Hydroxychloroquine pleiotropic benefits: is there any evidence beyond rheumatological diseases?

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dc.contributor.authorPareek, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorNikam, S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-12T07:25:25Z
dc.date.available2025-05-12T07:25:25Z
dc.date.issued2024-09
dc.description.abstractOnce used as an antimalarial medication, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is now widely used to treat a variety of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). HCQ has shown benefits in rheumatic diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. HCQ has demonstrated cardioprotective effects in rheumatic disorders, including SLE and RA. Recently, the role of inflammatory mediators has drawn a lot of attention in the pathophysiology of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), diabetic complications and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). In a prospective observational study of RA patients, taking HCQ for longer than four years, the incidence of diabetes has been found to be substantially decreased. In a mechanistic human pharmacodynamic study of T2D patients, HCQ showed improvements in insulin resistance and beta-cell function. These outcomes are associated with reductions in inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). With its anti-hyperglycemic potential, anti-inflammatory, and pleiotropic effects (lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, antithrombotic) HCQ stands out as a therapeutic option that is affordable for patients with uncontrolled T2D who are at risk for complications. The pleiotropic benefits of HCQ extend beyond rheumatic diseases with potential in prediabetes, T2D and ASCVD.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsMedical Affairs and Clinical Research, Ipca laboratories Limited, Kandivali Industrial Estate, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsMedical Affairs and Clinical Research, Ipca laboratories Limited, Kandivali Industrial Estate, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationPareek A, Nikam S.. Hydroxychloroquine pleiotropic benefits: is there any evidence beyond rheumatological diseases? . International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2024 Sep; 12(9): 3528-3537en_US
dc.identifier.issn2320-6071
dc.identifier.issn2320-6012
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/246819
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherMedip Academyen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber9en_US
dc.relation.volume12en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20242642en_US
dc.subjectHydroxychloroquineen_US
dc.subjectRheumatoid arthritisen_US
dc.subjectSystemic lupus erythematosusen_US
dc.subjectType 2 diabetesen_US
dc.titleHydroxychloroquine pleiotropic benefits: is there any evidence beyond rheumatological diseases?en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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