Utility of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads in the control of vector-borne diseases.

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dc.contributor.authorSivagnaname, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorAmalraj, D Dominicen_US
dc.contributor.authorMariappan, Ten_US
dc.date.accessioned2005-10-06en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-05-27T07:59:25Z
dc.date.available2005-10-06en_US
dc.date.available2009-05-27T07:59:25Z
dc.date.issued2005-10-06en_US
dc.description35 references.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe use of chemicals or bio-larvicides for the control of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi breeding in pit latrines and overhead tanks (OHT) respectively is discouraged owing to many undesirable impacts in the environment. Due to faecal contamination and poor survival, use of predatory fish in OHTs is not feasible. The use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads is a potential alternative in these habitats. EPS beads not only prevent oviposition but also kill the immature by forming a thick blanket on the water surface. A thick layer of 2 cm with beads of 2 mm is sufficient to suppress and prevent mosquito breeding. These are cheap, environmentally safe and do not need frequent application since they remain on the surface for quiet a long time. Successful trials against C. quinquefasciatus breeding in pit latrines, soakage pits, septic tanks, etc., have been carried out in Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Certain trials with EPS indicated reduction in microfilaria (mf) rate besides decline in biting density. In India, EPS beads have also been used on small scale for the control of A. stephensi and A. culicifacies breeding in OHTs and unused wells respectively. The polystyrene beads have also been reported to be effective in the control of mosquito breeding in biogas plants and other industrial situations. The practical utility of EPS beads in the control of vector-borne diseases has been discussed in the present review.en_US
dc.description.affiliationVector Biology Control, Vector Control Research Centre, (ICMR), Pondicherry, India. nsivagnaname@yahoo.comen_US
dc.identifier.citationSivagnaname N, Amalraj DD, Mariappan T. Utility of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads in the control of vector-borne diseases. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2005 Oct; 122(4): 291-6en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/22832
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.source.urihttps://icmr.nic.in/ijmr/ijmr.htmen_US
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen_US
dc.subject.meshInsect Vectors --drug effectsen_US
dc.subject.meshInsecticides --pharmacologyen_US
dc.subject.meshMosquito Control --methodsen_US
dc.subject.meshPolystyrenes --pharmacologyen_US
dc.titleUtility of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads in the control of vector-borne diseases.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.typeReviewen_US
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