy Association)en_US
dc.relation.issuenumber2en_US
dc.relation.volume97en_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.ijl.org.in/article-detail/97/537en_US
dc.subjectLeprosyen_US
dc.subjectEliminationen_US
dc.subjectEndemicen_US
dc.subjectCase Detectionen_US
dc.subjectNorth Minahasa Regencyen_US
dc.subjectIndonesiaen_US
dc.titleUnderstanding Leprosy in An Endemic District: Insights from a Community-Based Studyen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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