Trends in Urban Immunization Coverage in India: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

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dc.contributor.authorKulkarni, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorThampi, V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDeshmukh, D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGadhari, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChandrasekar, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPhadke, M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-19T04:53:37Z
dc.date.available2023-08-19T04:53:37Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.description.abstractObjectives To assess the gaps and trends in child immunization coverage among urban and rural areas in India, and compare the success of immunisation program in each. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Crossref, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched on October 9, 2019, and March 21, 2020, for studies that measured and reported immunization coverage indicators in India. Random-efects metaanalyses and meta-regressions were conducted. Results The authors' search identifed 545 studies, and 2 were obtained by expert suggestion. Among these 68 studies and 6 surveys were included. They found that full immunization coverage has grown yearly at 2.65% and 0.82% in rural and urban areas, respectively whereas partial immunization coverage declined by ?2.44% and ?0.69%, respectively. Percentage of nonimmunized children did not show a statistically signifcant trend in either. Conclusion While rural immunization coverage has seen a large increase over the past two decades, the progress in urban areas is weak and negligible. This was largely attributable to a focus on minimizing dropouts in rural areas. However, a lack of signifcant reduction in unimmunized children may indicate left-out children or pockets in both rural and urban areas. The poor performance of immunization programs in urban areas, coupled with a larger impact of COVID-19, warrants that India urgently adopts urban-sensitive and urban-focused policies and programs.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsRJMC Health and Nutrition Mission, Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsUNICEF Ofce for Maharashtra, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsPublic Health Department, Government of Maharashtra, UNICEF Ofce for Maharashtra, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationKulkarni S., Thampi V., Deshmukh D., Gadhari M., Chandrasekar R., Phadke M.. Trends in Urban Immunization Coverage in India: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2023 Jan; 90(1): 38–48en_US
dc.identifier.issn0973-7693
dc.identifier.issn0019-5456
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/223742
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherDr. K C Chaudhuri Foundationen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber1en_US
dc.relation.volume90en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03843-0en_US
dc.subjectUrban immunizationen_US
dc.subjectRural immunizationen_US
dc.subjectImmunization coverageen_US
dc.subjectImmunization programmeen_US
dc.subjectImmunization trendsen_US
dc.titleTrends in Urban Immunization Coverage in India: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regressionen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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