Urinary calcium: a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of environmental lead exposure in children

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dc.contributor.authorNwobi, Nnenna L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAdedapo, Solomon K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOyinlade, Opebiyi A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOlukolade, Olugbemien_US
dc.contributor.authorLagunju, Ikeoluwa A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAtulomah, Nnodimele O.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNwazuoke, Ikechukwu A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAnetor, John I.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-18T09:58:30Z
dc.date.available2020-11-18T09:58:30Z
dc.date.issued2019-06
dc.description.abstractBackground: In the continuous search for accessible, reliable and sensitive biomarkers for early detection of environmental lead exposure, authors determined the interaction between blood lead level (BLL), the conventional marker of lead exposure, and the indices of calcium and bone metabolism in children.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 309 apparently healthy children from eight public primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria who were classified as Elevated BLL (EBLL) and control based on standard cut-off for childhood BLL. BLL, serum Ca (tCa), phosphate, magnesium (Mg), 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urinary calcium (uCa) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (uDPD) were determined using AAS, HPLC and ELISA as appropriate. Bone-specific ALP (B-ALP) and ionized calcium (iCa) were calculated using standard formulae. Data analyses involved Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: BLL and 25-OH-Vitamin D levels were increased in EBLL (0.4±0.1 µmol/L and 60.1±10.7 mmol/L) compared with control (0.2±0.0 µmol/L and 55.1±14.3 mmol/L) p <0.05. No significant differences existed in the levels of ALP, B-ALP, uCa, uDPD, tCa, iCa, phosphate and Mg in both groups (p>0.05). BLL had significant positive correlation with uCa (r=0.176, p=0.002) (p<0.05) but no significant correlation with uDPD, ALP, B-ALP, tCa, iCa, phosphate, Mg and 25-OH-Vitamin D (p>0.05). BLL could be accounted for by uCa by applying the equation, BLL=0.329+0.324uCa.Conclusions: Urinary calcium could be a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of significant environmental lead exposure in children.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Chemical Pathology, BenCarson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Public Health, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeriaen_US
dc.identifier.citationNwobi Nnenna L., Adedapo Solomon K., Oyinlade Opebiyi A., Olukolade Olugbemi, Lagunju Ikeoluwa A., Atulomah Nnodimele O., Nwazuoke Ikechukwu A., Anetor John I.. Urinary calcium: a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of environmental lead exposure in children. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2019 Jun; 7(6): 2265-2272en_US
dc.identifier.issn2320-6071
dc.identifier.issn2320-6012
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/211371
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherMedip Academyen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber6en_US
dc.relation.volume7en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192510en_US
dc.subjectBone metabolismen_US
dc.subjectCalcium metabolismen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental lead exposureen_US
dc.titleUrinary calcium: a promising predictive biomarker for early recognition of environmental lead exposure in childrenen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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