From Viral Illness to Autoimmune Crisis: Atypical Presentation of MOG-Positive ADEM in a Young Child following a Meta-pneumovirus Infection
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Date
2024-11
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Society for Health Care & Research Development
Abstract
We report a case of a 3-year-old female who developed MOG-positive Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following a Meta- pneumovirus infection. The patient presented with severe neurological symptoms, including acute encephalopathy, abducent nerve palsy, and rapid deterioration requiring intubation. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MOG antibodies were positive, and MRI revealed multifocal lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment with high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasmapheresis led to significant clinical improvement. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of MOG-positive ADEM, particularly when associated with less commonly recognized viral infections like Meta-pneumovirus. The overlap of symptoms with viral encephalopathy emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including early MRI and MOG antibody testing, to differentiate from other CNS conditions. The involvement of Meta- pneumovirus, while not commonly reported as a trigger for ADEM, expands the spectrum of viral triggers and highlights the importance of considering a broad range of infectious agents in similar presentations. Early recognition and aggressive treatment were crucial for this patient’s recovery, illustrating the necessity of prompt intervention in MOG-positive ADEM, especially when extensive CNS involvement is observed.
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Keywords
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) Antibodies, Autoimmune demyelination, Meta-Pneumovirus Infections, Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Citation
Torne Krupa . From Viral Illness to Autoimmune Crisis: Atypical Presentation of MOG-Positive ADEM in a Young Child following a Meta-pneumovirus Infection. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research. 2024 Nov; 10(6): 8-11