Assessment of Interradicular Spaces for Miniscrew Implant Placement: A Systematic Literature Review
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2010-06-24
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Chiang Mai Dental Journal
Abstract
The use of miniscrew implants as an orthodontic anchorage device has become an accepted method for providing absolute anchorage. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the safe zones in the interradicular spaces and the recommended diameters and lengths of miniscrew implants for use in interradicular spaces. The PubMed electronic database was searched for original articles to the end of December 2009. The selection criteria were human anatomical studies, written in English, about the safe zones in the interradicular spaces for miniscrew implant placement. The final selection was completed after the author read the complete articles. Most of these studies measured the availability of interradicular space in patients without malocclusion, i.e. no severe crowding, no spacing, no missing teeth except the third molars, and no periodontal disease, by using CT images. In these studies, types of occlusion or dento-skeletal patterns of the samples were not specified. In the maxilla and mandible, all interradicular sites had adequate space for miniscrew implant placement; however, the areas with adequate interradicular space at each site presented at different distances from either the cemento-enamel junction or the alveolar crest. In the maxilla, the safest site was between the second premolar and the first molar. In the mandible, the safest sites were between the first and second molars or between the first and second premolars. The recommended miniscrew diameters ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 mm with the lengths ranging from 4.0 to 10.0 mm. Based on these results, an empirical clinical guideline can be provided. However, various malocclusions and dento-skeletal patterns, and individual variations must be considered.Keywords: anchorage, orthodontics, interradicular space, miniscrew implant
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Chiang Mai Dental Journal; Vol.31 No.2 2010; 35-45