Differential expression of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in vitiligo patients and their correlation with disease severity and stability: A cross-sectional study

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dc.contributor.authorAulakh, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorGoel, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorKaur, Len_US
dc.contributor.authorGulati, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorKaur, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorChopra, Den_US
dc.contributor.authorSarangal, Ren_US
dc.contributor.authorBatra, J.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-18T11:42:22Z
dc.date.available2025-06-18T11:42:22Z
dc.date.issued2025-02
dc.description.abstractBackground: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of pigmentation with an elusive pathogenesis, though various theories have been proposed. The presence of peri-lesional autoreactive CD8+ T cell infiltrate suggests the involvement of abnormal immune responses and autoimmunity in vitiligo. Recent studies have identified the IFN-?-CXCL9/CXCL-10 axis as a key component of the autoimmune response that perpetuates disease activity in vitiligo. Objectives: The primary objective was to estimate serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in vitiligo patients compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Additionally, the study aimed to find correlations between CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels and disease severity and stability. Secondary objectives included comparing levels in segmental/nonsegmental vitiligo and stable/ progressive vitiligo and assessing the impact of age and gender. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study included 60 vitiligo patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were assessed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cases were clinically evaluated for the type of vitiligo (segmental or non-segmental), disease severity (VASI score), and disease stability (VIDA score). Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlation coefficients. P value less than 0.5 was taken as significant. Results: Serum CXCL9 and CXCL10, both, were significantly raised in vitiligo patients as compared to controls (p-value = 0.001* & 0.001* respectively) and correlated positively with both VASI score (p-value = 0.001* & 0.001* respectively) and with VIDA score (p-value = 0.032* & 0.001* respectively). Serum CXCL10 showed significant elevation in progressive vitiligo, and CXCL9 exhibited a non-significant trend. No significant difference was observed between segmental and non- segmental vitiligo. Both chemokines positively correlated with disease severity and stability, while age and gender did not significantly impact chemokine levels. Limitations: Small sample size of control population. The voluntary sampling technique led to an unequal number of patients in progressive and stable vitiligo groups, as well as in segmental and non-segmental groups. The current study did not include blister fluid analysis and the effect of therapy on the chemokine levels.Conclusion: The expression of chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 is markedly increased and correlated positively with disease severity & instability, underscoring their mechanistic role in vitiligo pathogenesis. The values were also higher in the progressive group than in the stable group, inferring their conceivable potential as serum biomarkers. Both serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in vitiligo patients compared to controls and they can be used as potential serum biomarkers for assessing the disease activity.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, Leprology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, Leprology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Mata Kaushalya Hospital, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, Leprology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, Leprology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, Leprology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Dermatology, Mata Kaushalya Hospital, Patiala, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationAulakh S, Goel S, Kaur L, Gulati S, Kaur M, Chopra D, Sarangal R, Batra J.. Differential expression of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in vitiligo patients and their correlation with disease severity and stability: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2025 Feb; 91(1): 9-15en_US
dc.identifier.issn0378-6323
dc.identifier.issn0973-3922
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/249393
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherScientific Scholar on behalf of Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists & Leprologists (IADVL), India.en_US
dc.relation.issuenumber1en_US
dc.relation.volume91en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.25259/IJDVL_793_2023en_US
dc.subjectvitiligoen_US
dc.subjectimmunosorbentsen_US
dc.subjectautoimmunityen_US
dc.subjectenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayen_US
dc.subjectbiomarkersen_US
dc.subjectCXCL9en_US
dc.subjectCXCL10en_US
dc.titleDifferential expression of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in vitiligo patients and their correlation with disease severity and stability: A cross-sectional studyen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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